Lauder Brunton was read by title; then Professor Lannelongue held forth on the "Therapeutics of Tuberculosis from a surgical standpoint. In the evening was announced a general reunion of all the members of the Congress in the great Commercial Arcade, a most magnificent entertainment attended by all the Congress and their friends and enlivened by several military bands, a full orchestra, a choir of Russian peasants, gypsies and a company of Cossacks, the proceedings terminating by the band playing national airs in which all the audience joined in singing to the best of their ability.

The next day section work commenced in earnest. The Congress was divided into fourteen sections: Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology and Pathological Anatomy, General Therapeutics, Diseases of the Internal Organs, Diseases of Children, Diseases of the Nervous System and Mental Diseases, Dermatology, Surgery including Dentistry, Military Medicine, Opthalmology, Diseases of the Ear and Throat, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Hygiene, Public Health and Sanitary Science.

Many of these were sub-divided into sub-sections for convenience in discussion. The meetings were held in the various rooms of the University, not far from the general meeting-place, and were fully attended and closely followed. There was little new to be noted in the procedure. The President and Secretary and other officials performed their functions precisely as is done in the Hartford County Medical Society; except that the members spoke in French, German or English, one would note no difference from our own meetings here. The Russian language was not used during the Congress.

The second general session was held on the 22d of August, as before at the Opera House, but not being ornamented by the presence of the Grand Duke no res trictions were placed upon all appearing in such gar ments as they had with them. Professor Crafft-Ebing,

eases.

of Vienna, read a long and interesting essay on "The Causation of Progressive Paralysis," drawing attention in particular to the rôle played by syphilis in those disProfessor Senn of Chicago spoke on the "Classification and Surgical Treatment of Acute Peritonitis," and was well received and applauded; Professor Metchnikoff on "The Plague," and Professor Robert on "The Characteristics of Human Pathology in its Relation to Treatment." The average work of the sections was usually finished early in the afternoon; then the members gave themselves up to sight-seeing, visiting the many points of interest in Moscow, as well as the public institutions, hospitals, foundling asylums, insane asylums, etc., where special facilities for inspection were granted.

The small badge of membership of the Congress proved to be a key which opened all doors in the city of Moscow. All of us were treated with immense consideration and courtesy. By special orders of the government, museums, palaces, treasuries, monasteries, churches-all objects of interest-were held open and free for all members of the Congress, and nothing could exceed the courtesy and kindness shown by the citizens as well as the officials in their treatment of us. The entertainments given by the municipality and by the physicians of the city were on a scale of magnitude far beyond any we had ever seen. There was a special committee of the ladies of the city, sitting in permanent session to receive, entertain and provide for the amusement in every way of the ladies accompanying the visitors. On the second evening there was a grand promenade concert given by the physicians of the city in honor of their guests which included a full orchestral program and many solos by celebrated artists, all being given in a beautiful concert garden on the outskirts of the city. There was also a large ball, a sacred concert by the trained choirs of two of the largest churches of the city, and finally, but too late for most

of our party to attend, a grand garden party by the Grand Duke and Duchess at their summer palace on the outskirts of the city. Special arrangements were also made by the railway authorities for excursions to various suburbs, to the Monastery of Saint Serge, to Nijni Novgorod, and special round-trip tickets were arranged for long excursions to the Caucasus Mountains, to the Crimea and to Petersburg and return. Most of the members present formed themselves in small groups, and as time afforded visited the various sights during their ten days' stay in the city.

The last general session was held again in the Opera House and was opened by Professor von Leyden, of Berlin, on "The Treatment of Tuberculosis"; Professor Lombroso, of Turin, on "The New Views and the New Application of Psychiatry," and finally, Professor Loukianov on "The Starvation of Cell Nucleus."

At the close of the general meeting the Congress was declared adjourned until their meeting in Paris in 1900. It is quite impossible in any reasonable time to attempt any résumé of the papers read or of the subjects treated. The greater number of papers and the most active discussion took place in the section of the Diseases of the Nervous System, where one hundred and eighteen papers were read and discussed, and the section on Surgery where one hundred and forty-four papers and discussions took place. Much interest was excited in the section on Sanitation by reports from various parts of the world on the various methods of filtration of drinking-water and the purification of sewage. Modern scientific methods in this department are now in force in nearly all of the larger continental cities, and in that particular our own country stands far in the rear of continental Europe. In surgery we need fear no comparison. Our methods, our technique and our results are admitted by competent judges to be equal to any. The same may

be said of diseases of the internal organs, diseases of children and in the specialties. In the more scientific branches, however, in psychology, physiology, pathology and bacteriology we must still go to the Germans, to the French, to the Russians, and even to the Japanese, for the latest developments in their respective branches. Of the hospitals and public institutions we visited I can only say they are as perfect as unlimited money and the best technical skill of the country can afford. Nothing could be finer, more complete in every detail, more luxurious even, than the new hospital now being completed in Moscow, or the new insane asylum which is just outside the city. This asylum was provided not only with completely equipped buildings for the care of patients, but a perfectly appointed library and reading rooms for the medical staff, a complete outfit for bathing, application of electricity, and for the treatment of their patients. The great Foundling Asylum in Moscow is an enormous institution, receiving annually some twentyfive thousand foundlings, and in its detail, management and organization shows the highest technical skill as well as wisely administered charity.

Of the few cities we saw in Russia, namely, Warsaw, Moscow and St. Petersburg, Moscow was by far the most picturesque, the most interesting and the most progressive. It is now in a state of transition. An ancient Asiatic town, resembling in many respects Constantinople in its buildings and general appearance, is being rapidly transformed into a modern continental city with asphalt pavements, complete sewage system, improved water supply, electric lights, telephones and all the accessories of modern civilization. Once convinced of the necessity or desirability of any radical change, the Russians carry it logically through, sparing neither money, men, nor time to make their end perfect.

While the memory of the Congress itself and the scien

tific work there done may perhaps fade only to be revived when the Transactions are re-searched for some special topic or discussion, I think none of the eight thousand visitors who visited Moscow in the summer of 1897, will ever forget the city as it then appeared, the people and their sturdy national customs, their openhearted hospitality and their impossible language, and hope for the time to come when the members of the International Medical Congress can again become the guests of the Russian people.

Dr. W. T. Browne of Norwich then read a very interesting paper on Therapeutic Effects of Electricity of High Tension.

The hour of five having arrived, the meeting adjourned to the Medical College, where, according to the program of the Business Committee, Dr. M. C. White illustrated an electric lantern of his own device and, assisted by Doctors Ferris and Swain, showed some very clear and beautiful miero-photographs upon the screen. This closed the business and literary exercises of the day.

In the evening Dr. Thomas H. Russell, assisted by Mrs. Russell and other ladies, delightfully entertained the members of the Society from eight to eleven, at his residence, 137 and 139 Elm street.

THURSDAY, MAY 26.

The meeting was called to order by the President at 10 A. M.

The first paper read was the Dissertation by Dr. F. L. Loomis, who took for his subject, Favorite Therapeutics. After the short discussion which followed, the President announced that it was now time to receive the delegates from other Societies:

Gentlemen.-We give you a hearty greeting. We are something like the ancient dame who lived near the field of Waterloo. At the time of the battle she only