elected to the Legislature as a Republican, the only political office he ever held, though he was active in political canvasses throughout his life. In 1860 he made the nomination speech for Mr. Lincoln for presidential candidate, and in 1888 performed the same service for Judge Gresham. During the civil war he had charge of a large number of cases for the Government, and in 1865 settled in Chicago, where he earned a high reputation both as a civil and criminal lawyer. In 1887 he delivered the oration at the unveiling of the statue of Abraham Lincoln, in Chicago.

Swinburne, John, physician, born in Deer River, Lewis County, N. Y., May 30, 1820; died in Albany, N. Y., March 28, 1889. He was graduated at the Albany Medical College in 1847,, and appointed demonstrator in anatomy there. In 1861 he was appointed Chief Medical Officer on the staff of Gen. John F. Rathbone, and placed in charge of the depot for recruits at Albany; in May, 1862, was appointed Medical Superintendent of wounded New York troops at the front; was subsequently surgeon-in-charge at Savage's Station, and on June 29, 1862, was taken prisoner by the Confederates. Resigning his commission in the army, he was appointed health officer of the port of New York in 1864 and in 1866, and held the office six years. At the expiration of his terms he went abroad, served with the French during the Franco-German War, organized the American Ambulance Corps in Paris, and was in charge of it during the siege. He received the cross of the Legion of Honor for these services. In 1873 he returned to Albany; in 1882 was an independent candidate for Mayor, claimed the election, and was awarded the office after eighteen months of litigation; in 1884 was defeated for re-election; and the same year was elected to Congress from the Nineteenth New York District on the Republican and Citizens' ticket. Since 1873 he had maintained a free dispensary in Albany, in which he treated more than 100,000 cases, chiefly surgical.

Tavernier, Jules, artist, born in Paris, France, in April, 1844; died in Honolulu, Hawaii, May 18, 1889. He studied painting in Paris under Felix Barrias, of the École des Beaux Arts; had two pictures, a landscape and a study in black and white, in the Paris Salon in 1864; contributed several works to the Salon in 1870; came to the United States in 1872, made drawings for "The Graphic" and "Harper's Weekly," and settled in San Francisco in 1873. He was a founder of the Palette Club and First Vice-President of the Art Association of San Francisco, was successful as a landscape painter, had resided in Honolulu since 1884, and was court painter to the King.

Taylor, Alva B., manufacturer, born in Westport, Conn., May 12, 1803; died in Newark, N. J., Jan. 11, 1889. He received a common-school education, and worked at his father's forge till he was twenty-one years old, when he went to New York and entered the factory of R. Hoe & Co. as a machinist. He was soon promoted to be a foreman, and during the cholera epidemic became general superintendent of the entire works. In 1842 he established a printing-press manufactory of his own, to which his grandson, Alva B. Taylor, Jr., succeeded, under the firm name of the A. B. Taylor Manufacturing Company, in 1879. In 1861 his eldest son was admitted to the firm, and in 1867 became also connected with the Taylor Press Company in Chicago. He died in 1869, and the Western business reverted to his father. The elder Taylor was a thorough mechanic; he designed and built the Taylor country, Taylor drum cylinder, and three-revolution presses; invented the air springs now in general use on presses; and built perfecting presses for publishing houses in New York. On the morning of Feb. 4, 1850, the 200-horse-power boiler in his factory, Nos. 5 and 7 Hague Street, exploded, wrecked several buildings, and killed 64 persons.

Taylor, Isaac E., physician, born in Philadelphia, Pa., April 25, 1812; died in New York city, Oct. 30, 1889. He was graduated at Rutgers College in 1830, and at the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1834. During 1840 he studied "ob

stetrics and diseases of women and children with Prof. Cazeaux of Paris, and from 1841 till 1849 was attending physician at the Demilt Dispensaries, New York city. In 1851 he was chosen physician to Bellevue Hospital. He then applied himself to improving the methods of hospital work; united the medical departments of Bellevue Hospital, the Penitentiary, Workhouse, Almshouse, Island, and Small-pox Hospitals under one organization; founded a medical college in connection with Bellevue, and was elected its President in 1861. He served the hospital as physician from 1851 till 1876, and had since been its consulting physician.

Taylor, William Rogers, naval officer, born in Newport, R. I., Nov. 7, 1811; died in Washington, D. C., April 14, 1889. He was appointed a midshipman in the United States navy April 1, 1828; was promoted passed midshipman June 14, 1834; lieutenant Feb. 10, 1840; commander Sept. 14, 1855: captain, July 16, 1862; commodore July 25, 1866; and rear-admiral Jan. 19, 1871; and was placed on the retired list Nov. 7, 1873. During his service in the navy he had been on sea duty eighteen years and eleven months, on shore or other duty fifteen years and five months, and was unemployed twenty-six years and five months. He served on the sloop "St. Mary's" during the Mexican War, and took part in the capture of Tampico and Vera Cruz; was on ordnance duty in Washington at the outbreak of the civil war; was commander of the "Housatonic" and senior officer off Charleston when the Confederate rams "Chocura" and "Palmetto " attacked the blockading squadron in January, 1863; was flag-captain under Commodore Dahlgren in the operations against Morris Island; took part in the engagements with Forts Wagner and Sumter; and was in both attacks on Fort Fisher.

Terry, David S., lawyer, born in Todd County, Ky., in 1823; died in Lathrop, Cal., Aug. 14, 1889. He served with Gen. Houston in the Texan war against Mexico, and with Gen. Scott in the war between Mexico and the United States; organized a company of veteran Texan rangers on the discovery of gold in California, and went to Calaveras County; was engaged some time in mining, and afterward studied law and began practice in Stockton. In 1855 he was elected a justice of the California Supreme Court on the Native American ticket, and in 1857 succeeded Chief Justice Murray. He strongly opposed the methods of the vigilance committee, and during the exciting scenes of June, 1856, nearly fatally stabbed Sterling A. Hopkins, one of its sergeants. In September, 1859, he killed United States Senator David C. Broderick in a duel, and, though a coroner's jury held him responsible for Broderick's death, he was acquitted on his trial for murder. During the civil war he served in the Confederate army, and afterward resumed practice in San Francisco. In 1880 he was defeated as Democratic candidate for presidential elector, while his colleagues were elected. He did not come prominently before the public again till March, 1885, when Sarah Althea Hill chose him for counsel in her notorious contest to establish her claim to be the wife of United States Senator William Sharon, the millionaire, which she had instituted in March, 1883. Senator Sharon died in November, 1885, and in the following month the United States Circuit Court decided that the alleged marriage contract was a forgery. On Jan 7, 1886, Judge Terry and his client were married. The case was pushed on appeal, but without success. On Sept. 3, 1888, the matter was brought before Justice Stephen J. Field, of the United States Supreme Court, as a bill of revision, when the decision of the lower court was affirmed. Mrs. Terry arose in court and charged Justice Field with venality, and when he ordered her removal from the room for contempt of court, Judge Terry made a murderous attack on the court officers. Terry was committed for sixty days, and his wife for thirty. On Aug. 14, 1889, as Justice Field and United States Marshal David Nagle were dining in a hotel at Lathrop, while on their way to San Francisco, Judge Terry

and his wife entered. As soon as Terry saw Justice Field, he walked over to his table, struck him in the face, and made a motion as if about to draw a revolver or knife, when Marshal Nagle drew a revolver and shot Terry dead. Marshal Nagle and Justice Field were arraigned for murder and released on bail for trial. It was subsequently shown that the Federal authorities, fearing that Terry would attempt the justice's life, had specially detailed Marshal Nagle to protect Justice Field at all hazards in the discharge of his judicial duties. On Sept. 16 Nagle was declared justified in killing Terry, by the U. S. Circuit Court, and was released.

Timlow, George Whitfield, clergyman, born in Amity, N. Y., in 1823; died in Warwick, N. Y., May 2, 1889. He was graduated at the University of New York in 1840, was ordained in the Protestant Episcopal ministry, founded and was rector of Grace Church in Middletown, N. Y., for seven years, became rector of the Church of the Epiphany in New York city, and was afterward stationed in Lebanon Springs, N. Y., Boston, Mass., Salem, N. J., and at Christ Church, Warwick. He wrote a great deal for Church and scientific publications, and was a popular lecturer.

Townshend, Richard Wellington, lawyer, born in Prince George County, Md., April 30, 1840; died in Washington, D. C., March 9, 1889. He served several years as a page in the national House of Representatives, removed to Illinois in 1858, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1862. In 1863 he was appointed clerk of the Circuit Court of Hamilton County, Ill., in 1868-72 was prosecuting attorney for the Twelfth Judicial Circuit of that State, and in 1873 removed to Shawneetown, Ill. He was a member of the Democratic State Central Committee of Illinois in 1864, 1865, 1874, and 1875, was a delegate to the National Democratic Convention in 1872, was elected to Congress from the 18th Illinois District as a Democrat in 1876, 1878, 1880, 1882, 1884, and 1886, and last served as chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs.

Tucker, Henry Holcombe, clergyman, born in Warren County, Ga., May 10, 1819; died in Atlanta, in September, 1889. He was graduated at Columbian College, Washington, in 1838; was Professor of Belles-Lettres in Mercer University, Macon, Ga. in 1856-62, and president in 1866-71; was active in establishing the Baptist Church in Rome, Italy; became Chancellor of the University of Georgia in 1874; and resigned in 1878 to become editor of The Christian Index" at Atlanta. Ile published "The Gospel in Enoch" (Philadelphia, 1868); "The Position of Baptism in the Christian System" (1882); and "The Old Theology restated in Sermons" (1884).

Turner, Joseph Edward, physician, born in Bath, Me., Oct. 5, 1822 died in Wilton, Conn., July 24, 1889. His father was a farmer and ship builder. The son attended the academy in Bath, assisted his father in the ship-yard, and afterward studied medicine, in Philadelphia. He practiced for two years at Trenton, N. J., and then turned his attention to the work that thereafter exacted all his time and attention. A case of intemperance in a near relative-one that demanded his closest supervision-led his reflections to the formulation of the plan of an institution in which the inebriate should be medically treated, should have seclusion and protection, and should be surrounded by such moral and intellectual influences as were calculated to bring about a reformation. He set forth the then novel idea that inebriety was a disease and as such curable. This idea was at first received contemptuously. Finding little sympathy at home, he visited Europe in 1843 and again in 1848. There he had consultations with the foremost medical authorities. In Russia, he received marked attention and had free admittance to the hospitals and prisons of St. Petersburg, Moscow, and other cities. He found many warm friends of his central idea, and he also encountered much opposition. In New York, Dr. John W. Francis and Dr. Valentine Mott seconded his plans, the latter declaring that the facts accumulated in his own professional life "proved the disease of inebriety be

yond all doubt." About 1850 Dr. Turner began the practical work of procuring legislation and pecuniary endowment for the establishment of an asylum for inebriates, the first institution of the kind in the world. He made personal calls upon leading men ali over the country, and urged upon them the importance of his enterprise. He limited his subscriptions at first to $10 each, hoping in this way to enlist the sympathies of the public. His efforts met with a promising degree of success. He then went to the Legislature of the State of New York for a charter. In 1852 this was refused; in 1853 it was referred to the next Legislature. In 1854 the bill was passed and the "United States Inebriate Asylum 39 was chartered. In 1857 the name was changed to that of "New York State Inebriate Asylum." The city of Binghamton gave to the asylum a noble donation of 250 acres for a site, and in September, 1858, the corner-stone of the building was laid. The Legislature had been asked for an appropriation of a tenth part of the excise money for the asylum, which was granted in 1859. Dr. Turner, during three years of anxiety and suspense, was constantly active in the circulation of petitions in behalf of the needed legislation. An efficient board of directors had been organized under the charter, and a powerful public sentiment was crystallized in support of the institution. The asylum is one of the most perfectly and completely built structures that illustrate the public charities of the State of New York; but, owing to dissensions that arose soon after its opening, it failed of its mission, and is now an insane asylum owned and directed by the State. In 1888, Dr. Turner published a "History of the First Inebriate Asylum in the World, by its Founder." In this book are carefully recited the detailed history of the institution, and the trials, embarassments, and difficulties encountered by the author. Much space is given to the controversy with Dr. Willard Parker; several attacks in public journals upon Dr. Turner are reproduced; statements of his friends are submitted, and the addresses of eminent persons at public meetings in behalf of the asylum, and at the laying of the corner-stone are printed in full. There is also a history of the absurd indictment found against him and his associate Dr. Gardner, on a charge of arson, in burning the asylum. This was tried in September, 1867. Dr. Gardner was acquitted, and the judge ordered the indictment against Turner to be quashed. Dr. Turner subsequently engaged in organizing and establishing "Woman's National Hospital" (for inebriates) at Wilton, Conn. The Legislature of Connecticut granted a charter in 1874, and revoked it in 1885, under influences that apparently proceeded from the doctor's persistent foes of earlier years. Ground was broken in 1881 for the "National Hospital" on the doctor's own farm of 153 acres, in Wilton, which was the first endowment of the asylum. He was married in 1862, and his widow and five children survive him.

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Tuigg, John, clergyman, born in Cork, Ireland, Feb. 19, 1820; died in Altoona, Pa., Dec. 7, 1889. He was educated in Hallows College, Dublin, came to the United States in 1849, studied theology in St. Michael's (Roman Catholic) Seminary in Pittsburg, and was ordained May 14, 1850. He was an assistant in the Pittsburg cathedral till 1853, and was then sent to Altoona for missionary work. He was consecrated Bishop of Pittsburg on March 19, 1876. In 1883 he was granted a coadjutor, on account of failing health.

Tyler, Julia Gardiner, born on Gardiner's Island, N. Y., in 1820; died in Richmond, Va., July 10, 1889. She was a daughter of David Gardiner, was educated at the Chegary Institute in New York city, and atter a brief trip to Europe went to Washington with her father early in 1844. An invitation was extended to them to accompany the presidential party on an excursion down the Potomac, on the new war vessel "Princeton," on Feb. 28, and during the trip Mr. Gardiner and several others were killed by the explo sion of a gun. By direction of President Tyler, Mr. Gardiner's body was removed to the White House, and soon after the funeral the President, then a wid

ower, began paying marked attention to the daughter. Their marriage followed on June 26. After their retirement on March 4, 1845, they resided at "Sherwood Forest," on James river, Virginia, till Mr. Tyler's death in 1862, when his widow passed several years on Staten Island, N. Y. After the war Mrs. Tyler spent a large part of her time in travel.

Usher, John Palmer, lawyer, born in Brookfield, Madison County, N. Y., Jan. 9, 1816; died in Philadelphia, Pa., April 13, 1889. He removed to Indiana in youth, studied law and was admitted to the bar, and while practicing became interested in politics and served in the State Assembly and as AttorGeneral.

ney

On March 20, 1862, he was appointed by President Lincoln First Assistant Secretary of the Interior, and on Jan. 8, 1863, he became Secretary, succeeding Caleb B. Smith, resigned. He served till the close of Mr. Lincoln's first administration, and then resigned, but was continued in office till his successor qualified, May 15,1865. After leaving the Cabinet he resumed his law practice, and removed to Lawrence, Kan.

Vail, Thomas Hubbard, clergyman, born in Richmond, Va., Oct. 21, 1812; died in Bryn Mawr, Pa., Oct. 6, 1889. He was graduated at Trinity College in 1831, and at the General Theological Seminary in 1835, was ordained deacon in New Canaan, Conn., in 1835, and priest in Boston in 1837, and, after serving in Philadelphia, Boston, and Cambridge, became rector in Essex, Conn., in 1839. From 1844 till 1857 he was rector in Westerly, R. I., and from 1857 till 1863 in Muscatine, Iowa. On Dec. 15, 1864, he was consecrated first Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Kansas. He published an edition of the Rev. Augustus F. Lyte's "Buds of Spring," poems, with memoir and additional poems of his own (Boston, 1838); Plan and Outline, with Selection of Books under Many Heads, of a Public Library in Rhode Island" (1838); Hannah; a Sacred Drama" (Boston, 1839); and "The Comprehensive Church" (1841; 3d ed., 1883). Van Lennep, Henry J., missionary, born in Smyrna, Asia Minor, in 1816; died in Great Barrington, Mass., Jan. 11, 1889. He was the son of a Swedish merchant, consul at Smyrna, and was graduated at Amherst College in 1837, and at Andover Theological Seminary in 1839, was ordained to missionary work, and sailed for Turkey with his wife, under the auspices of the American Board. He labored in this field for thirty years, chiefly at Smyrna, Constantinople, and Tocat, and suffered from the Turkish persecutions to which all missionaries in that field and at that period were subjected. At one time his children were kidnaped, and at another his dwelling at Tocat was burned, he and his family barely escaping with their lives. He learned the languages of the Armenians, Turks, and Greeks, became President of the Theological School at Tocat, and, being an accomplished linguist, a skilled musician, an able artist, an effective preacher, and sympathetic teacher, had great influence over his people. He returned to the United States in 1869, was Principal of Ingham University, Leroy, N. Y., two years, and then removed to Great Barrington. He was author of "Bible Lands," "Travels in Little Known Parts of Asia Minor," and "The Oriental Album."

Van Vorst, Hooper Cummings, lawyer, born in Schenectady, N. Y., Dec. 3, 1817; died in New York city,

Oct. 26, 1889. He was graduated at Union College in 1836, studied law, and was admitted to the bar. In 1852 he removed to New York city, and practiced alone till 1867, when he formed the law firm of Van Vorst and Beardsley, and was appointed Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, to fill a vacancy. He held this office a year. In 1872 he was elected a judge of the Superior Court of New York as a Republican, and served to the end of the term in 1886. During all of this period, excepting the first two years, he sat in the Equity Court by assignment.

Vogdes, Israel, soldier, born in Willistown, Pa., Aug. 4, 1816; died in New York city, Dec. 7, 1889. He was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1837, and entered the army as second lieutenant, First Artillery. In the permanent establishment he was promoted first lieutenant, July 9, 1838; captain, Aug. 20, 1847; major, May 14, 1861; lieutenantcolonel, Fifth United States Artillery, June 1; and Colonel, First United States Artillery, Aug. 1, 1863; was brevetted brigadier-general, April 9, 1865, for gallant and meritorious services in the field during the civil war; and was retired at his own request, Jan. 2, 1881. In the volunteer service he was appointed brigadier-general, Nov. 29, 1862; and was mustered out, Jan. 15, 1866. He was Assistant Professor of Mathematics in the United States Military Academy from his graduation till 1849, served against the Seminole Indians in Florida, was attached to the Artillery School at Fortress Monroe in 1858-'60, and was ordered to re-enforce Fort Pickens, Fla., in 1861. He was captured while repelling a night attack on Santa Rosa Island, Oct. 9, 1861, and confined in Libby Prison till exchanged in August, 1862. The batteries on Lighthouse Inlet were constructed by him, and he commanded them in the attack on Morris Island, July 9, 1863. From August, 1863, till February, 1864, he was engaged in the operations against Charleston. After the war he was in command of the 1st Artillery, at Fort Hamilton, N. Y., till his retirement.

Wakeman, Abram, lawyer, born in Fairfield, Conn., May 31, 1824; died in New York city, June 29, 1889. He was graduated at Herkimer Academy, N. Y., and was admitted to the bar in New York city in 1847. Soon afterward he became active in Whig politics, and in 1850 and 1851 was elected to the Legislature. In 1856 he was a member of the National Republican Convention, and from 1856 till 1869 a member of the National Republican Committee. In 1856 he was elected to Congress as candidate of the Free Soil and American parties. At the outbreak of the civil war he raised the Eighty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was elected colonel, but soon afterward resigned, at President Lincoln's request, to take the appointment of postmaster in New York city. During the draft riots in 1863 his residence and valuable law library were burned by the mob, in revenge for his successful defense of the Post-Office. He was appointed surveyor of the port in 1865, and served till 1869.

Walker, James, artist, born in England, June 3, 1819; died in Watsonville, Cal., in September, 1889. He was brought to New York city when a child, and made his home there till 1884, when he removed to San Francisco to execute an order for a large French battle-painting for a private gallery. His works are mainly large historico-military pictures, the best known being "The Battle of Chapultepec," in the national Capitol; "The Battle of Lookout Mountain," painted on the order of Gen. Hooker, and exhibited in the principal American cities; and "The Repulse of Longstreet" at Gettysburg.

Washburn, Charles Ames, author, born in South Livermore, Me., March 16, 1822; died in New York city, Jan. 26, 1889. He was graduated at Bowdoin College, removed to San Francisco in 1850, and became editor of the "Alta California." In 1861 he was appointed United States Commissioner to Paraguay, and he was United States minister there during the war between that country on the one hand and Brazil, Uruguay, and the Argentine Republic on the other in 1865. For six months the lives of himself

and wife were in great peril, and they were only saved by the timely arrival of a United States naval rescuing expedition. He returned to the United States in 1868, and subsequently published "A History of Paraguay," "Robert Thaxter," "Gomery of Montgomery," and "Political Evolution."

Watts, Frederick, lawyer, born in Carlisle, Pa., May 9, 1801; died there, Aug. 17, 1889. He was graduated at Dickinson College in 1819, admitted to the bar in 1824, and appointed reporter for the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania in 1831. He held this office till 1845, and was then elected President of the Cumberland Valley Railroad. On March 9, 1849, he was commissioned President Judge of the Ninth Judicial District, and retained the office till 1852, when it was made elective and he was defeated. In 1854 he was elected President of the Board of Trustees of the Pennsylvania Agricultural College, of which he was a founder, and in 1871 he was appointed United States Commissioner of Agriculture.

Weir, Robert Walter, artist, born in New Rochelle, N. Y., June 18, 1803; died in New York city, May 1, 1889. He began studying painting in 1822, went to Florence, Italy, in 1824, and to Rome in 1825. He painted Christ and Nicodemus" and "The Angel releasing Peter," in the former city, and became as

sociated with Horatio Greenough, the sculptor, in the latter. He returned to New York city in 1827. In 1828 he was elected an associate member of the National Academy of Design, and in 1829 an academician. On the death of Charles R. Leslie, in 1834, he succeeded him as Professor of Drawing in the United States Military Academy, with the rank of colonel in the army, and served till July 25, 1876, when he was retired under the limitation act. His principal paintings are: "The Landing of Henry Hudson,' "Bourbon's Last March," "Bianca," "Religion," "William Deloraine at the Tomb of Michael Scott," "Subsiding of the Waters after the Flood," "Christ and the Disciples on the Way to Emmaus," "The Two Marys at the Sepulchre," "The Evening of the Crucifixion," "Columbus before the Council at Salamanca," "Crossing the Styx," "The Embarkation of the Pilgrims," and a large allegorical work representing Peace and War, which occupies the end of the chapel at the Military Academy. He received $10,000 for his "Embarkation of the Pilgrims," and with the money built the Church of the Holy Innocents at Highland Falls, N. Y.

Welch, Adonijah Strong, educator, born in East Hampton, Conn., April, 12, 1821; died in Pasadena, Cal., March 15, 1889. He was graduated at the University of Michigan in 1846, and was admitted to the bar and appointed Principal of the Jonesville High School, Michigan, in 1847. In 1851 was appointed Principal of the Michigan State Normal School. In 1865 he went to Florida, where he became chairman of the State Republican Committee, and was elected United States Senator in 1868, for the term ending March 3, 1869. At the expiration of his term he removed to Iowa and was chosen President of the State Agricultural College, an office he retained till 1883, when he took the chair of Psychology there. He published "Analysis of the English Sentences" (New York, 1850); Object Lessons" (1861); "Talks on Psychology" (1888); and "Teacher's Psychology" (1888). Welch, Philip H., humorist, born in Angelica, Alleghany County, N. Y., in 1849; died in Brooklyn, N. Y., Feb. 24, 1889. He was educated for commer

cial life, and followed it for twelve years in New York. While on a business trip to Oil City, Pa., during the petroleum excitement, he sent a series of reports on the industry to Bradstreet's." In 1882 he joined the staff of the Rochester "Pust-Express," and for a year conducted the humorous column in it entitled "The Present Hour." He then went to the Philadelphia " Call," and established its "Accidentally Overboard" column, and returning to New York began contributing "Queer Wrinkles" to the "Sun," and other humorous paragraphs and sketches to "Puck," "The Judge," "Life," "The Epoch," and "Harper's Bazar." His friends completed a trust fund of $25,000 for his widow and children in March,

1890.

Wessells, Henry Walton, soldier, born in Litchfield, Conn., Feb. 20, 1809; died in Dover, Del., Jan. 12, 1889. After he was graduated at West Point in 1838, he took part in the Seminole War of 1887-40, first as a second lieutenant of infantry, and then as first lieutenant, being promoted on July 7, 1838. In Gen. Scott's Mexican campaign he was promoted captain, Feb. 16, 1847, and received the brevet of major for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco. In the former contest Capt. Wessells, though wounded, seized the regimental flag on the death of the color-sergeant, and put himself at the head of his men. On his return from the war the State of Connecticut voted him ajeweled sword, which was presented to him with military ceremonies. Capt. Wessells was on the Pacifie coast in 1849-'54, and was in the Sioux expedition of 1855, after which he served in the Northwest till the civil war. On June 6, 1861, he was promoted major, and on Aug. 22, of that year he received the coloneley of the Eighth Kansas Volunteers. After serving on the Missouri border, he resumed his commission in the regular army on Feb. 15, 1862, and in March was transferred to the Army of the Potomac. He was made a brigadier general in the volunteer army on April 25, and served in the Peninsula, receiving the regular army brevet of lieutenant-colonel for gallantry at Fair Oaks, where he was wounded. In McClellan's change of base he commanded the rear-guard, and he then er gaged in the defense of Suffolk, Va., afterward serving in North Carolina. After serving at Kinston, Goldsborough, and New Berne, he was placed on May 3, 1863, over the sub-district of the Albemarle. On April 17, 1864, he was attacked at Plymouth, N. C., where he had a garrison of 1,600 men, by Gen. Robert F. Hoke with about 7,000 Confederate troops and the iron-clad "Albemarle." After a gallant defense, which lasted four days, Gen. Wessells surrendered the town. He was taken to Libby Prison, whence he was transferred successively to Danville, Macon, and Charleston. At the last-named place he was one of the officers that were placed under the fire of the national batteries on Morris Island. On Aug. 3, 1864, he was exchanged, and on Nov. 11 he became commissary of prisoners, which post he held until the close of the war. He was promoted lieutenant-colonel on Feb. 16, 1865, and brevetted colonel, to date from April 20, 1864," for gallant and meritorious services during the rebel attack on Plymouth, N. C." On March 13 he was given the regular army brevet of brigadier-general. He then served on the Northwestern frontier till Jan. 1, 1871, when he was retired. After that time he resided in his native place, but at the time of his death he was on a visit to Delaware.

West, Theodore Sterling, soldier, born in Philadelphia, Pa., about 1839; died in Asbury Park, N. J., Aug. 15, 1889. He was graduated at the University of Waukesha, Wis., and entered the national army as colonel of the Fifth Wisconsin Volunteers early in the civil war. He was taken prisoner and confined in Libby Prison, Richmond, and with Gens. Hobart and Creary, planned and executed a memorable escape. After rejoining the army he was promoted to brigadier-general, and at the close of the war engaged in business in California till within six months of his death, when with Col. C. C. Lefler he became proprietor of the Hotel Langham at Washington, D. C.

Wharton, Francis, author, born in Philadelphia, Pa., March 7, 1820; died in Washington, D. C., Feb. 21, 1889. He was graduated at Yale College in 1839, and admitted to the bar in 1843. In 1846 he was appointed Assistant Attorney-General of Pennsylvania, and after the expiration of his term practiced in his native city till 1856, when he became Professor of Logic and Rhetoric in Kenyon College. In 1863 he resigned this office to take orders in the Protestant Episcopal Church. He was rector in Brookline, Mass., three years, and from 1866 till 1885 was Professor of Ecclesiastical and International Law in Cambridge Divinity School and Boston University. In March, 1885, he was appointed United States Examiner of International Claims in the Department of State, and in 1888 was designated by Congress as editor of the diplomatic correspondence of the Revolutionary period. His publications include: "A Treatise on the Criminal Law of the United States" (1546); "The Law of Contracts"; "Criminal Law"; "Criminal Pleading and Practice" "Criminal Evidence"; "Precedents of Indictments and Pleas"; "The Law of Evidence in Civil Issues"; "The Law of Negligence"; "The Law of Homicide"; "Conflict of Laws"; "Commentary on the Law of Agency and Agents" "Medical Jurisprudence"; "Commentaries on American Law"; "A Treatise on The ism and Modern Skeptical Theories"; "The State Trials of the United States during the Administrations of Washington and Adams"; "The Silence of Scripture"

and "Digest of International Law." Wheeler, Norman W., naval architect, born in Western New York, in 1829; died in Brooklyn, N. Y., Oct. 7, 1889. He learned the machinist's trade in Wisconsin, and, settling in New York city, became identified with its ship-building industry. Many of the improvements on steam pumps now in use were invented and patented by him. Early in the civil war he designed the engines and other machinery of the double-turreted ironclad steamer Keokuk," which was sunk in the first attack on Charleston in 1862. Subsequently he designed all the United States gunboats built at the Cramp works in Philadelphia. After the war he designed some of the most successful iron vessels now employed on the Great Lakes. Wickes, Stephen, physician, born in Jamaica, Long Island, N. Y., March 17, 1813; died in Orange, N. J., July 8, 1889. He was graduated at Union College in 1831, and at the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1834; practiced in Troy, N. Y., from 1836 till 1852; and then settled in Orange, N. J. He was chairman of the standing committee of the New Jersey Medical Society and editor of its " Transactions" for twenty-five years; was made an honorary member of the society in 1868 and elected its president in 1884; and was for many years a life member, chairman of one of the most important committees, and corresponding secretary of the New Jersey Historical Society. His most widely known publications are: "The History of New Jersey Medicine, and of its Medical Men, from the Earliest History of the Province to 1800," "Sepulture, its History, Methods, and Requisites," and "Living and Dying: their Physics and Psychics." He left incomplete a tory of the Newark Mountains."

"His

Wilkeson, Samuel, journalist, born in Buffalo, N. Y., May 9, 1817; died in New York city, Dec. 2, 1889. He was graduated at Union College, admitted to the bar in 1840, and entered journalism in 1856, when he established" Democracy," a radical daily paper, in Buffalo. From Buffalo he went to Albany, where he was editor and principal owner of the "Evening Journal" for two years, retiring on account of failing health. About two years afterward he became an editorial writer and day editor on the New York 46 Tribune," ," and during the greater part of the civil war was the Washington correspondent for that paper. In 1868 he was temporarily released from his employment on the "Tribune," that he might aid Jay Cooke, the Government fiscal agent, in placing the war loans of 5-20, 10-40, and 7-30 bonds, and the

success of those loans was due to his efforts in securing the services of nearly every newspaper of influence in the United States. Subsequently he aided in securing the passage in Congress of a bill in favor of the Northern Pacific Railroad, and inducing Jay Cooke to become the fiscal agent of the company. He was the historian of the private surveying party sent out by Mr. Cooke to examine the proposed route, and in March, 1870, was elected secretary of the company. He held this office till his death, and, beside his duties as secretary, wrote and published a large amount of literature promoting the construction of the railroad and describing the almost unknown country that it traverses.

Williamson, Isaiah Vansant, philanthropist, born in Falisington, Bucks Co., Pa., Feb. 3, 1803; died in Philadelphia, Pa., March 7, 1889. He went to Philadelphia and opened a small dry-goods store about 1824, soon became partner in a wholesale establishment, and by 1830 was considered worth $200,000. Up to this time he had been active in social life; but suddenly he withdrew from all scenes of festivity, began dealing in stocks and bonds, and kept himself so secluded that the remainder of his long life was Hearly passed without the public gaining any knowledge of it beyond that of his severely economical habits and his very liberal benefactions to charitable and religious institutions. On Dec. 1, 1888, public announcement was made that he had placed in the hands of a board of trustees property and other securities aggregating in value $2,500,000, to be used for the erection and maintenance of an institution to be known as the Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades. The site of the school is two miles below Media, Delaware Co., Pa., and contains about 350 acres. On the probating of his will, March 11, 1889, it was found that he had left an estate of about $14,000,000, and, besides the $2,500,000 for the mechanical school, had bequeathed about $9,000,000 to relatives and sums ranging from $5,000 to $100,000 each to every Protestant charitable institution in existence in Philadelphia at the time of signing his will. He had given away $1,500,000 since 1876, and his total benefactions were estimated at about $5,000,000.

"The

Wing, Conway Phelps, clergyman, born near Marietta, Ohio, Feb. 12, 1809; died in Carlisle, Pa., May 7, 1889. He was graduated at Hamilton College in 1828, and at Auburn Theological Seminary in 1831; was pastor at Lodus, Wayne Co., N. Y., four years; at Ogden, N. Y., four years; at Monroe, Mich.; at Huntsville, Ala.; and from April 28, 1848, till October, 1875, of the First Presbyterian Church at Carlisle, Pa. He contributed notable papers on Historical development of the Doctrine of the Atonement " and "The Permanent in Christianity" to the "Presbyterian Quarterly Review," and on Miracles and the Order of Nature" to the "Methodist Quarterly"; wrote the articles on Federal Theology" and Gnostics and Gnosticism" in McClintock and Strong's "Cyclopædia"; assisted in translating "Hase's Manual of Ecclesiastical History" and "Kling's Commentary on Second Corinthians "; and published several historical works, including "Historical and Genealogical Register of the Descendants of John Wing of Sandwich" (1885; 2d ed., 1886).

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Wood, Bradford R., lawyer, born in Westport, Conn., Sept. 30, 1800; died in Albany, N. Y., Sept. 26, 1889. He graduated at Union College in 1824, studied law in Watertown and Albany, was active in Democratic antislavery politics and in temperance movements, was Representative in Congress from Albany County in 1845-47, and was United States minister to Denmark in 1861-'65.

Woolsey, Theodore Dwight, educator, born in New York city, Oct. 31, 1801; died in New Haven, Conn., July 1, 1889. He was graduated at Yale College in 1820; studied law in Philadelphia and theology in Princeton, was licensed to preach in 1825, and spent 1827-30 studying Greek and literature in Leipsic, Bonn, and Berlin, He was appointed Professor of Greek in Yale College in 1831, and occupied the chair