(without extra charge), and on the evening express trains, Pullman's sleeping cars, (extra charges 8.)

3. That by the North British Railway (Waverley Station), to Carlisle, by what is known as the "Waverley Route." This route passes Melrose. From Carlisle, trains go over the line of the Midland Railway, the route being through Normanton, Leicester, and Bedford, the London station being ST PAN

CRAS. The distance is about 420 miles. For description of that part of the route between Edinburgh and Carlisle, see Route 34. For description of that part between Carlisle and London, see Route 44. Fares, same as by No. 1 and No. 2 above. Pullman's drawing-room carriages (extra charge 5s.), are run on morning express trains in either direction, and on evening express trains, Pullman's sleeping cars (extra charge, 8s.)

from 62 to 360 miles, comprising an area of 58,320 square miles. The principal openings on the east are the Humber, the Wash, and the estuary of the Thames; on the west, the Bristol Channel, Swansea and Carmarthen Bays, Milford Bay, Bride's Bay, Cardigan Bay, and St George's Channel, with the estuaries of the Dee, Mersey, Morecombe Bay, and the Solway Firth; on the south, Southampton Water, Torbay, Plymouth Sound, Falmouth Harbour, and Mount's Bay. Capes: Flamborough Head, Spurn Point, the Naze, Foulness, North and South Forelands, Beachy Head, Dungeness, the Needles, Portland Point, Lizard Point, Land's End, Worm's Head, St David's Head, Great Orme's Head, and St Bees Head. Islands: Holy Island, Lundy, Man, Sheppey, Scilly Isles, Walney, and Wight. It is divided into 52 Counties, of which 40 belong to England proper, viz.: Bedford, Berks, Bucks, Cambridge, Chester, Cornwall, Cumberland, Derby, Devon, Dorset, Durham, Essex, Gloucester, Hants, Hereford, Hertford, Huntingdon, Kent, Lancaster, Leicester, Lincoln, Middlesex, Monmouth, Norfolk, Northampton, Northumberland, Nottingham, Oxford, Rutland, Salop, Somerset, Stafford, Suffolk, Surrey, Sussex, Warwick, Westmoreland, Wilts, Worcester, and York. The last is divided into the North, East, and West Ridings. The 12 counties of Wales are Anglesey, Brecknock, Caermarthen, Caernarvon, Denby, Flint, Glamorgan, Merioneth, Montgomery, Pembroke, and Radnor. The aspect of the country is delightful, presenting all that beautiful variety which is to be found in the most extensive tracts of the globe. Though possessing dreary scenes, lofty mountains, craggy rocks, bleak barren moors,

and wild uncultivated heaths; few countries have a smaller proportion of land absolutely sterile and incapable of cultivation. The richest parts, generally speaking, are the midland and southern. Towards the north, it partakes, to a great degree, of the barrenness of the neighbouring portion of Scotland. The east coast is, in many parts, sandy and marshy. A range of rugged and elevated land extends from the borders of Scotland to the heart of England, forming a natural division between the east and west sides of the kingdom. Cornwall is also a rough, hilly tract; and some of the adjacent counties are of a similar character. The mountains of England are divided into the Northern, the Cambrian, and the Devonian. The first consists of the Pennine range and the Cumbrian group; the former extending from the Cheviot Hills on the Scottish borders, to the middle of Derbyshire. In this range is Cross Fell, nearly 3000 ft. above the level of the sea, and the Peak, in Derbyshire, 1800 feet. The Cumbrian group lies to the west of the Pennine, being separated from it by the valleys of the Eden and the Lune. In it are, Scaw Fell, the highest mountain in England, being 3166 ft. high, Helvel lyn and Skiddaw, both upwards of 3000 ft.

The Cumbrian range extends throughout nearly the whole of Wales; the principal mountains being Snowdon, 3571 ft., Cader Idris ("Arthur's Seat") 2900 ft., and Plinlimmon, 2500 ft. The Devonian range includes the hills of Devon, Cornwall, and part of Somersetshire; none are of great elevation. Of the rivers, the principal are the Thames, Severn, Medway, Trent, Ouse, Tyne, Tees, Wear, Mersey, Dee, Avon, Eden, Derwent, Wye, and Conway. In connection with many of these, is a system of