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ation of institutions, when desirable, without reference to the number of inmates.

Any supervisor of census may, with the approval of the Director of the Census, remove any enumerator in his district and fill the vacancy thus caused or otherwise occurring. Whenever it shall appear that any portion of the census provided for in this Act has been negligently or improperly taken, and is by reason thereof incomplete or erroneous, the Director of the Census may cause such incomplete and unsatisfactory enumeration and census to be amended or made anew.

Removal, etc.,
Ibid., sec. 14.

of enumerators.

Amending in

correct returns.

Ibid., sec. 15.

The Director of the Census may authorize and direct Interpreters. supervisors of census to employ interpreters to assist the enumerators of their respective districts in the enumeration of persons not speaking the English language, but no authorization shall be given for such employment in any district until due and proper effort has been made to secure an enumerator who can speak the language or languages for which the services of an interpreter would otherwise be required. The compensation Pay. of such interpreters shall be fixed by the Director of the Census in advance, and shall not exceed five dollars per day for each day actually and necessarily employed.

Pay of enumer

ators.

Ibid., sec. 16.

Fixed rate.

The compensation of enumerators shall be determined by the Director of the Census as follows: In subdivisions where he shall deem such remuneration sufficient, an allowance of not less than two nor more than four cents for each inhabitant; not less than twenty nor more than thirty cents for each farm reported; ten cents for each barn and inclosure containing live stock not on farms, and not less than twenty nor more than thirty cents for each establishment of productive industry reported. In other subdivisions the Direc- Mixed rate. tor of the Census may fix a mixed rate of not less than one nor more than two dollars per day and, in addition, an allowance of not less than one nor more than three cents for each inhabitant enumerated, and not less than fifteen nor more than twenty cents for each farm and each establishment of productive industry reported. In other subdivisions per diem rates shall be fixed by Per diem rates. the Director according to the difficulty of enumeration, having special reference to the regions to be canvassed and the sparsity of settlement or other considerations pertinent thereto. The compensation allowed to an Limitation. enumerator in any such district shall be not less than three nor more than six dollars per day of eight hours actual field work, and no payment shall be made for time in excess of eight hours for any one day. The subdivi- Designation of

rates.

sions or enumeration districts to which the several rates
of compensation shall apply shall be designated by the
Director of the Census at least two weeks in advance of
the enumeration. No claim for mileage or traveling Mileage
expenses shall be allowed any enumerator in either class penses.
of subdivisions, except in extreme cases, and then only

and traveling ex

Payment services of

ees.

Ibid., sec. 17.

for

de

when authority has been previously granted by the Director of the Census; and the decision of the Director as to the amount due any enumerator shall be final.

In the event of the death of any supervisor or ceased appoint- enumerator after his appointment and entrance on his duties, the Director of the Census is authorized to pay to his widow or his legal representative such sum as he may deem just and fair for the services rendered by such supervisor or enumerator.

Oath.

Ibid., sec. 19.

etc., solely for fit

ness.

Commencement completion

and

Ibid., sec. 20.

[For sec. 18, see p. 41.]

Every supervisor, supervisor's clerk, enumerator, interpreter, special agent, or other employee shall take and subscribe to an oath or affirmation, to be prescribed Appointments, by the Director of the Census. All appointees and employees provided for in this Act shall be appointed or employed, and examined, if examination is required by this Act, solely with reference to their fitness to perform the duties required of them by the provisions of this Act, and without reference to their political party affiliations. The enumeration of the population required by secof enumeration. tion one of this Act shall be taken as of the fifteenth day of April; and it shall be the duty of each enumerator to commence the enumeration of his district on that day, unless the Director of the Census in his discretion shall defer the enumeration in said district by reason of climatic or other conditions which would materially interfere with the proper conduct of the work; but in any event it shall be the duty of each enumerator to prepare Defective, etc., the returns hereinbefore required to be made, except those relating to paupers, prisoners, juvenile delinquents, insane, feeble-minded, blind, deaf and dumb, and inmates of benevolent institutions, and to forward the same to the supervisor of his district, within thirty days from the commencement of the enumeration of his district: Provided, That in any city having five thousand inhabitants or more under the preceding census the enumeration of the population shall be commenced on the fifteenth day of April aforesaid and shall be completed within two weeks thereafter.

classes.

Cities.

receiving fee for

etc.

Ibid., sec. 21.

Punishment for If any person shall receive or secure to himself appointments, any fee, reward, or compensation as a consideration for the appointment or employment of any person as supervisor, enumerator or clerk or other employee, or shall in any way receive or secure to himself any part of the compensation paid to any supervisor, enumerator or clerk or other employee, he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not more than three thousand dollars and be imprisoned not more than five years.

Penalty for refusing, etc., infor

[For sec. 22, see p. 42.]

It shall be the duty of all persons over twenty-one mation to offi- years of age when requested by the Director of the Census, or by any supervisor, enumerator, or special agent, or other employee of the Census Office, acting under the

cials.

Ibid., sec. 23.

instructions of the said Director, to answer correctly, to the best of their knowledge, all questions on the census schedules applying to themselves and to the family to which they belong or are related, and to the farm or farms of which they or their families are the occupants; and any person over twenty-one years of age who, under the conditions herein before stated, shall refuse or willfully neglect to answer any of these questions, or shall willfully give answers that are false, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not exceeding one hundred dollars.

And it shall be the duty of every owner, proprietor, from hotels, etc. manager, superintendent, or agent of a hotel, apartment house, boarding or lodging house, tenement, or other building, when requested by the Director of the Census, or by any supervisor, enumerator, special agent, or other employee of the Census Office, acting under the instructions of the said Director, to furnish the names of the occupants of said hotel, apartment house, boarding or lodging house, tenement, or other building, and to give thereto free ingress and egress to any duly accredited representative of the Census Office, so as to permit of the collection of statistics for census purposes including the proper and correct enumeration of all persons having their usual place of abode in said hotel, apartment house, boarding or lodging house, tenement, or other building; and any owner, proprietor, manager, superintendent, Penalty for reor agent of a hotel, apartment house, boarding or lodging house, tenement, or other building who shall refuse or willfully neglect to give such information or assistance under the conditions herein before stated shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not exceeding five hundred dollars.

[For secs. 24-26, see pp. 47-48; sec. 27, p. 43; sec. 28, p. 53; sec. 29, p. 43.]

from depart

Ibid., sec. 30.

The Secretary of Commerce, whenever he may deem it, Information advisable, or on request of the Director of the Census, is ments, etc. hereby authorized to call upon any other department or office of the Government for information pertinent to the work herein provided for.

ued.

contin

Laws
Ibid., sec. 33.

[For secs. 31 and 32, see p. 48.] The Act establishing the permanent Census Office, approved March sixth, nineteen hundred and two, and Acts amendatory thereof and supplemental thereto, except as are herein amended, shall remain in full force. That the Act entitled "An Act to provide for taking the Inconsistent Twelfth and subsequent censuses," approved March third, eighteen hundred and ninety-nine, and all other laws and parts of laws inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed.

laws repealed.

UNITED STATES COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY.

The authorization of the Coast Survey in 1807 established the first scientific bureau of the Government, and as soon as the proper instruments and skilled workmen were provided and the survey was undertaken the effect produced was a stimulus to all educational and scientific work. The methods used by the Survey have been the standard for similar undertakings in the United States, and many commendations of their excellence have been received from abroad, while the influence of the Survey in the various operations resulting from the advancing scientific activity of the country can hardly be overestimated.

A survey of the coast of the United States was authorized by act of Congress of February 10, 1807, and the plans formulated by F. R. Hassler, an eminent scientist of Swiss birth, were adopted. The necessity of securing instruments from abroad and the breaking out of hostilities with Great Britain delayed the organization of the Survey under the Treasury Department until 1816. The work had just begun when, by act of April 14, 1818, Congress repealed so much of the statute of 1807 as authorized the employment of other than Army and Navy officers in the Survey.

No surveys were made under the War Department, and after a full consideration of the unsatisfactory results obtained in the survey made under the Navy Department, as repeatedly suggested by the Secretary of the Navy and others, Congress revived the law of 1807, with somewhat extended scope, by the act of July 10, 1832, and the work was again placed under the Treasury Department. Operations had hardly been resumed before President Jackson, on March 11, 1834, directed that the Survey be transferred to the Navy Department. Again the work proceeded so unsatisfactorily that in two yearsMarch 26, 1836-it was retransferred by President Jackson to the Treasury Department, where it remained until July 1, 1903, when the Coast and Geodetic Survey was placed under the supervision of the Secretary of this Department, in accordance with the act of Congress approved February 14, 1903.

By the act of March 3, 1843, prompted by suggestions of the expediency of a retransfer of the Survey to the Navy Department, Congress provided that the President should organize a board to make an intelligent and efficient inquiry for the development of a plan of permanent organization for the Survey. The report of this board, giving in detail its plan for reorganization, was approved by the

President April 29, 1843, and the work of the Survey has ever since been modeled on the lines then laid down. For fifty years prior to 1898 nearly one-half of the vessels of the Survey were manned and officered by the Navy, but since the war with Spain these duties have devolved exclusively upon the civilians of the service.

By including in the appropriation for the Coast and Geodetic Survey a provision for the pay and subsistence for officers and men for the vessels of the Survey, formerly supplied by the Navy (which provision has been continued in subsequent acts), Congress in 1900 placed the service on a purely civilian basis.

The name "Coast and Geodetic Survey" was authorized by its use in the sundry civil appropriation act approved June 20, 1878.

FIELD WORK.

The Survey is now a bureau of the Department of Commerce, and its work is under the immediate supervision of the Superintendent, whose representatives in the field are the assistants who have charge of the parties and command the vessels. The Office at Washington and the suboffices at San Francisco and Manila are under assistants. Its original and principal duty is the survey of the coast of the United States, but there have been added, by legislation, the determination of the magnetic elements, and exact elevation and geographical position of points in the interior of the country.

The scope of the Survey has also been extended from time to time to include Lake Champlain, the Pacific coast from San Diego to Panama, a transcontinental triangulation between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, and surveys of the Hawaiian Islands, Alaska, and "other coasts under the jurisdiction of the United States."

By joint resolution of February 5, 1889, the United States accepted the invitation of the Imperial German Government to become a party to the International Geodetic Association, and the delegates are by law officers of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, appointed by the President.

The use of the facilities of the Survey for research and study by scientific investigators and students of any institution of higher education is granted by law (31 Stat., 1039), and resolution of April 12, 1892.

The general continental coast line of the United States, including Alaska, measures, in extension, 11,500 miles, which is expanded by the indentations and convolutions of the littoral of its tidal rivers, islands, bays, sounds, and gulfs to 91,000 miles; and to these figures must be added, because of the recently acquired insular possessions, 5,400 miles of general coast line and 12,100 miles of detailed shore line. For the use of the mariner and surveyor the results of the Survey's operations are published in 756 charts and maps; in its Tide

76224°-13-5

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