and the temperature is kept even by quadruple sashed windows and thick walls. Here the meat is cured.

What becomes of the rest of the hog? To begin with, his blood is caught in that trough away up under his death bed and passes into a great iron pipe and starts back down stairs. His viscera and rough lard are taken from the gutters, and thrown into great tanks and pass thence into retorts nearty full of water. At the upper end of these are pipes which carry off the lard as it rises from the boiling, while the lower ends open and discharge the residue down below. Going down stairs, we enter the "fertilizing room" where the bones, blood and all the offal come for conversion into manure. The iron pipe discharges the blood into vats where it is steam cooked until you can cut it with a knife and it looks like liver. It is then put into the dryer, a device which reduces it to a dry powder and one of the best manures for use on pasture, meadow or corn, and first on the list of the cotton planters, so when we put on a clean shirt we are clad in the hog we slopped and fed and ran after a year before, for his blood has passed in the chemistry of nature, into the cotton plant to perfect its fiber. To this room come the bones and all of the hog that is uneatable and is reduced to powder and caked for manure. The fine lard is steamed and its "cracklings" come here too. The completion of this best building and its successful operation for one year are important events in the growth and history of Iowa City.

The following reminiscence of old-time pork enterprise is from the State Press, and comes in here appropriately for comparison with the great modern packing-house above described:

"In early days when hogs were not so plenty nor so well bred, there was a packing-house here. It was built, owned and run by the late John Powell, a merchant and factor who wrought great results out of the small opportunities offered by frontier commerce. His pork-house stood not far from the site of the Washington House, west side of the University campus, then the "Capital Square," and in 1851, it stood with its foundation in the waters of the great flood and its walls a lonely sentinel over the waste of wet which stretched from the hills on Clear creek west of the Rock Island track to the west line of the campus, and again from the line of hills which close upon the river at Richard Sanders', clear across to the ridge of Gen. Morris' 'Tulip Hill' farm. In that old house Mr. Powell bulked pork in winter. The hogs were hazel splitters, with lots of lean. The meat was cured and sent to St. Louis in the spring on flatboats which were poled down the rivers. There it was exchanged for merchandise, which would be brought back on a steamboat."

THE GREAT WESTERN BREWERY.

One of the largest breweries in the State, is owned by John P. Dostal, and is located on the corner of Gilbert and Market streets. The first building of this brewery was built by Rupert in 1857. Dostal bought this property in 1873, and built the malt house, and in 1877 he built an addition and put in steam. The capacity is 25,000 barrels a year. There

is a cellar under the whole building, and a fine ice house was built in 1878, 150 feet in length, 35 feet wide and 20 feet high. He also manufactures mineral water.

An official report made by collector Davis for 1866 shows that 4,119 barrels of beer were manufactured and sold in Iowa City during that year.

June 23, 1867, a fire occurred which destroyed eight buildings, on Iowa avenue and Clinton street. Among them was the first brick building erected in the city twenty-seven years before, by a Mr. Bostwick, and of which George T. Andrews was the architect. Mr. Crum's printing office was burned at the same time, after having occupied the same room for twenty-six years. The Iowa City Standard was printed there in 1840.

IOWA CITY CONDENSED.

At Iowa City steam and river turn many wheels.

In addition to this we may add that Iowa City has 3 good banks, 30 benevolent institutions, 15 churches, 25 manufacturing establishments of all kinds, 340 business places, 10 wholesale houses, and the most public buildings of State and county of any city in Iowa.

ROSTER OF TOWNSHIP OFFICERS FOR 1882.

Big Grove Township-J. P., P. B. Andrews, U. C. Brown; constables, W. A. Palmar, Jas. Payn; clerk, M. Schircliff; assessor, A. M. White; trustees, P. Hauptman, A. W. Beuter and Jacob Kessler.

Cedar Township.-J. P., Nelson Paxson, Eli Dickey; constable, N. Swafford; clerk, S. M. Bowman; assessor, J. L. Adams; trustees, James Drabek, John E. Adams, and D. Malony.

Clear Creek Township.-J. P., Geo. W. Watson, Lorenzo Davis; constables, David Walker, Pat. Murphy; clerk, John D. Colony; assessor, J. M. Douglass; trustees, Nath. Bowers, J. C Hamilton.

Fremont Township.-J. P., Richard Huskins, Eli Fountain; constables, Geo. Edmonds, E. Reppert; clerk, G. W. Hensley; assessor, Isaac Fairchild; trustees, Geo. Pepple, D. Carey, and T. Carl.

Graham Township.-J. P., F. A. Beranek and Geo. Atkinson; constables, J. A. Holland, John Lumpa; clerk, J. W. Holland; assessor, Eugene Sullivan; trustees, Thomas Metcalf, J. M. Huffman and Charles Dingleberry.

Hardin Township.-J. P., John Reynolds and Thos. Watson; constable, John Dooley: clerk, J. R. Healy; assessor, Owen T. Gallagy; trustees, Nathan Crow and A. Smith.

Iowa City Township.-J. P., G. W. Dodder, D. S. Barber; constables, W. W. Paterson, James Havlik; clerk, L. A. Allen; assessor, J. P. Pisha; trustees, J. N. Clark, F. W. Rabenau and J. P. Pisha.

Jefferson Township.—J. P., Geo. C. Andrews, F. J. Pudill; constables, M. Anderson, A. Nerba; clerk, Paul Korab; assessor, Joseph Horak; trustees, Frank Sulek, J. S. Bowersox and J. W. Graham.

Liberty Township.-J. P., Gregory Gross, M. Birrer; constables, Anthony Miller, John Melleker; clerk, Gregory Gross; assessor, Jacob Overholtzer; trustees, Jo. S. Ruppencamp, Joseph Hirt and Jones Hart

man.

Lincoln Township.-J. P., James McFadden and Hugh Crawford; constables, John Peckham, Gus. Seiver; clerk, Charles Sheppard; assessor, A. R. Cherry; trustees, A. Sheland, Wm. Dodd and Claus Lutze.

Lucas Township.—J. P., G. R. Irish and Alix Kozer; constable, George T. Borland and Wm. Davis; clerk, J. G. Sperry; assessor, S. P. Fry; trustees, Paul Causter, Wm. Hanke and J. G. Crain.

Monroe Township.-J. P., A. P. Miller, Graham Thorn; constables, Levi Anderson, Joseph Konasek; clerk, Graham Thorn; assessor, Joseph Konasek; trustees, Josiah Millward, A. D. Slezak, A. Holubar.

Madison Township.-J. P., A. J. Rope, James Chamberlain; constable, Samuel Alloway; clerk, R. H. Wray; assessor, M. Young; trustees, James Bridenstine, O. P. Babcock and John Sherman.

Newport Township.—J. P., Wm. Shuck, A. M. Hubbard; constables, J.

K. McCallough, Henry Scharf; clerk, Joseph Kost; assessor, Thomas McCallough; trustees, W. J. Mullen, Frank Kasper and James Geary.

Oxford Township.-J. P., Geo. Rentz and W. H. Cotton; constables, John Berline, John Gamble; clerk, S. M. Stouffer; assessor, A. F. Bosworth; trustee, John Masten, J. Sherlock, James Hardy.

Penn Township.-J. P., Nathan Owens, T. R. Hackett; consatbles, J. F. Price, T. R. Largents; clerk, H. A. White; assessor, S. B. Myers; trustees, Abe Albright, P. Long, Isaac Myers.

Pleasant Valley Township.-J. P., Lewis Miller and Abe Rarick; constables, John Hall and Joseph Hart; clerk, Melvin Smith; assessor, Jas. S. Wilson; trustees, Geo. W. Loan, G. B. DeSellem, A. Oathout.

Scott.--J. P., J. T. Struble, W. W. Thompson; constables, J. J. Parrott, Jr., Geo. Stagg; clerk, A. (). Price; assessor, Thos. B. Allen; trustees, A. C. Whitacre, John Paulus, Emory Wescott.

Sharon Township.-J. P., T. D. Davis, Geo. W. Wagner; constables, B. B. Hughes, E. Stickler; clerk, J. S. Weeber; assessor, G. A. Yoder; trustees, Jno. T. Jones, J. Durst, R. Johnson.

Union Township.-J. P., Jeremiah Nolan, Michael Wagner; constables, Louis Rohret, Henry Weeber; clerk, John J. Bradley; assessor, Peter Rohret; trustees, T. O. Thomas, D. R. Lewis, H. Herring.

Washington Township.-J. P., Wm. Haines, J. H. McKray; constables, John Archer, Wm. Hamilton; clerk, Peter Kettles; assessor, M. Zimmerman; trustees, Wilson Murphy, Isaac Graham, D. F. Rogers.

COUNTY OFFICERS.

Auditor, A. Medowell; sheriff, John Coldren; clerk, Stephen Bradley; treasurer, Hugh McGovern; recorder, J. J. Hatz; surveyor, Ed. Worden; county superintendent, Wilson Blaine; coroner, Will Hohenschuh; board of supervisors, Jas. B. Strang, Bruce Patterson, Geo. Ulch, Frank Tanner, John Doerres; county physician, A. C. Rockey; county attorney, Samuel H. Fairall.

Township Histories.

BIG GROVE TOWNSHIP.

On April 9, 1845, by the county board it was—

Ordered, That township No. 81 north, of range No. 6 west, be and the same is hereby established as a civil township, in Johnson county, and shall be known as "Big Grove township:" That the first election for the organization of said township shall be held at the "Big Grove school house," in said township, on the first Monday of April, 1846.

Prior to this date, this territory was included first, in election precinct No. 2, and afterward in Big Grove precinct; for we find, January 9, 1842,

it was

Ordered, That the place of holding elections in the second election precinct be removed from the house of Hamilton H. Kerr, to the town of Solon in said precinct.

On April 5, 1843, the above named "second election precinct first mentioned in the county records as Big Grove precinct. [See chapter on "Earliest Civil Subdivisions."]

WHISKY AGENCY IN BIG GROVE.

On this day, to-wit, April 6, 1857, it is—

Ordered by the county court, that the agency for the sale of intoxicating liquors in the township of Big Grove be and the same is hereby discontinued and suppressed. Whereupon Presley Connelly, the agent, made settlement, and it was found that there was a balance in his hands of the sum of $153 due the county, which was ordered to be paid into the treasury.

CLERK'S REPORT.

M. S. Shircliff, clerk of Solon city, furnishes the following report: Big Grove township was organized in 1845. The first board of trustees were D. D. Smith, Warner Stiles and Warner Spurrier. The first clerk was Charles Connelly, and Warner Spurrier was the first assessor. The first official meetings were held at Warren Stiles' house. Jesse McGrew taught the first school; the first schoolhouse was built of logs, and was located on Mill creek, about a mile southwest of Solon. The cemetery was first used used in 1840, and is yet in use. The first person buried there was Oscar Allen. There are eight independent school districts in the township, and eight road districts. The present trustees are M. Corregan, A. W. Benton and Jacob Kessler. Clerk, J. N. Devalt. [1882.]

There is only one postoffice in the township, that of Solon, of which C. G. Swafford is postmaster since July. Before that Mrs. M. McCune held the office.