Cumberland Valley Railroad Company, and remained with that corporation till his death. He became secretary of the company in 1839, and treasurer also in 1840. In 1858 he was elected major-general of the Fifteenth Division of Pennsylvania militia. At the outbreak of the civil war he was appointed adjutantgeneral of the State, and in that office organized the Pennsylvania Reserves and other early regiments. In 1862 he resigned this office, and with this exception his railroad service was continuous as well as the longest of any in the United States.

Bishop, Washington Irving, mind-reader, born in New York city, in 1847; died there, May 13, 1889. He went to work in a drug store when a boy, and while there became interested in spiritualism and developed what was considered a remarkable gift of legerdemain. When about twenty years old he gave his first public exhibition in New York city, in which he claimed to expose the trickery of spiritual mediums, the Fox sisters, and the Davenport brothers. Soon afterward he went to Europe, and gave entertainments in the large cities. He claimed to be able to tell a number or word thought of by another, to discover an unnamed article wherever hid, to lead a person to and touch any article that person thought of and kept his mind on, to write down the number of a bank-note in a person's pocket when the person kept his mind on the number, and to perform a variety of other similar feats, always blindfolded and holding one hand of the person whose thoughts he professed to read or follow. Marvelous stories were told of his powers as a mindreader, and he was believed and denounced in about equal proportions. He traveled through Mexico, Cuba, and a part of South America, and in late years performed many feats besides his regular evening enter tainments, such as driving a team of horses through the streets in open daylight in search of hidden ohjects, though completely blindfolded. His bank-notenumber test was his inost popular, and apparently mysterious performance. At the time of his death he had just completed writing on a piece of paper the name of a member of the Lamb's Club selected from the minute-book by two other members, the name and book being known only to them. He fainted in a first attempt, and his success in the second was followed by a fatal cataleptic fit.

Blinn, Christian, clergyman, born in Zweibrücken, Germany, in 1829; died in Kansas City, Mo., Nov. 21, 1889. He learned the carpenter's trade in his native city, came to the United States in 1848, followed his trade in New York city while studying for the Methodist Episcopal ministry, and was appointed pastor of the Second Street M. E. Church in 1856. He was highly successful and popular, and untiring in his ninistry, and on becoming superannuated he engaged in the building business, acquiring a large fortune. He built the German Methodist Church at Fifty-first Street and Second Avenue, established Brenhem College in Texas and endowed it with $10,000, and gave $10,000 to Berea College, in Ohio.

Bliss, Doctor Willard, physician, born in Auburn, N. Y., Aug. 10, 1825; died in Washington, D. C., Feb. 21, 1889. He was named Doctor Willard after the eminent physician, removed to the Western Reserve in Ohio, was graduated at Cleveland Medical College in 1846, practiced one year in Iona, Mich., and then settled in Grand Rapids, where he gained considerable reputation as a surgeon. At the outbreak of the civil war, he was appointed surgeon of the Third Michigan Volunteers. In the autumn of 1861 he became a division surgeon, and from the organization of the Army of the Potomac till after the Battle of Seven Pines he was attached to the staff of Gen. Philip Kearny. He was then ordered on hospital duty in Washington, where he superintended the construction of the Armory Square Hospital and became its surgoon-in-chief. After the war he was connected with the Board of Health of Washington, and became widely known as the champion of a South American cancer cure. Dr. Bliss was one of the physicians and surgeons called to attend President Gar

field after he was shot on July 2, 1881, and was unremitting in his professional attentions till the President's death, when with his associates he was called upon for a bill for his services, under an act of Congress making provision for the payment of the medical staff and for the extra labor of the White House employés necessitated by the assassination, he presented one that Comptroller Lawrence felt obliged to reduce in order to apportion the $57,000 appropriated for the medical staff among them. Dr. Bliss claimed that his private practice had been ruined and his health seriously impaired by his close application to the President, and declined to accept the award made him. At the time of his death a special bill was pending in Congress to compensate him for his services in the Garfield case.

Bliss, Isaac G., missionary, born in Springfield, Mass., July 5, 1822; died in Assouan, Egypt, in February, 1889. He was graduated at Amherst College and Andover Theological Seminary, and was sent to eastern Turkey as a missionary by the American Board in 1845. After successful missionary labors in Turkey and Egypt, he was appointed agent of the American Bible Society in Constantinople in 1869. About a month previous to his death Dr. Bliss went to Egypt for rest. It was chiefly owing to his exertions that the American Bible House in Constantinople was built.

Bliss, Philemon, lawyer, born in Canton, Conn., July 28, 1814; died in St. Paul, Minn., Aug. 25, 1889. Ile was educated at Hamilton College, studied law and was admitted to the bar, removed to Ohio, became conspicuous in the antislavery movement, and was elected president-judge of the Fourteenth Circuit Court. He was elected to Congress as a Republican in 1854-'56, and served on the Committee on Manufactures. He was appointed by President Lincoln the first Chief Justice of Dakota, in 1861. He subse quently removed to Columbus, Mo., and became a judge of the Supreme Court of that State, and dean of the State University.

Blunt, Asa P., army officer, born in Danville, Vt., in 1828; died in Manchester, N. H., Oct. 4, 1889. He entered the national service as adjutant of the Third Vermont Infantry June 20, 1861; became lieutenantcolonel of the Sixth Vermont Infantry Oct. 15, following, and colonel of the Twelfth Infantry of that State Oct. 4, 1862. 'He resigned his volunteer commission to accept the appointment of captain and quartermaster in the regular army Feb. 29, 1864, and was promoted major and brevet colonel, March 28, 1867, for services in the buttles of Lee's Mills and Savage Station, Va., and during the war. In the volunteer service he was brevetted major, lieutenant-colonel, colonel, and brigadier-general June 9, 1865, for faithful and meritorious services, After the war he was on duty in connection with the national cemeteries, and at Fort Leavenworth, and at the time of his death he was department quartermaster in Boston.

Booth, Mary Louise, editor, born in Yaphank, Long Island, N. Y., April 19, 1831; died in New York city, March 5, 1889. She was a daughter of William Chatfield Booth, who established the first public school in Brooklyn, N. Y. She learned French, German, and Latin, and began translating from those languages at an early age. She was a teacher in her father's school when fourteen years old, and soon afterward gave up teaching to study history, languages, and the natural sciences, and for literary work. Among her carliest translations were Mery's" André Chenier," Cousin's "Life and Times of Mme. de Chevreuse," Mannier's "Russian Tales," and Edmond About's "Germaine" and "King of the Mountains." She wrote tales and sketches for newspapers and magazines, and in 1856 published "The Marble-Workers' Manual," and "The Clock and Watch-Makers' Manual," both translated from the French. While translating and writing for the magazines, she also prepared a "History of the City of New York" (1859); This work has been revised and enlarged several times, the last edition appearing in 1880. The open

ing of the civil war, her familiarity with general history and her skill in translation led her to undertake a special task in aid of the national cause. This involved the collection, translation, and publication of important works by French authors who had espoused the Union cause, and who sought to create in Europe a sentiment in favor of the Federal Government. The first of these works, Count Gasparin's Uprising of a Great, People," was brought out two months after the attack on Fort Sumter, and received with a commendation far in excess of her anticipations. This was followed by a translation of Gasparin's "America before Europe" (1861); Augustine Cochin's "Results of Emancipation" and "Results of Slavery" (1862); Edward Laboulaye's "Paris in America" (1865); two volumes of Henri Martin's "History of France," treating of "The Age of Louis XIV" (1864); and two others of the same work entitled The Decline of the French Monarchy" (1866). She also corresponded with friends of the United States Government in England and France and published their letters in the New York daily newspapers and in pamphlet form through the Union League Club. During this period she translated the Countess Gasparin's " Vesper," Camille," and "Human Sorrows," and Count Gasparin's "HappiFrom 1867 till her death she edited "flarper's Bazar." She published a translation of Henri Martin's abridged "History of France," in six volumes (1880).

ness,"

66

Bowditch, Jonathan Ingersoll, scientist, born in Salem, Mass., in 1806; died in Jamaica Plain, Mass., Feb. 19, 1889. He was a son of Dr. Nathaniel Bowditch, the mathemetician. He was educated for a mercantile career, and spent many years as supercargo of vessels engaged in the Indian trade. After retiring from the sea he became president of an insurance company and manager of several large estates. He inherited a taste for scientific investigation, which he followed to the close of his life, editing several editions of his father's "American Navigator," and becoming a fellow and treasurer of the American Academy of Art and Science. He assisted his brothers in maintaining the valuable library of their father after his death as a library of public reference, till it became a part of the Boston Public Library, and after 1887 gave $500 annually to enlarge the collection.

Bowen, Levi Fowler, lawyer, born in Homer, N. Y., in 1808; died in Lockport, N. Y., Dec. 27, 1889. He removed to Lockport to practice law in 1832, was elected judge of the Court of Common Pleas under the old State Constitution, became a member of the Assembly in 1845, was appointed a Supreme Court judge to fill a vacancy in 1852, and was afterward elected for a full term. In 1857 he served on the bench of the Court of Appeals, in 1861 was appointed provost-marshal of the Twenty-eighth New York District, and in 1873 was a second time elected judge of the county court. Judge Bowen was a member of the State Constitutional Convention in 1867-278, and Presdent of the National Exchange Bank of Lockport. Breed, William Pratt, clergyman, born in Greenbush, N. Y., Aug. 13, 1816; died in Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 14, 1889. He was graduated at the University of the City of New York in 1843, and at the Princeton Theological Seminary in 1847, was installed pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church at Steubenville, Ohio, preached there till 1856, and then went to the West Spruce Street Presbyterian Church at Philadelphia, with which he continued till his death. Ile was twice elected Moderator of the Synod of Philadelphia, and in 1883 was Moderator of the Synod of Pennsylvania. It was he who brought about the crection of a monument to John Witherspoon in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, and in its aid he delivered "A Historical Discourse on Presbyterians and the Revolution" in seventy pulpits, and presented the cause also in ten synods and presbyteries. Beyond special tracts and newspaper and review articles his writings are comprised in sixteen volumes, half of which are specially adapted to the young.

Bridgman, Laura Dewey, blind and deaf mute, born in Hanover, N. H., Dec. 21, 1829; died in South Boston, Mass., May 24, 1889. She was in possession of all her faculties till two years of age, and was then suddenly prostrated by a fever, which deprived her of the senses of sight and hearing, and greatly weakened those of taste and smell. For five months she lay in a darkened room, and two years had passed betore her general health was fully restored. She then began showing a quick mind, an interest in things about her, and a desire to learn. Her necessities forced her to make a motion language of her own, and she soon became able to communicate her desires and distinguish each member of the family. She also learned to do a little sewing and knitting. About this time Dr. Samuel G. Howe, Director of the Perkins Institution for the Blind, in South Boston, heard of her, and visiting her parents expressed a desire to undertake her education on plans of his own. On receiving their consent he took her to the institution Oct. 12, 1837, and began a course of training, the form and results of which have proved of phenomenal interest to educators and scientists throughout the world. The process of teaching was necessarily so slow that, in spite of her remarkable quickness of apprehension and eagerness to learn, she had attained only about the same command of language as that possessed by ordinary children at three years of age, when she had been under instruction twenty-six months and was ten years old. Her sense of touch became more acute, and a marked improvement was noted in the senses of smell and taste. She was from the beginning of her training a most willing pupil and patient imitator, sceming to realize the purpose of the simple exercises prepared for her. Dr. Howe watched her constantly, studying new devices to enable her to comprehend the emotions, desires, and fresh impressions that followed the daily enlargement of her intellectual powers. When she had acquired a sufficient command of the finger and raised-letter languages to enable her to converse with those about her, she was allowed a larger circle of associates and acquaintances; and the development of her character and enlightenment of her mind were greatly aided thereby. Through the solitary sense of touch, her spiritual nature, moral sense, and intellect were harmoniously developed. The babe whom a fever seemed to have isolated from her kind and doomed to life-long darkness and ignorance became, through the skillful efforts of Dr. Howe and the teachers whom he specially selected for her, a useful and loving woman, pure and deeply religious in life and thought. Besides learning to read and write, she became a good seamstress, was skilled in faney needle-work, operated a sewing-machine, and did various kinds of housework. Her range of reading was quite extended, and enabled her to converse without embarrassment with eminent people from all parts of the world who visited her. Many scientific and other works have been published on her remarkable case since Charles Dickens called attention to her in his "American Notes," and the King of Prussia sent Dr. Howe a special gold medal for his marvelous achievement in educating her. She spent the greater part of her time in the Perkins Institution for the Blind, and remained in good health till 1876, when the death of Dr. Howe greatly depressed her, but she continued remarkably cheerful to the close of her life.

Brigham, Mary Ann, educator, born in Westborough, Mass., Dec. 6, 1829; died near New Haven, Conn., June 29, 1889. She was educated at Mt. Holyoke Female Seminary, was a teacher in that institution in 1857-58, taught nearly two years in a private school at Newton, Mass., was principal of Ingham University at Leroy, N. Y., nearly three years, and in 1863 became an assistant in Prof. Charles E. West's Brooklyn Heights Seminary, where she taught consecutively till June 6, 1889, when she resigned to accept the presidency of Mt. Holyoke Female Seminary, to which she had been elected in March. She had been

active in procuring a college charter for the Mt. Holyoke Seminary and establishing a collegiate course there. She declined several tempting offers of promotion, including that of the presidency of Wellesley College. She was on her way to make farewell calis on her Brooklyn friends when she was killed in a railroad accident.

Brinley, Francis, lawyer, born in Boston, Mass., Nov. 10, 1800; died in Newport, R. I., June 15, 1889. He was graduated at Harvard College in 1818, was admitted to the bar in 1821, was a member of the Legislature in 1832, 1850, and 1854, and of the State Senate in 1833, 1853, and 1863; served in the Constitutional Convention in 1853, was a member of the Common Council of Boston three years and its president two years, and was commander of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company. for three terms. After removing to Newport he was elected a member of the Rhode Island Legislature in 1869, Vice-President of the Rhode Island Historical Society in 1881, and also President of the Newport Historical Society and of the Redwood Library. He was an accomplished writer, a forcible debater, and an impressive public speaker.

Brocklesby, John, educator, born in West Bromwich, England, Oct. 8, 1811; died in Hartford, Conn., June 21, 1889. He was brought to the United States when nine years old, was graduated at Yale College in 1835, became tutor in mathematics there in 1838, and in 1842 was appointed Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in Trinity College, Hartford. He held the latter office till 1873, and was then chosen Professor of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy, continuing in that chair till 1882. He contributed numerous technical articles to scientific publications, particularly to the Journal" of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and pnblished ments of Mineralogy" (New York, 1848); “Views of the Microscopic World" (1850); Elements of Astronomy (1355); and " Elements of Physical Geography" (1868).

Ele

Brown, George Loring, painter, born in Boston, Mass., in 1814; died in Malden, Mass., June 25, 1889. He began his art career at an early age as an engraver on wood in his native city, and for many years was employed engraving illustrations for juvenile publications. The charm of his work attracted the attention of a wealthy patron of art, who encouraged him to study painting and enabled him to take a course of instruction abroad. On his return he opened a studio in Boston, but soon afterward went to Europe again, studied in the Louvre, passed several years in Florence, and returned home in 1860. He painted more than fifty landscapes while living in Italy. His "Crown of New England" was bought by the Prince of Wales during his visit to the United States, and The Bay of New York" was bought by several New York merchants and presented to the prince before his departure. "A Moonlight Scene" received a prize on its exhibition by the Art Union of Rome, and is now in its possession. His other noted works comprise "The Doge's Palace and Grand Canal," Palermo,' Atranti," "Bay of Naples," "Fountain of Trevi," Venice," Sunset, Genoa," and "Niagara by Moonlight."

99 66

Brown, John Calvin, lawyer, born in Giles County, Tenn., Jan. 6, 1827; died in Red Boiling Springs, Tenn., Aug. 17, 1889. He was graduated at Jackson College in 1846, admitted to the bar, and began practicing in partnership with his brother, Neil S. Brown. In 1860 he was a Bell and Everett presidential elector, and in the following February was a Union candidate for the convention called to determine what course Tennessee should pursue in the impending struggle. In this convention he made a vigorous plea for adhesion to the Union. When the secession of Tennessee was claimed, he joined the Confederate army as a captain, fought through the war, attained the rank of major-general, and was three times wounded. After the war he became a railroad surveyor, was promoted till he reached the presidency of the Nashville Rail

road, afterward engaged in railroad building in Tennessee, then superintended the eastern and western extension of the Texas Pacific Railroad, and for a time was receiver of the entire Texas Pacific system. He was president of the State Constitutional Convention in 1870, and was elected Governor in 1870 and 1875. After retiring from the executive chair he was appointed general counsel for the Texas Pacific Railroad and subsequently became its vice-president, a second time its receiver, and its president and general manager, holding the last office till the spring of 1889, when he resigned to accept the presidency of the Tennessee Coal, Iron, and Railroad Company.

Brown, Oscar Frank, missionary, born in Perry township, N. Y., Sept. 2, 1837; died in Amityville, Long Island, N. Y., Sept. 22, 1889. He removed to New York city early in life, and for several years carried on a banking and commission business. While so engaged he became interested in religious work and began a mission in a tenement house in Eleventh Avenue, in which he gathered in two years, by personal effort, a congregation of 700 persons. From this tenement-house mission grew the Church of the Redeemer in West Fifty-second Street and a Sundayschool of nearly 600 pupils. His efforts as a missionary were so successful that he determined to apply himself wholly to religious work in the tenements and to enter the ministry. He accordingly took a course in theology, and in 1883 was ordained a minister of the Reformed Episcopal Church. A few years afterward exposure and devotion to his work undermined his health and forced him into a retirement.

Bullock, William Fontaine, lawyer, born in Fayette County, Ky., Jan. 16, 1807; died near Shelbyville, Ky., Aug. 9, 1889. He was graduated at Transylvania University in 1824, studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1828, and began practice in Louisville. He was a member of the Legislature in 1838, 1840, 1841, and 1843, was judge of the Fifth Judicial District of Kentucky from June 27, 1846, till Jan. 1, 1858, and was a professor in the Law School of the University of Louisville from 1849 till 1870. Judge Bullock drew up the bill for the establishment of the Kentucky Institution for the Education of the Blind (founded Feb. 5, 1842), and was its president from its organization till 1864 and again from 1884 till his death; drew up the bill for the establishment of the American Printing House for the Blind (opened Jan. 20, 1858, and made a national institution March 3, 1879), was its first president and a trustee till his death; and also prepared the bill for a department for colored children in the Institution for the Blind in 1884.

Burnes, James Nelson, lawyer, born in Indiana, Aug. 22, 1832; died in Washington, D. C., Jan. 24, 1889. He was removed to Platte County, Mo., when a child, was graduated at the Harvard Law School in 1853, and practiced his profession actively for twenty years. In 1856 he entered official life as circuit attorney, was a Buchanan and Breckenridge presidential elector the same year, served as judge of the Court of Common Pleas from 1868 till 1872, and was elected to Congress from the Fourth Missouri District as a Democrat in 1883, 1885, and 1887. During his service in Congress he was a member of the committees on Education, Appropriations, and Revision of the Laws, of the select committee on existing labor troubles, and of the Commission on Ordnance and Gunnery.

Cabell, James Laurence, physician, born in Nelson County, Va., Aug. 26, 1813; died in Overton, Va., Aug. 13, 1889. He was graduated at the University of Virginia in 1833, studied medicine in Paris, and was elected Professor of Anatomy and Surgery in the University of Virginia. In 1846 he was elected chairman of the faculty. During the civil war he was surgeon in charge of the military hospitals of the Confederacy; in 1878 he was chairman of the National Sanitary Conference held at Washington to consider the yellow-fever epidemic that raged in Southern cities; and in 1879 was appointed a member of the National Board of Health constituted by Congress that year, was elected president by his associates, and re

tained the office till his death. Besides numerous reports, he published "The Testimony of Modern Science to the Unity of Mankind" (New York, 1858). Caldwell, Samuel Lunt, clergyman, born in Newburyport, Mass., Nov. 13, 1820; died in Providence, R. I., Sept. 26, 1889. He was graduated at Waterville College (now called Colby University) in 1839, and at Newton Theological Seminary in 1845. In 1846 he was ordained pastor of a Baptist church in Bangor, Me., where he remained twelve years, and, after holding the pastorate of the First Baptist Church in Providence, R. I., from 1858 till 1872, became Professor of Church History in Newton Theological Seminary. In the autumn of 1873 he was elected President of Vassar College. In 1885 he resigned that office and removed to Providence.

Calvert, George Henry, author, born in Baltimore, Md., Jan. 2, 1803; died in Newport, R. I., May 24, 1889. He was a lineal descendant of George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore, and on his mother's side of the painter Rubens. He was graduated at Harvard College in 1823 and afterward studied at Göttingen. On his return to Baltimore he became editor of the "American," and while holding this office several years published "Illustrations of Phrenology," the first American treatise on the subject (1832), several poems, sketches of travel, and translations from Goethe and Schiller. In 1843 he established himself permanently in Newport, and in 1853 became the first Mayor of the city. As he had inherited a considerable fortune from his parents, he spent the remainder of his life in travel, literary work for its own pleasure, and old-fashioned generous hospitality. He was a pioneer in calling attention to and discussing the school of hydropathy, interested himself in all phases of current thought, and was a frequent contributor to the periodicals. His published works include "A Volume from the Life of Henry Barclay " (1833); "Don Carlos," a metrical version from the German (1836); "Count Julian." a tragedy (1840); "Cabrio" (1840); "The Battle of Lake Erie," oration (1853): "Joan of Arc" (1860); Arnold and André," historical drama (1864);" Goethe, his Life and Works" (1872); and "Wadsworth, a Biographical Study " (1878).

66

Cameron, Simon, statesman, born in Maytown (now Donegal), Lancaster County, Pa., March 8, 1799; died there, June 26, 1889. He was an orphan when nine years old, and was adopted by Dr. Grahl, of Sunbury, Pa., who proposed to educate him for a physician and to leave him his own practice; but when seventeen years old young Cameron ran away and apprenticed himself to Andrew Kennedy, then publishing the Northumberland "Gazette." In the following year he went to Harrisburg and found employment in the office of the "Republican," and while working there became acquainted with Samuel D. Ingham, Secretary of State of Pennsylvania, afterward Secretary of the United States Treasury. Mr. Ingham, who owned the Doylestown 66 Democrat," ," induced the young printer to become his editor, and, after re-establishing the paper, Mr. Cameron removed to Washington to gratify an ambition to study practical politics. He secured work as a compositor on the "Congressional Record," and applied all his leisure to making the acquaintance of public men and corresponding for the Doylestown "Democrat." Breaking down with hard work, he

returned to Harrisburg for rest, resumed his former place on the "Republican," and in a short time bought the paper. He changed its name to the "Intelligencer and advocated high tariff and the presidential candidacy of John C. Calhoun. The Legislature elected him State printer, and, holding the office for five years, he used its returns to become a contractor for the construction of several sections of the Pennsylvania Canal. While engaged on this work he became adjutant-general of the State. In 1832 he began building a canal between the Mississippi river and Lake Pontchartrain, near New Orleans, and the same year was sent for by President Jackson for a consultation on national politics. Through his efforts Pennsylvania and other States urged the President to accept a second term. Calhoun was set aside for Martin Van Buren as candidate for Vice-President and James Buchanan was elected United States Senator. Mr. Cameron's political power being thus established, he sold out his Lake Pontchartrain contract, concentrated his financial interests within his native State, founded a bank in Middletown, and aided in organizing the Harrisburg and Portsmouth Railroad. In 1845 he was elected United States Senator to succeed Mr. Buchanan, whom President Polk had called to his Cabinet as Secretary of State, and in his first term he acted with the Democrats on important party questions, such as the Missouri Compromise bill. He also voted in favor of the notice to England to terminate the joint occupancy of Oregon, opposed the settlement of the Oregon controversy by ceding to England the region between latitude 54° 40′ and 49° north, and advocated the war with Mexico. On the expiration of this term he became active in the People's party, and in 1856 was returned to the Senate as a Republican, though the new party was defeated in his State. In 1860 his name was presented at the National Republican Convention for the presidential nomination. In the canvass he gave hearty support to Mr. Lincoln, who after the inauguration appointed him Secretary of War. He held this office till Jan. 11, 1862, when he was appointed United States Minister to Kussia, where he rendered the national cause important service. In November following the House of Representatives censured one of his official acts, for which the President and Cabinet assumed equal responsibility, whereupon he resigned and returned home. In 1863 he aided in checking a scheme for the impeachment of President Lincoln for inefficiency. In 1866 and 1872 he was reelected United States Senator, and in the latter year succeeded Charles Sumner as chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations. In 1877 he resigned his seat and was succeeded by his son, James Donald Cameron. He was a stanch advocate of the nomination of Gen. Grant for a third term in 1880. In 1887 he made the last of his favorite summer trips to Europe and the West Indies, and on March 8, 1889, he celebrated his ninetieth birthday heartily with his old friends and neighbors.

Campbell, John Archibald, lawyer, born in Washington, Wilkes County, Ga., June 24, 1811; died in Baltimore, Md., March 12, 1889. He was graduated at the University of Georgia in 1826, was a student at the United States Military Academy a short time, removed to Florida and studied law, and was admitted to the bar by a special act of the Legislature in 1829 on account of being a minor. He began practicing in Montgomery, Ala., and subsequently removing to Mobile had charge of the settlement of a large number of landtitles that were complicated by the obscurity of the early Spanish grants. In 1836 he was elected a member of the State Legislature, and in 1853 was appointed an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court to fill a vacancy. He held this office till the spring of 1861, when he resigned, returned South, and was appointed Assistant Secretary of War in the Confederate Government. In February, 1865, he was one of the Southern commissioners in the Hampton Roads. After the war he was arrested and confined in For Pulaski, and, on being released on parole, settled in

New Orleans to practice. Among his opinions while a Supreme Court judge was a celebrated one on what is legally known as the great "State case"-the States of New York and Pennsylvania against Louisiana"-which established his view of the rights of the States under the Federal Constitution.

Capen, Francis L., astronomer, born in Sterling, Mass., March 17, 1817; died in Boston, Mass., July 31, 1889. He was graduated at Harvard College, where he took a Boylston prize for elocution in 1839. He made a special study of astronomy and atmospheric changes, and obtained considerable reputation for the accuracy with which he predicted approaching storms. In 1870 he visited Europe to observe the eclipse of Dec. 20, passed the winter of 1870-'71 on the island of Malta, where he continued his storm and weather predictions, and studied the phenomena of earthquakes. He calculated the time for the eruption of Vesuvius in March, 1871, published his prediction in the "Naples and Florence Observer" the same month, and reached Naples in time to see the display in April. He made interesting astronomical discoveries.

Carter, Robert, publisher, born in Earlston, Scotland, in November, 1807; died in New York city, Dec. 28, 1889. He received an academic education, taught for some time in his native city, and on removing to New York city became a tutor in Columbia College. In 1834 he opened a book store on the present South Fifth Avenue, and his business soon obliged him to seck larger quarters at the corner of Canal and Mercer Streets. In this store he began publishing, and brought out reprints of "Symington on the Atonement and Intercession of Jesus Christ" and D'Aubigné's "History of the Great Reformation." He was soon again forced into larger quarters, and in 1856 made his fourth removal and established himelf at Broadway and Spring Street. In 1848 he took his brothers Walter and Peter into partnership, and in 1874 his son Robert Carter, Jr., the firm name being Robert Carter & Brothers. The firm has entered largely into the publication of theological and religious works, representing every evangelical denomination. Mr. Carter survived all his early contemporaries, was the oldest living manager of the American Bible Society, and was a trustee of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church.

Cassidy, Lewis Cochran, lawyer, born in New York city, Oct. 27, 1829; died in Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 18, 1889. He removed to Philadelphia when a child, and was graduated at the Central High School in 1842. He was admitted to the bar in 1849, and applied himself wholly to criminal practice, and it is said that he never lost a case. Before he was twentyfive years old he was elected to the Legislature as a Democrat. In 1856 he was a candidate for districtattorney of Philadelphia County, but the office was awarded his opponent after a contest. In 1860 he was a delegate to the National Democratic Convention that met in Charleston, and was one of those who assembled in Baltimore after the party breach. He supported Stephen A. Douglas for the presidency, and through the civil war was a war Democrat, and an active abolitionist. Under his former law-student, Gov. Pattison, he became Attorney-General of Pennsylvania, and in 1880 was a delegate to the National Democratic Convention. The latter years of his life were occupied with corporation and civil practice.

Cazauran, Augustus R., playwright, born in Bordeaux, France, Oct. 31, 1820; died in New York city, Jan. 27, 1889. He was graduated at Dublin University in 1848, and came to the United States. Being an expert stenographer, he found employment on the New York "Herald" as law reporter, dramatic critic, editorial writer, and Crimean War correspondent till 1858, when he became associated with Benn Pitman in the preparation of text-books on stenography in Newport, Ohio. Subsequently he returned to journalism, and was employed on the Cincinnati "Enquirer" and the Memphis Argus," becoming editor of the latter just before the outbreak of the civil war. taken prisoner on the capture of Memphis by the na

He was

tional troops and sent to North Cairo; was arrested by the military authorities at St. Louis on a charge of having sent quinine through the Union lines to the Confederates; was again arrested at Norfolk on a charge of which he was acquitted; was employed some time by Gen. B. F. Butler at Fort Monroe, and then sent through the Confederate lines at Richmond, when he was arrested as a spy; and after being imprisoned several months in Castle Thunder, was exchanged. Reaching Washington in a destitute condition, he was employed on the "Chronicle" of that city, and reported the last public speech of President Lincoln, and witnessed and made the first report of his assassination. During the trial of the Lincoln conspirators he reported the proceedings for the "Associated Press." He returned to New York in 1869, and became a reader, writer, and adapter of plays for the Union Square Theatre in New York city. He had already produced plays founded on Miss Braddon's novels Aurora Floyd” and “John Marchmore's Legacy," and a version of "No Thoroughfare," all of which were successfully presented. While connected with the Union Square and, briefly, with the Madison Square Theatre he adapted many plays, of which the following were the most popular: "Miss Multon," from Belot; "The Danicheffs," from Dumas; "The Mother's Secret," from Sardou's "Seraphine" "The Man of Success," from Feuillet's "Montjoy"; "The Celebrated Case"; "French Flats"; "Daniel Rochet" "A Parisian Romance"; "Felicia"; "The Creole" "The Lost Children" "Mother and Son"; "The Rantzous"; and "The Martyr." He also wrote the drama "One Wife" for Charlotte Thompson. Chandler, Peleg Whitman, lawyer, born in New Gloucester, Me., April 13, 1816; died in Boston, Mass., May 28, 1889. He was graduated at Bowdoin College in 1834, studied law, and was admitted to the Sutfolk County, Mass., bar in 1837. While a student he introduced the novelty in journalism of reporting law proceedings, and for ten years was law reporter of the Boston "Advertiser." He also established "The Law Reporter," in the year of his admission to the bar, and conducted it for ten years. From student days till his death he maintained an active connection with journalism, and at one time purchased the "Advertiser," and was its largest stockholder for many years. He was a member of the Legislature from 1840 till 1846, and again in 1862-'63, and of the Common Council from 1843 till 1846, serving the last two years as its presiding officer. In 1846 he was chosen city solicitor, and held that office till Nov. 21, 1853, when he resigned, but was retained as special counsel in the management of city affairs for several years. He revised the city charter in 1854, and in the same year was appointed a member of the Executive Council. About twenty years ago deafness compelled him to abandon jury cases in the courts, but he continued to do a large business as counsel.

Chandler, Ralph, naval officer, born in New York, Aug. 23, 1829; died in Hong-Kong, China, Feb. 10, 1889. He was appointed a midshipman in the United States navy Sept. 27, 1845; was promoted passed midshipman, Oct. 6, 1851; master, Sept. 15, 1855; lieutenant, the following day; lieutenant-commander, July 16, 1862; comniander, July 25, 1866; captain, June 5, 1874; commodore, March 1, 1884; rearadmiral, Oct. 7, 1886; and was appointed to the command of the Asiatic squadron, Nov. 22, 1886. During his service in the navy he was on sea duty twentyseven years and five months, on shore or other duty fourteen years and five months, and was unemployed three years and seven months. He participated in the blockade and capture of Mazatlan and in two skirmishes in its vicinity, in the Mexican War; surveyed the Panama river and its affluents while on coast-survey duty; was a lieutenant on the United States steamship "Vandalia" in the engagement off Port Royal on Nov. 7, 1861; was on the San Jacinto" in the attack on the Sewell's Point batteries, and the capture of Norfolk in 1862; and as lieutenantcommander was in command of the "Iluntsville,"