Senate, any number may adjourn and compel attendance of absentees....... may determine its rules................... may punish or expel a member......... shall keep a journal, and publish the same, except shall not adjourn for more than three days, nor to any effect of their judgment on impeachment... compensation to be ascertained by law.. 1 Senators and representatives, elections of, how prescribed....... 1 Speech, freedom of (1st amendment)................................... entering into treaty, alliance, or confederation.......... 1 4 1 10 1 39 making any thing a tender but gold and silver coin.... keeping troops or ships of war in time of peace......... States, new, may be admitted into the Union.............. may be formed within the jurisdiction of others, or by the junction of two or more, with the consent of Congress and the legislatures concerned................. 4 State judges bound to consider treaties, the Constitution, and the laws under it, as supreme........... State, every, guaranteed a republican form of government, protected by United States........ .................................. Supreme Court. (See Court and Judiciary.) Tax, direct, according to representation......... T 1 shall be laid only in proportion to census....................... 1 9 Tax on exports prohibited......... Tender, what shall be a legal..................... 1 10 2660 3 33 4 39 1 9 5 39 1 39 cerning..... Titles. (See Nobility.) Treason, defined........... Territory or public property, Congress may make rules con Test, religious, shall not be required.......................... Title from foreign State prohibited................. two witnesses, or confession, necessary for convic- punishment of, may be prescribed by Congress....... Treasury, money drawn from, only by appropriation......................... Treaties, how made. Vacancies happening during the recess may be filled temporarily by the President........ in representation in Congress, how filled............. 1 Veto of the President, effect of, and proceedings on......................................... Vice-President of the U. S. to be President of the Senate....... 1 how elected............................................. 12th amendment......... 112 shall, in certain cases, discharge Vote of one house requiring concurrence of the other....... 221 War, Congress to declare........ W Warrants for searches and seizures, when and how they shall issue, (4th amendment)....... Witness, in, criminal cases, no one compelled to be, against, himself, (5th amendment)... Weights and measures, standard of......... . 2 1 8 10 38 : : 00 8 6 37 ..... 1 5 3 36 ORIGINAL RULES AND ARTICLES OF WAR. IN CONGRESS-September 20, 1776. Resolved, That from and after the publication of the following articles, in the respective armies of the United States, the rules and articles by which the said armies have heretofore been governed,' shall be, and they are hereby repealed. SECTION I.2 ARTICLE 1. That every officer who shall be retained in the army of the United States, shall, at the time of his acceptance of his commission, subscribe these rules and regulations. ART. 2. It is earnestly recommended to all officers and soldiers diligently to attend divine service: and all officers and soldiers who shall behave indecently, or irreverently, at any place of divine worship, shall, if commissioned officers, be brought before a general court-martial, there to be publicly and severely reprimanded by the president; if non-commissioned officers or soldiers, every person so offending shall, for his first offence, forfeit one-sixth of a dollar, to be deducted out of his next pay; for the second offence, he shall not only forfeit a like sum, but be confined for twenty-four hours; and, for every like offence, shall suffer and pay in like manner; which money, so forfeited, shall be applied to the use of the sick soldiers of the troop or company to which the offender belongs. ART. 3. Whatsoever non-commissioned officer or soldier shall use any profane oath or execration, shall incur the penalties expressed in the foregoing article; and if a commissioned officer be thus guilty of profane cursing or swearing, he shall forfeit and pay, for each and every such offence, two-thirds of a dollar. ART. 4. Every chaplain who is commissioned to a regiment, company, troop, or garrison, and shall absent himself from the said regiment, company, troop, or garrison, (excepting in case of sickness or leave of absence) shall be brought to a court-martial, and be fined not exceeding one month's pay, besides the loss of his pay, during his absence, or be discharged, as the said court-martial shall judge most proper. SECTION II. ART. 1. Whatsoever officer or soldier shall presume to use traitorous or disrespectful words against the authority of the United States in Congress 1 See Resolutions of 30th June and 7th November, 1775. 2 These rules and articles, with their supplements, were adopted for the army of the United States, under the constitution, and remained in force till 1806, when they were repealed and supplied by sec. 3, chap. 20, April 10, 1806. assembled, or the legislature of any of the United States in which he may be quartered, if a commissioned officer, he shall be cashiered; if a noncommissioned officer or soldier, he shall suffer such punishment as shall be inflicted upon him by the sentence of a court-martial. ART. 2. Any officer or soldier who shall behave himself with contempt or disrespect towards the general, or other commander-in-chief of the forces of the United States, or shall speak words tending to his hurt or dishonor, shall be punished according to the nature of his offence, by the judgment of a court-martial. ART. 3. Any officer or soldier who shall begin, excite, cause or join in any mutiny or sedition, in the troop, company, or regiment to which he belongs, or in any other troop or company in the service of the United States, or in any part, post, detachment, or guard, on any pretence whatsoever, shall suffer death, or such other punishment as by a court-martial shall be inflicted. ART. 4. Any officer, non-commissioned officer, or soldier, who, being present at any mutiny or sedition, does not use his utmost endeavor to suppress the same, or coming to the knowledge of any intended mutiny, does not, without delay, give information thereof to his commanding officer, shall be punished by a court-martial with death, or otherwise, according to the nature of the offence. ART. 5. Any officer or soldier who shall strike his superior officer, or draw, or shall lift up any weapon, or offer any violence against him, being in the execution of his office, on any pretence whatsoever, or shall disobey any lawful command of his superior officer, shall suffer death, or such other punishment as shall, according to the nature of his offence, be inflicted upon him by the sentence of a court-martial. SECTION III. ART. 1. Every non-commissioned officer and soldier, who shall enlist himself in the service of the United States, shall at the time of his so enlisting, or within six days afterwards, have the articles for the govern-. ment of the forces of the United States read to him, and shall, by the officer who enlisted him, or by the commanding officer of the troop or company into which he was enlisted, be taken before the next justice of the peace, or chief magistrate of any city or town corporate, not being an officer of the army, or, where recourse cannot be had to the civil magistrate, before the judge advocate, and in his presence, shall take the following oath, or affirmation, if conscientiously scrupulous about taking an oath: I swear, or affirm, (as the case may be,) to be true to the United States of America, and to serve them honestly and faithfully against all their enemies or opposers whatsoever; and to observe and obey the orders of the Continental Congress, and the orders of the generals and officers set over me by them. Which justice or magistrate is to give the officer a certificate, signifying that the man enlisted, did take the said oath or affirmation. ART. 2. After a non-commissioned officer or soldier shall have been duly enlisted and sworn, he shall not be dismissed the service without a discharge in writing; and no discharge granted to him, shall be allowed of as sufficient, which is not signed by a field officer of the regiment into which he was enlisted, or commanding officer, where no field officer of the regi ment is in the same state. SECTION IV. ART. 1. Every officer commanding a regiment, troop, or company, shall, upon the notice given to him by the commissary of musters, or from one of his deputies, assemble the regiment, troop, or company under his command, in the next convenient place for their being mustered. ART. 2. Every colonel or other field officer commanding the regiment, troop or company, and actually residing with it, may give furloughs to non-commissioned officers and soldiers, in such numbers, and for so long a time, as he shall judge to be most consistent with the good of the service; but no non-commissioned officer or soldier shall, by leave of his captain, or inferior officer, commanding the troop or company (his field officer not being present) be absent above twenty days in six months, nor shall more than two private men be absent at the same time from their troop or company, excepting some extraordinary occasion shall require it, of which occasion the field officer, present with, and commanding the regiment, is to be the judge. ART. 3. At every muster, the commanding officer of each regiment, troop, or company, there present, shall give to the commissary, certificates, signed by himself, signifying how long such officers, who shall not appear at the said muster, have been absent, and the reason of their absence; in like manner, the commanding officer of every troop or company shall give certificates, signifying the reasons of the absence of the non-commissioned officers and private soldiers; which reasons, and time of absence, shall be inserted in the muster rolls opposite to the names of the respective absent officers and soldiers: The said certificates shall, together with the muster rolls, be remitted by the commissary to the Congress, as speedily as the distance of place will admit. ART. 4. Every officer who shall be convicted before a general court-martial of having signed a false certificate, relating to the absence of either officer or private soldier, shall be cashiered. ART. 5. Every officer who shall knowingly make a false muster of man or horse, and every officer or commissary who shall willingly sign, direct, or allow the signing of the muster rolls, wherein such false muster is contained, shall, upon proof made thereof by two witnesses before a general court-martial, be cashiered, and shall be thereby utterly disabled to have or hold any office or employment in the service of the United States. ART. 6. Any commissary who shall be convicted of having taken money, or any other thing, by way of gratification, on the mustering any regiment, troop, or company, or on the signing the muster rolls, shall be displaced from his office, and shall be thereby utterly disabled to have or hold any office or employment under the United States. ART. 7. Any officer who shall presume to muster any person as a soldier, who is, at other times, accustomed to wear a livery, or who does not actually do his duty as a soldier, shall be deemed guilty of having made a false muster, and shall suffer accordingly. SECTION V. ART. 1. Every officer who shall knowingly make a false return to the Congress, or any committee thereof, to the commander-in-chief of the forces of the United States, or to any, his superior officer, authorized to call for such returns, of the state of the regiment, troop, or company, or garrison, |