or higher tonnage duties or port charges in such cases than would be paid by national vessels in like circumstances; and they shall be permitted to load in like manner at different ports in the same voyage outwards.

The citizens of either country shall also have the unrestrained right to travel in any part of the possessions of the other, and shall in all cases enjoy the same security and protection as the natives of the country in which they reside, on condition of their submitting to the laws, decrees, and ordinances there prevailing. They shall not be called upon for any forced loan or occasional contribution, nor shall they be liable to any embargo, or to be detained with their vessels, cargoes, merchandise, goods, or effects, for any military expedition, or for any public purpose whatsoever, without being allowed therefor a full and sufficient indemnification, which shall in all cases be agreed upon and paid in advance.

ARTICLE 4.

All kinds of produce, manufactures, or merchandise of any foreign country which can, from time to time, be lawfully imported into the United States in their own vessels, may be also imported in vessels of the Republic of Bolivia; and no higher or other duties upon the tonnage of the vessel and her cargo shall be levied and collected, whether the importation be made in the vessels of the one country or of the other; and in like manner, all kinds of produce, manufactures, and merchandise of any foreign country that can be, from time to time, lawfully imported into the Republic of Bolivia in its own vessels, whether in her ports upon the Pacific, or her ports upon the tributaries of the Amazon or La Plata, may be also imported in vessels of the United States; and no higher or other duties upon the tonnage of the vessel and her cargo shall be levied or collected, whether the importation be made in vessels of the one country or of the other. And they agree that what may be lawfully exported or re-exported from the one country in its own vessels, to any foreign country, may, in like manner, be exported or re-exported in the vessels of the other country; and the same bounties, duties, and drawbacks shall be allowed and collected, whether such exportation or re-exportation be made in vessels of the United States or of the Republic of Bolivia. In all these respects the vessels and their cargoes of the one country, in the ports of the other, shall, also, be on an equal footing with those of the most favored nation. It being further understood, that these principles shall apply, whether the vessels shall have cleared directly from the ports of the nation to which they appertain, or from the ports of any other nation.

ARTICLE 5.

For the better understanding of the preceding article, and taking into consideration the actual state of the commercial marine of the Republic of Bolivia, it is stipulated and agreed, that all vessels belonging exclusively to a citizen or citizens of said Republic, and whose captain is also a citizen of the same, though the construction or the crew are or may be foreign, shall be considered, for all the objects of this treaty, as a Bolivian vessel.

ARTICLE 6.

No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the United States of any articles, the produce or manufactures of the Republic of Bolivia, and no higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the Republic of Bolivia of any articles, the produce or manufactures of the United States, than are or shall be payable on the like articles, being the produce or manufactures of any other country; nor shall any higher or other duties or charges be imposed, in either of the two countries, on the exportation of any articles to the United States or to the Republic of Bolivia, respectively, than such as are payable on the exportation of the like articles to any other foreign country; nor shall any prohibitions be imposed on the exportation or importation of any articles the produce or manufactures of the United States or of the Republic of Bolivia, to or from the territories of the United States, or to or from the territories of the Republic of Bolivia, which shall not equally extend to all other nations.

ARTICLE 7.

It is likewise agreed that it shall be wholly free for all merchants, commanders of ships, and other citizens of either country, to manage themselves, their own business, in all the ports and places subject to the jurisdiction of the other, as well with respect to the consignment and sale of their goods and merchandise by wholesale or retail, as with respect to the loading, unloading, and sending off their ships; they being in all these cases to be treated as citizens of the country in which they reside, or, at least, to be placed on a footing with the citizens or subjects of the most favored nation.

ARTICLE 8.

The Republic of Bolivia, desiring to increase the intercourse between the Pacific ports, by means of steam navigation, engages to accord to any citizen or citizens of the United States, who may establish a line of steam vessels, to navigate regularly between the different ports and bays of the coasts of the Bolivian territory, the same privileges of taking in and landing freight and cargo, entering the by-ports for the purpose of receiving and landing passengers and their baggage and money, carrying the public mails, establishing depots for coal, erecting the necessary machine and work shops for repairing and refitting the steam vessels, and all other favors enjoyed by any other association or company whatsoever of the same character. It is furthermore understood between the two high contracting parties, that the steam vessels of either shall not be subject, in the ports of the other party to any duties of tonnage, harbor, or other similar duties whatsoever, than those that are or may be paid by any other association or company.

ARTICLE 9.

Whenever the citizens of either of the contracting parties shall be forced to seek refuge or asylum in the rivers, ports, or dominions of the other with their vessels, whether merchant or of war, through stress of weather, pursuit of pirates or enemies, they shall be received and treated with humanity; giving to them all favor and protection for repairing their ships, and placing themselves in a situation to continue their voyage, without obstacles or hinderance of any kind. And the provisions of this article shall apply to privateers or private vessels

of war, as well as public, until the two high contracting parties may relinquish the right of that mode of warfare, in consideration of the general relinquishment of the right of capture of private property upon the high seas.

ARTICLE 10.

When any vessel belonging to the citizens of either of the contracting parties shall be wrecked, or shall suffer any damage, in the seas, rivers, or channels within the dominions of the other, there shall be given to them all assistance and protection, in the same manner which is usual and customary with the vessels of the nation where the damage happens, permitting them to unload the said vessel, if necessary, of its merchandise, and effects, without exacting for it any duty, impost, or contribution whatever.

ARTICLE 11.

All the ships, merchandise, and the effects belonging to the citizens of one of the contracting parties, which may be captured by pirates, whether within the limits of its jurisdiction or on the high seas, and may be carried or found in the rivers, roads, bays, ports, or dominions of the other, shall be delivered up to the owners, they proving, in due form, their rights before the competent tribunals; it being well understood, that the claim should be made within the term of one year, by the parties themselves, their attorneys, or agents of their respective Governments.

ARTICLE 12.

The citizens of each of the contracting parties shall have power to dispose of their personal goods within the jurisdiction of the other, by sale, donation, testament, or otherwise, and their representatives, being citizens of the other party, shall succeed to their said personal goods, whether by testament, or ab intestato, and they may take possession thereof, either by themselves or others acting for them, and dispose of the same at their will, paying such duties only as the inhabitants of the country where such goods are, shall be subject to pay in like cases. And if in the case of real estate, the said heirs would be prevented from entering into the possession of the inheritance on account of their character of aliens, there shall be granted to them the longest period allowed by the law, to dispose of the same as they may think proper, and to withdraw the proceeds without molestation, nor any other charges than those which are imposed by the laws of the country.

ARTICLE 13.

Both the contracting parties promise and engage, formally, to give their special protection to the persons and property of the citizens of each other, of all occupations, who may be in the territories subject to the jurisdiction of the one or the other, transient or dwelling therein, leaving open and free to them the tribunals of justice, for their judicial recourse, on the same terms which are usual and customary with the natives of the country; for which they may employ, in defence of their rights, such advocates, solicitors, notaries, agents and factors, as they may judge proper, in all their trials at law; and such citizens or agents shall have free opportunity to be present at the accusations and sentences of the tribunals, in all cases which may concern them; and likewise at the taking of all examinations and evidence which

may be exhibited on the said trials, in the manner established by the laws of the country. If the citizens of one of the contracting parties, in the territory of the other, engage in internal political questions, they shall be subject to the same measures of punishment and precaution as the citizens of the country where they reside.

ARTICLE 14.

The citizens of the two contracting parties shall enjoy the full liberty of conscience in the countries subject to the jurisdiction of the one or the other, without being disturbed or molested on account of their religious opinions, provided they respect the laws and established customs of the country. And the bodies of the citizens of the one who may die in the territory of the other shall be interred in the public cemeteries, or in other decent places of burial, which shall be protected from all violation or insult, by the local authorities.

ARTICLE 15.

It shall be lawful for the citizens of the United States of America, and of the Republic of Bolivia, to sail with their ships, with all manner of liberty and security, no distinction being made who are the proprietors of the merchandises laden thereon, from any port, to the places of those who now are, or hereafter shall be, at enmity with either of the contracting parties. It shall, likewise, be lawful for the citizens aforesaid to sail with their ships and merchandises before mentioned, and to trade with the same liberty and security, not only from places and ports of those who are enemies of both, or either party, to the ports of the other, and to neutral places, but also from one place belonging to an eneiny, to another place belonging to an enemy, whether they be under the jurisdiction of one power, or of several.

ARTICLE 16.

The two high contracting parties recognise as permanent and immutable the following principles, to wit:

1st That free ships make free goods--that is to say, that the effects or goods belonging to subjects or citizens of a Power or State at war are free from capture or confiscation when found on board of neutral vessels, with the exception of articles contraband of war.

24 That the property of neutrals on board an enemy's vessel is not subject to confiscation, unless the same be contraband of war.

The like neutrality shall be extended to persons who are on board a neutral ship, with this effect, that, although, they may be enemies to both, or either party, they are not to be taken out of that ship, unless they are officers or soldiers, and in the actual service of the enemies. The contracting parties engage to apply these principles to the commerce and navigation of all such Powers and States as shall consent to adopt them as permanent and immutable.

ARTICLE 17.

This liberty of navigation and commerce shall extend to all kinds of merchandise, excepting those only which are distinguished by the name of contraband of war; and under this name shall be comprehended:

1st Cannons, mortars, howitzers, swivels, blunderbusses, muskets, fuses, rifles, carbines, pistols, pikes, swords, sabers, lances, spears,

halbreds and grenades, bombs, powder, matches, balls, and all other things belonging to the use of these arms.

24 Bucklers, helmets, breastplates, coats of mail, infantry-belts, and clothes made up in the form and for a military use.

3d Cavalry-belts, and horses with their furniture.

4th And, generally, all kinds of arms offensive and defensive, and instruments of iron, steel, brass, and copper, or any other materials, manufactured, prepared, and formed expressly to make war by sea or

land.

ARTICLE 18.

All other merchandises and things not comprehended in the articles of contraband explicitly enumerated and classified as above, shall be held and considered as free, and subjects of free and lawful commerce, so that they may be carried and transported in the freest manner, by the citizens of both the contracting parties, even to places belonging to an enemy; excepting, only, those places which are, at that time, besieged or blockaded; and to avoid ail doubt in this particular, it is declared, that those places or ports only are besieged or blockaded, which are actually attacked by a belligerent force capable of preventing the entry of the neutral.

ARTICLE 19.

The articles of contraband before enumerated and classified, which may be found in a vessel bound to an enemy's port, shall be subject to detention and confiscation, leaving free the rest of the cargo and the ship, that the owners may dispose of them as they see proper. No vessel of either of the two nations shall be detained on the high seas on account of having on board articles of contraband, whenever the master, captain, or supercargo of said vessel will deliver up the articles of contraband to the captor, unless the quantity of such articles be so great, or of so large a bulk, that they cannot be received on board the capturing ship without great inconvenience; but in this, as well as all other cases of just detention, the vessel detained shall be sent to the nearest convenient and safe port for trial and judgment according to law.

ARTICLE 20.

And whereas it frequently happens that vessels sail for a port or places belonging to an enemy without knowing that the same is besieged, blockaded, or invested, it is agreed, that every vessel so circumstanced may be turned away from such port or place, but shall not be detained, nor shall any part of her cargo, if not contraband, be confiscated, unless, after warning of such blockade or investment, from any officer commanding a vessel of the blockading forces, they shall again attempt to enter; but she shall be permitted to go to any other port or place she shall think proper. Nor shall any vessel of either, that may have entered into such port before the same was actually besieged, blockaded, or invested, by the other, be restrained from quitting such place with her cargo; nor, if found therein after the reduction and surrender, shall such vessel or her cargo be liable to confiscation, but they shall be restored to the owners thereof.

ARTICLE 21.

In order to prevent all kinds of disorder in the visiting and examination of the ships and cargoes of both the contracting parties, on the