inches in length. Several ounces of pus gushed out, and lymph in considerable quantity was also found, and adhesions were already beginning to form. Upon further examination a punctured wound about one-third of an inch long was found in the ileum, and there was a small amount of fecal extravasation in its vicinity. The original wound in the peritoneum was also found. The wound in the bowel was closed with three Lembert sutures, fine silk being used. The adhesions were broken up, and as much lymph as could be found was removed and the cavity thoroughly irrigated with warm water. A drainage tube was placed in the lower angle of the wound and a second one in the original wound, it also extending into the peritoneal cavity. The wound was closed with silk worm-gut sutures. Patient passed a restless night, but on the following day he was much more comfortable, less fever and tenderness of the abdomen, and no nausea or vomiting. At the end of forty-eight hours he was still better. The drainage tube was removed and the wound seemed to be doing well. Primary union of the whole of the superficial portion of the wound failed, although the deep portions were firmly united. This failure was evidently due to lack of healing power from his general bad condition. About one-half of the wound gaped open and the sutures were removed. Suppuration occurred at the operation wound, also at the site of the injury, and a large collection of pus formed in the left inguin al region. This was opened and pus was freely discharged from all points. On the 29th of May, under chloroform, the edges of the wound were freshened and united with silk sutures, the two abscess cavities were curetted, and by these means, and with improved vital action, the case progressed to a favorable termination, but the parts were not entirely healed until early in July, or about two months after the injury. At the present time, Oct. 2nd, the boy is in excellent health, with sound union, and in all respects his general condition is better than prior to the accident. There is nothing peculiar in this case, except that it shows with what beneficial effects ordinary surgical principles can be applied to a certain class of cases, otherwise almost always fatal. DR. OSLER, of Johns-Hopkins, says that pneumonia can neither be aborted or cut short. It is a self-limited disease and runs its course uninfluenced by any medicine we might administer. SAN FRANCISCO AS A WINTER RESIDENCE. By S. S. HERRRICK, M. D., San Francisco. The desirable elements of a winter climate, whether for most classes of invalids or for persons of leisure, are a genial minimum temperature, with a small daily range, abundance of sunshine, a low atmospheric humidity and moderate velocity of wind. These elements govern the comfort, both in degree and duration, of being in the open air and of enjoying ample ventilation of rooms when indoors. It is an advantage not to be burdened with clothing or to carry extra garments for a sudden emergency; also to sit in rooms without artificial heating and at least part of the day with open windows. But these natural enjoyments are far from satisfying the wants of social life. Both invalids and well people need companionship of their kind and the various employments and recreations of the mind which society affords. Other considerations equal, a large population possesses sources of enjoyment superior in variety and degree to what rural or village communities can possibly realize, and these are generally proportioned to aggregate wealth, more or less modified by length of time for development. Some of the more important advantages may be designated as churches, theatrical and operatic performances, concerts, lectures, clubs, fraternal organizations, libraries, schools, art galleries, balls, parties, various outdoor recreations, places of resort within moderate distance and easy transportation facilities for reaching them, and lastly hotels and boarding-houses. In nearly all such particulars the enjoyments bear direct ratio to population, though it may not be a definite ratio. No account is here made of public sanitation, though it is an important consideration; for it is the last step in social evolution and has not been so systematized as to have any definite relation to population. With these prefatory remarks, attention is now invited to the following tables, designed to exhibit the natural climatic features of a number of places in the United States, ranging from the interior of South Carolina to California, so that a comparison may be made between them. Most of the places are stations of the Signal Service, and the figures are official. The observations in the first two columns on the left fairly represent the average maximum and minimum temperatures; the next two to the right the extreme high and low temperatures during the whole period; "mean humidity" exhibits the degree of saturation of the atmosphere at the actual temperature; "average days cloudy" indicates days when the sun was obscured all or most of the day. The last table gives a condensed view of the leading particulars of the others for all the places considered. AVERAGE WINTER CLIMATE OF AIKEN, S. C., 1873-1884. AVERAGE WINTER CLIMATE OF JACKSONVILLE, FLA., OCT. 1, 1871-DEC. 31, 1883. 6. 24 74.6 92 3.28 N. E. 32 70.6 7.9 3.45 N. E. 31 65.4 5.3 3.13 S. W. 7.9 AVERAGE WINTER CLIMATE OF CEDAR KEYS, FLA., Nov. 7, 1879-DEC. 31, 1883. AVERAGE WINTER CLIMATE OF NEW ORLEANS, DEC. 1, 1870-DEC. 31, 1883. Latitude, 30°. velocity Average wind. AVERAGE WINTER CLIMATE OF SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS, MAR. 1, 1877–JUNE 15, 1883. AVERAGE WINTER CLIMATE OF SAN DIEGO, Nov. 1, 1871-DEC. 31, 1883. humid. AVERAGE WINTER CLIMATE OF SANTA BARBARA, JAN. 1, 1871-DEC. 31, 1879. Latitude, 34°28′. AVERAGE WINTER CLIMATE OF LOS ANGELES, JULY 1, 1877–DEC. 31, 1883. Latitude, 34°3'. Elevation, 283 feet. December... March......... 62.9 66.3 71.9 AVERAGE WINTER CLIMATE OF SAN FRANCISCO, 1871-1883. A comparison of these tables affords the following deductions: 1. The maximum temperature is less than that of any of the other places; 2. the minimum temperature is highest of all; 3. the daily range is least and less than half that of Los Angeles and Santa Barbara; 4. the humidity is less than that of Cedar Keys; 5. the average velocity of the wind less than at Cedar Keys and New Orleans; 6. the sky is less cloudy than at Jacksonville, New Orleans and San Antonio, and scarcely more than at San Diego. Los Angeles is considerably brighter and drier in its atmosphere and has less wind, but its minimum temperature is six degrees lower than that of San Francisco and its daily range much greater. In respect to temperature, in all its elements San Francisco is the most genial of all, and this is |