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duction to which the profit should be added as a separate and distinct item, thus permitting comparisons between estimates and the actual cost figures obtained after work is completed.

Article No. 5: That there should be no misrepresentation of goods made to prospective purchasers.

Article No. 6: That no misrepresentation pertaining to business policy should be made to competitors.

Article No. 7: That the purchasers of the product of our factories should be impressed with the fact that the manufacturers in this line of business are trustworthy and honest and can be trusted to carry out any agreement and that they can safely place work with them without competitive bidding and be assured of first class workmanship, fair treatment and a reasonable price.

Article No. 8: That in selling, no graft should be tolerated and that no commission ever be offered or paid the parties in the employ of prospective purchasers.

Article No. 9: That as "knocking" is a practice unworthy of the business, no salesman should speak disparagingly of another salesman or competing firm.

Article No. 10: That salesmen should not solicit the cancellation of nor manufacturers accept orders placed with competitors, but should consider an order placed with a competitor as a closed incident.

Article No. 11: That no quotations should be made by salesmen or otherwise on work which is already contracted for or completed by other manufacturers, nor should any criticism be offered of the work of other manufacturers or the prices made on the same.

Article No. 12: That as following the general policy of price maintenance is for the best interest of any manufacturer, no salesman should change prices once quoted unless changes in the quantity of, or the specifications for, the work in question has been made.

Article No. 13: That when a manufacturer is offered work which he can not do, he should make it a point to refer the customer to another Association member.

Article No. 14:

That giving itemized prices on various small portions or separate articles of a complete equipment should be avoided as far as possible.

Article No. 15: That it should be a duty and a pleasure to impart to less experienced competitors any knowledge which

may be of help to them as long as you have reason to believe that the information will be fairly used. This practice will tend to do away with ignorance and thus tend to eliminate a dangerous factor in competition.

Article No. 16: That it is for the best interest of any manufacturer to refer inquiries for work which is to be built to match that of a competitor to the original manufacturer rather than to attempt to build it themselves, and that it is well before building such work to ascertain the relations existing between the purchaser and the manufacturer who built the original work.

Article No. 17: That any firm who authorizes any individual to solicit business and sell goods for them should see to it that the salesman is fully instructed as to the policy they propose to pursue on all matters referred to in this Code.

Article No. 18: That all members of the Association should aim to adhere to the terms and conditions of sale and the use of such contracts for sale as have been approved and recommended for use by the Association.

Article No. 19: That good feeling among the manufacturers engaged in this industry is for the best interest of all concerned and that therefore no manufacturer should judge the action or course taken by another manufacturer without full knowledge of all conditions in relation to the matter in question. Article No. 20: That it is for the best interest of any manufacturer in this business to make both his general and cost accounting, uniform in plan with that in general use in this industry.

COMMERCIAL SCHOOLS

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ACCREDITED
COMMERCIAL SCHOOLS

Adopted 1914:

STANDARDS OF PRACTICE

The members of this Association are definitely pledged to the betterment of the individual schools of the Association, to the end that the whole system of private commercial education in the United States may be improved, and may become an effective. part of the educational machinery of our country.

For the purpose of accomplishing these objects, each member of the organization will:

1. Maintain in his own institution such practices as will reflect credit upon the cause of business education.

2. Pay his legitimate debts promptly and in a businesslike manner.

3. Follow in his relations with his students and the general public those standards of business procedure and honor that prevail in the best business houses.

4. Provide the very best quarters and equipment for his school that his income will allow, or that the education committee of this Association may require.

5. Install and support standard courses of study as prescribed by this Association.

6. Select and teach texts that are included in the accredited list of the Association.

7. Avoid exaggeration of every kind in every form of advertising.

8. Make no misleading statements or misrepresentations of any kind, either in person or through any agency.

9. Deal fairly and in a dignified manner with all classes of competition.

10. Cultivate within the school itself and in its community the highest possible moral standards.

11. Refuse either directly or indirectly to guarantee positions to prospective students.

12. Report promptly to the proper officer of the Asso

ciation any violation of the ethics of the profession, as understood by this Association, whether these violations occur within or without the membership of the Association.

13. Submit to a board of arbitrators to be appointed by the president any difficulty or disagreement that may arise as between himself and any other member of the Association; abide by such decision and carry into effect such requirements as may by said board be prescribed.

14. Members of this Association shall be those whose character and reputation are above reproach, and who shall so order their general conduct as to entitle them to be regarded as suitable persons to direct the education and moral development of young people.

COMMERCIAL SECRETARIES

AMERICAN TRADE ASSOCIATION EXECUTIVES
Adopted October 1922:

CANONS OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

THE TRADE EXECUTIVE TO HIMSELF-THE MAN

1. "Do unto others as ye would that men should do unto you."

2. The pledged word of the Trade Executive must be as good as his bond. He recognizes as fundamental a strict adherence to the truth, in business and personal relations, and will never wilfully misrepresent any case, fact, principle or condition.

3. A Trade Executive must be true to himself if he is to be true to others. He must have self-respect if he is to win the respect of others. He must be above currying favor, perverting a trust or using personal relations and friendships for private gain. He should not limit his independence of action by accepting favors or gratuities from individuals or firms within the Association or from interested sources without.

4. A Trade Executive should be a man of sterling character, backbone and force, fearlessly impartial, just, honest, loyal and square, with courage to see things as they are, willing to recognize two sides to every question and ready to give them both a full hearing, prepared to hew to the line in matters of policy and conduct and never sacrifice right for expediency.

5. A Trade Executive must give the best that is in him, without stint and to the uttermost, to the work he is called upon to perform, and should never have any personal pecuniary interest in the line of business represented by his organization.

6. A Trade Executive should maintain his position on his merits and ability, and his income should be determined accordingly, as a private matter between himself and his Association.

THE TRADE EXECUTIVE TO HIS ASSOCIATION-THE LEADER

1. Information gained in the line of duty is privileged, and inviolable. Under no circumstances shall it be revealed except with the full consent of the members in question, or in the cause of justice before the law.

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