As Adopted by the Convention, holden at Windsor, July fourth, one thousand seven hundred and ninetythree." This convention has been criticised for not certifying its amendments alone, and for the use of the word "adopted" on the title-page of the certified constitution. But the council of censors of 1792, following the precedent of 1785, promulgated the entire constitution as it was proposed to be, and also the entire constitution of 1786. The convention of 1793 refused to adopt the most important amendments proposed by the council, but did adopt many proposed amendments; and it does not appear that either the convention of 1786; or that of 1793 adopted any amendments that were not proposed, although in a very few instances slight verbal changes may have been made, the authority for which may not have appeared in the amendments as proposed. Most of even the more unimportant verbal changes will be found to have been proposed. And it does not appear, considering the way in which the proposed amendments were, by the councils proposing them, incorporated in the original text of the constitution, how the conventions of 1786 and 1793 could have certified separately the amendment adopted as has been done by later conventions. The convention of 1793, on the day it met, expunged the preamble. In extracts from the journal of this convention, furnished by Lewis R. Morris, its secretary, and printed in Spooner's Vermont Journal of July 22, 1793, appears the following: "Ordered, That the Preamble to the present Constitution be expunged." The full authority of the convention to take this action lies in the fact that the council of censors in promulgating the proposed changes set forth the constitution as proposed with the preamble omitted and the constitution of 1786 with the preamble retained; thus plainly promulgating the preamble as something to be abolished. THE LATER AMENDMENTS. The councils of censors of 1813, 1820, 1841, and 1855 proposed amendments, all of which the several conventions called by them refused to adopt. The council of censors of 1827, 1834, 1848 and 1869 proposed amendments, some of which in each case were adopted by the conventions which they called. The first article of amendments was adopted by a convention which met at Montpelier June 26, 1828, and adjourned June 28, 1828. The certificate of the president and secretary of the convention shows it was adopted June 27, 1828. The second to thirteenth articles of amendment, inclusive, were adopted by a convention which met at Montpelier January 6, 1836, and adjourned January 14, 1836. They were certified by the president and secretary of the convention January 14, 1836. The fourteenth to twenty-third articles of amendment, inclusive, were adopted by a convention which met at Montpelier January 2, 1850, and adjourned January 14, 1850. They were certified by the president and secretary of the convention January 12, 1850. The twenty-fourth, twenty-fifth and twenty-sixth articles of amendment were adopted by a convention which met at Montpelier June 8, 1870, and adjourned June 15, 1870. They were certified by the president and secretary of the convention June 14, 1870. The twenty-seventh and twenty-eight articles of amendment were proposed by the Senate and concurred in by the House in 1880, concurred in by the Senate and House in 1882, and adopted by a vote of the freemen March 6, 1883. INDEX TO THE CONSTITUTION OF VERMONT. ACCOUNTS OF TREASURER, to be audited and laid be- ACCUSATION, respondent may demand cause of, Ch. 1, Art. 10. ADDRESS, right of for redress of grievances. Ch. 1, ADJOURNMENT, right of general assembly as to, Ch. right of senate and house as to, Art. Amend., 3; effect of on bill in governor's hands, Art. Amend., 11. ALLEGIANCE, oath and affirmation of, Ch. 2, Sec. 29. manner of voting on by freemen, Art. Amend., APPORTIONMENT, of senators, according to popula- new, to be made after each census, Art. Amend., 23; of representatives, Ch. 2, Sec. 7. APPROPRIATION, necessary by legislation to draw ARMIES, STANDING, dangerous and ought not to be ARMS, people have a right to bear, Ch. 1, Art. 16. Sec. 4. to take security of sheriffs and high bailiffs, Art. to be elected by the freemen, Art. Amend., 14; to be elected by ballot, Art, Amend., 19; to be elected biennially, Art. Amend., 24; Sec. 2; B. BAIL, not to be excessive, Ch. 2, Sec. 33. BALLOT, governor, lieutenant-governor and treasurer town representatives to be elected by, Ch. 2, Sec. 8; county officers to be elected by, Art. Amend., 19; Sec. 10. BILLS, to pass both houses to become laws, Art. to be presented to governor for his approval, Art. vetoed, proceedings on, Art. Amend., 11; not returned, may become laws, Art. Amend., 11; BOROUGHS, general assembly may constitute, Ch. 2, BRIBERY, in elections, penalties prescribed for, Ch. 2, C. CANVASSING COMMITTEE, of general assembly, for of senate and house, for state officers, Art. CENSORS, COUNCIL OF, established, Ch. 2, Sec. 43; CHANCERY, COURT OF, may be erected when necessary CITIES, general assembly may constitute, Ch. 2, Sec. 9. CITIZENSHIP, certain rights of may be required by CIVIL POWER, military power to be subordinate to, COMMISSIONS, to be in name of the freemen, other re- governor to issue to officers, Ch. 2, Sec. 11; governor to issue to county officers, Art. Amend., COMMITTEE TO CANVASS VOTES, general assembly to CONSTITUTION, not to be infringed by general assem- declaration of rights a part of, Ch. 2, Sec. 42; COUNCILS OF CENSORS, established, Ch. 2, Sec. 43; |