No. 44.

Greek Protocol February 3, 1830 [referred to in page 218]. Official copy of the Conference held at London, in the Foreign Office.

Present, the Plenipotentiaries of France, Great Britain and Russia.

At the opening of the conference, the Plenipotentiaries of his Britannic Majesty, and of his most Christian Majesty, expressed to the Plenipotentiary of his Imperial Majesty, their wish to be informed in what point of view he considered the tenth article of the treaty recently signed at Adrianople, between Russia and the Ottoman Empire—an article which has respect to the affairs of Greece. The 'lenipotentiary of his Imperial Majesty declared that the tenth article of the treaty in question did not invalidate the rights of the Allies of the Emperor, shackle the deliberations of the Ministers assembled in conference at London, nor place any obstacles in the way of the arrangements which the three Courts should by common consent adjudge to be most useful, and best adapted to circumstances. After this declaration, the Plenipotentiary of his Britannic Majesty produced to the conference a joint despatch, in which the Ambassadors of Great Britain and France at Constantinople transmitted a declaration of the Porte, dated 9th of September, announcing that that the Porte, having already adhered to the Treaty of London, now promises and engages, in addition, in the presence of the Representative of the Powers-parties to the treaty aforesaid, to subscribe entirely to all the determinations which the conference at London may decrie on relative to its execution.' The reading of this document caused a unanimous recognition of the obligation which the Alliance was under, to proceed, in the first place, to the immediate establishment of an armistice by land and sea, between the Turks and Greeks It is resolved, in consequence, that the Plempotentiaries of the three Courts at Constantinople, their Residents in Greece, and the Admirals in the Archipelago, shall receive, without delay, an order to demand and obtain from the contending parties, a prompt and entire cessation of hostilities.

To this effect, instructions were agreed upon, and issued to the aforesaid P enipotentiaries and Residents, and also to the three Admirals, for the re-establishment of peace between Kussia and the Porte, permitting the Russian Admiral to take part in the operations of his colleagues of England and France. The first resolutions being agreed upon, the Members of the Conference, findig that the Ottoman declarations placed them in the position of concerting such measures as to them should appear preferable to adopt in the actual state of affairs, and being desirous of adding to the anterior dispositions of the Alliance such ameliorations as might be most conducive to the assuring new pledges for the stability of the peace about which they were employed, have, by common consent, issued the following clauses

First. Greece shall form an independent state, and shall enjoy all the rights, political, administrative, and commercial, attached to complete independence.

Second. In consideration of these advantages granted to the new State, and in deference to the wish expressed by the Porte to obtain a reduction of the frontiers fixed by the Protocol of the 22 March, the line of demarcation of the Grecian boundaries, commencing at the mouth of the River Aspropotamos, shall run up that river as high as the Lake d'Anghelo Castro, crossing which, as well as those of Vrachori and Saurovitza, it shall abut to Mount Artolina, whence it shail follow the crest of Mouat Olta, as far as the gulf of Zeitoun, whence it reaches the mouth of the Sperchio. All the lands and territories situate to the south of this line which the conference has specially indicated shall belong to Greece; and all the lands and territories to the north of the same line shall continue to form part of the Otoman empire. The whole Island of Negropont and the isles Du Diable shall equally belong to Greece, together with the island of Skyro and those anciently comprised under the name of the Cyclades, situate between 36 and 39 degrees of north latitude, and 26 and 29 degrees of longitude from the meridian of Greenwich.

Third. The Government of Greece shall be monarchical and hereditary, by order of primogeniture; it shall be confided to a Prince who shall not be selected from the reigning families of the States subscribing to the Treaty of the 6th July, 1827, and who shall bear the title of Sovereign Prince f Greece. The choice of this Prince shall be the subject of ulterior communicatians and stipulations,

Fourth. As soon as the clauses of the present Protocol shall have been communicated to the parties interested, peace between the Ottoman Empire and Greece shall be considered as ipso facto established; and the subjects of the two states shall be reciprocally treated as respects the rights of commerce and navigation, as those of other States at peace with the Ottoman Empire and

with Greece.

Fifth. Acts of Amnesty, full and entire, shall be immediately published by the Ottoman Por e nd the Greek Government.

The Act of Amnesty of the Porte shall proclaim that no Greek in the whole extent of its dominions shall be deprived of his property, or disturbed in consequence of any part he may have taken in the Greek insurrection.

The Act of Amnesty of the Greek Government shall proclaim the same principle in favor of all Mussulmans or Christians who shall have taken part against its cause; and it shall be, moreover, understood and published, that all Mussulmans who shall wish to continue to inhabit the territories and islands assigned to Greece, shall, together with their families, enjoy invariably the most perfect security.

Sixth. The Ottoman Porte shall grant to such of its Greek subjects as shall desire to quit the Turkish territory the delay of a year, for the purpose of disposing of their property, and free egress from the country. The greek Government shall afford the same liberty to the inhabitants of Greece who shall wish to transport themselves into the Turkish territories.

Seventh. All the Grecian forces, both by land and sea, shall evacuate the territories, places and islands which they may occupy beyond the line assigned as the limits of Greece in the 26 Article, and shali retire within the same line with the least possible delay. All the Turkish troops, by land and sea, which occupy territories, or places or islands comprised within the limits abovementioned, shall evacuate those islands, places and territories, and retire within the limits aforesaid, and equally with the least possible delay.

Eightn. Each of the three Courts shall retain the power assured to it by the 6th Article of the Treaty of 6th July, 1827, of guarantying, in concert, the preceding clauses. The execution of carrying into effect these different acts shall become, pursuant to the aforesaid Article, the subject of ulterior stipulations between the high contracting parties No troops belonging to either of the high contracting parties shall enter the territory of the new State without the consent of the other two subscribers to the Treaty.

Ninth. In order to avoid the collisions which can hardly fail, under existing circumstances, to arise from a contact between the Commissioners for the Greek demarcation, when they shall be engaged in tracing out the Grecian frontiers, it is agreed that this task shall be confided to British, French, and Russian Commissioners, and that each of the three Courts shall nominate one. These Commissioners, furnished with similar instructions, shall trace out the above-mentioned frontier, following with all possible accuracy the line indicated in the second article ; they shall mark this line by boundary posts, and shall draw up two papers, signed by themselves, one of which shall be transmitted to the Ottoman government, the other to that of Greece. They shall be directed to complete their labors within the space of six months. In case of any difference of opinion between the Commissioners, the majority of votes shall decide.

Tenth. The provisions of the present Protocol shall be immediately transmitted to the Otto man government by the Plenipotentiaries of the three Courts, who shall be furnished with common and joint instructions to this effect. The Residents in Greece belonging to the three Courts reserve to themselves the power of inserting the present stipulations in a formal treaty, to be signed at London, to be considered as carrying into execution that of the 6th July 1827, and to be communicated to the European Courts, with an invitation to them to accede to it, if they shall think proper.

In conclusion-Having thus reached the end of a long and difficult negociation, the three Courts congratulate each other sincerely on the perfect unanimity which has prevailed between in the midst of circumstances the most delicate and important. The maintenance of this unanimity in such moments presents the best pledge of its durability; and the three Courts flatter themselves that this union, equally firm and beneficial, will not fail to contribute to the consolidation of the peace of the whole world.

No. 45. Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, between Great Britain and Mexico. Signed at London, December 26, 1826.

In the Name of the Most Holy Trinity.

Extensive commercial intercourse having been established, for some time, between the dominions of His Britannic Majesty and the United States of Mexico, it seems good for the security, as well as the encouragement of such commercial intercourse, and for the maintenance of good understanding between His said Britannic Majesty and the said States, that the relations now subsisting between them should be regularly acknowledged and confirmed, by the signature of a Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation.

For this purpose they have named their respective Plenipotentiaries, that

is to say:

His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Right Honourable William Huskisson, a Member of His said Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, &c. and James Morier, Esq:

And His Excellency the President of the United States of Mexico, His Excellency Señor Sebastian Camacho, His First Minister of State, and for the Department of Foreign Affairs:

Who, after having communicated to each other their full powers, found to be in due and proper form, have agreed upon and concluded the following Articles:

ART. I. There shall be perpetual amity between the dominions and subjects of His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the United States of Mexico, and their citizens.

ART. II. There shall be, between all the territories of His B. Majesty in Europe and the territories of Mexico, a reciprocal freedom of commerce. The inhabitants of the two countries, respectively, shall have liberty freely and securely to come, with their ships and cargoes, to all places, ports and rivers in the territories aforesaid, saving only such particular ports to which other foreigners shall not be permitted to come, to enter into the same, and to remain and reside in any part of the said territories respectively; also to hire and occupy houses and warehouses for the purposes of their commerce; and, generally, the merchants and traders of each nation, respectively, shall enjoy the most complete protection and security for their commerce.

In like manner, the respective ships of war, and post-office packets of the two countries, shall have liberty freely and securely to come to all harbours, rivers and places, saving only such particular ports (if any) to which other foreign ships of war and packets shall not be permitted to come, to enter into the same, to anchor, and to remain there and refit; subject always to the laws and statues of the two countries, respectively.

By the right of entering the places, ports and rivers mentioned in this Article, the privilege of carrying on the coasting trade is not understood, in which national vessels only are permitted to engage.

ART.III. His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of G. Britain and

Ireland engages further, that the inhabitants of Mexico shall have the like liberty of commerce and navigation stipulated for in the preceding Article, in all his dominions situated out of Europe, to the full extent in which the same is permitted at present, or shall be permitted hereafter, to any other na

tion.

IV. No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the dominions of His Britannic Majesty, of any article of the growth, produce, or manufacture of Mexico, and no higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the territories of Mexico, of any articles of the growth, produce or manufacture, of His Britannic Majesty's dominions, than are or shall be payable on the like articles, being the growth, produce, or manufacture of any other foreign country; nor shall any other or higher duties or charges be imposed in the territories or dominions of either of the Contracting Parties, on the exportation of any articles to the territories of the other, than such as are or may be payable on the exportation of the like articles to any other foreign country; nor shall any prohibition be imposed upon the exportation of any articles the growth, produce, or minufacture of His Britannic Majesty's dominions, or of the said territories of Mexico, to or from the said territories of Mexico, which shall not equally extend to all other nations.

V. No higher or other duties or charges on account of tonnage, light or harbour dues, pilotage, salvage in case of damage or shipwreck, or any other local charges, shall be imposed, in any of the ports of Mexico, on British vessels, than those payable, in the same ports by Mexican vessels; nor in the ports of His Britannic Majesty's territories, on Mexican vessels, than shall be pavable, in the same ports, on British vessels.

VI: The same duties shall be paid on the importation into the territories of Mexico, of any article the growth, produce, or manufacture of His Britannic Majesty's dominions, whether such importation shall be in Mexican or in Bri tish vessels; and the same duties shall be paid on the importation into the dominions of His Britannic Majesty, of any article the growth, produce, or manufacture of Mexico. whether such importation shall be in British or in Mexican vessels The same duties shall be paid, and the same bounties and drawbacks allowed, on the exportation to Mexico of any articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of His Britannic Majesty's dominions, whether such exportation shall be in Mexican or in British vessels; and the same duties shall be paid, and the same bounties and drawbacks allowed, on the exportation of any articles, the growth, produce or manufacture of Mexico, to His Britannic Majesty's dominions, whether such exportation shall be in British or in Mexican vessels.

VII. In order to avoid any misunderstanding with respect to the regulations which may respectively constitute a British or Mexican vessel, it is hereby agreed that all vessels built in the dominions of His Britannic Majesty, or vessels which shall have been captured from an enemy by His Britannic

Majesty's ships of war, or by subjects of His said Majesty furnished with letters of marque by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, and regularly condemned in one of His said Majesty's Prize Courts as a lawful prize, or which shall have been condemned in any competent Court for the breach of the laws made for the prevention of the Slave Trade, and owned, navigated, and registered according to the laws of Great Britain, shall be considered as British vessels: and that all vessels built in the territories of Mexico, or captured from the enemy by the ships of Mexico, and condemned under similar circumstances, and which shall be owned by any citizen or citizens thereof, and whereof the master and three fourths of the mariners are citizens of Mexico, excepting where the laws provide for any extreme cases, shall be considered as Mexican vessels.

And it is further agreed, that every vessel, qualified to trade as above described, under the provisions of this Treaty, shall be furnished with a register, passport, or sea letter, under the signature of the proper person authorized to grant the same, according to the laws of the respective countries, (the form of which shall be communicated,) certifying the name, occupation, and residence of the owner or owners, in the dominions of His B. Majesty, or in the territories of Mexico, as the case may be; and that he, or they, is, or are, the sole owner or owners, in the proportion to be specified; together with the name burthen, and description of the vessel. as to built and measurement, and the several particulars constituting the national character of the vessel, as the case may be.

VIII. All merchants, commanders of ships, and others, the subjects of His Britannic Majesty, shall have full liberty, in all the territories of Mexico, to manage their own affairs themselves, or to commit them to the management of whomsoever they please, as broker, factor, agent, or interpreter; nor shall they be obliged to employ any other persons for those purposes than those employed by Mexicans, nor to pay them any other salary or remuneration than such as is paid, in like cases, by Mexican citizens; and absolute freedom snall be allowed, in all cases, to the buyer and seller, to bargain and fix the price of any goods, wares, or merchandise, imported into, or exported from Mexico, as they shall see good, observing the laws and established customs of the country. The same privileges shall be enjoyed in the dominions of His Britannic Majesty, by the citizens of Mexico, under the same conditions.

The citizens and subjects of the Contracting Parties, in the territories of each other, shall receive and enjoy full and perfect protection for their persons and property, and shall have free and open access to the Courts of Justice in the said countries, respectively, for the prosecution and defence of their just rights; and they shall be at liberty to employ, in all causes, the advocates, attornies, or agents of whatever description, whom they may thi k proper; and they shall enjoy, in this respect, the same rights and privileges therein, as native citizens.