he gave them two hours extra in which to collect the clothing, the unfortunate inhabitants could gather together only a few hundred of each article and with these General McCausland had to be satisfied. Frederick also was ransomed for the sum of two hundred thousand dollars. Bodies of Confederate cavalry rode in all directions burning bridges, cutting tele

Hagerstown and
Frederick have

to Pay Ransom.

graph wires, capturing railroad trains and carrying off horses. One small party came within five miles of Baltimore on Charles Street Avenue and burned the country house of Governor Bradford; the house of Postmaster

General Montgomery Blair at Silver Spring also was burned. Many places near Baltimore were visited by them: Towson, Reisterstown, Mount Washington, the Relay and others, but received very little hurt. As a result of these raids Baltimore was cut off from the rest of the country except by water, and there was great uncertainty in the city as to what was happening, but in a few days the excitement was over.

The war dragged on for a few more weary months until General Lee surrendered what was left of his army to General Grant at Appomattox Court House, on April 9, 1865. To the very end, even when the soldiers from the States farther south were deserting from Lee's army by the hundred, the Maryland troops stood by him faithfully. The war was over, and had cost the country more than half a million lives on both sides. Slavery was abolished for the good, in the end, of the slaves themselves, their masters, and the whole country; and, moreover, the principle was established that the States could not secede, that they were parts of a great whole, a nation that could not be divided. It had also been shown that the American people were as patriotic as in the days of the Revolution; shown on both sides, for the men, women and children of the South were as patriotic and suffered as much for their "States" as those of the North did for their "Union." But the cost was terrible. As President Lincoln said in his second inaugural address: "Neither party expected for the war the magnitude or the duration which it has already attained. . . . . Each looked for an easier triumph, and a result less fundamental and astounding. prayers of both could not be answered.

The

That of neither

has been answered fully." And, "with malice towards none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds

to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations."

CHAPTER XIII.

THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF MARYLAND SINCE 1865.

Lincoln
Assassinated.

Five days after the surrender of General Lee the whole country was shocked by the assassination of the President. Whether we approve his acts or not, whether we agree with or differ from his political views, we cannot but feel respect and admiration for a man of such uprightness and nobility of character. It is with shame and regret that we acknowledge that Lincoln's murderer was a Marylander. John Wilkes Booth* was born in Harford County in 1839. His act was that of a man carried away by sectional passion and he alone must bear the blame for it.

Factional Feeling in
Maryland Continues.

Although the war was ended, ill-feeling between the two factions did not cease. In Baltimore the City Council passed a resolution asking General Lew Wallace, who was then commander of this department, to close certain churches founded by Southern sympathizers who had withdrawn from the Methodist Church. At another time it passed resolutions against the presence in the State of Confederate soldiers who had returned to their homes. These latter were in an unfortunate position, for the Attorney-General had given it as his opinion that by the

*For an account of the capture and death of Booth, see the Century Magazine of April, 1896, in the article, "Four Lincoln Conspiracies," by Victor L. Mason.

terms of Lee's surrender those soldiers who were from non-seceding States could not return to them, but must remain south of the Potomac. General Wallace accordingly ordered that all Confederate officers, soldiers and citizens who returned to his department in Maryland should be arrested and held until the government at Washington should decide what to do with them. A number were arrested in accordance with this order and were sent into Northern States, where curiously enough the ill-feeling towards them was not so strong. The feeling against returned Confederates was especially marked in the southern counties of the Western Shore. This was partly because their inhabitants were almost without exception Southern sympathizers, and partly because Wilkes Booth, after the murder of Lincoln, had escaped through that region and had been concealed, willingly or unwillingly, by several persons there. Prince George's, Charles and St. Mary's counties were garrisoned with over five thousand United States troops, and orders were given that no person there should be "allowed to engage in any occupation, trade, or profession without taking an unconditional oath of allegiance." However, the State remained under military control only for a short time, until January, 1866.

We have seen that large numbers of the citizens of Maryland had been disfranchised by the Constitution of 1864 on account of their sympathy with the South. In 1865 the Legislature passed an Act to regulate the registration of the voters of the State. Officers

Act of 1865.

The Registration of registration were to be appointed by the Governor, three for each ward of the city of Baltimore, and three for each election district in the counties, to "register the names of all free white male