Paupers, removal of, to Jersey and Guernsey.-By the 3 and 4 Will. 4. c. 40 persons born in Scotland or Ireland, or in the Isle of Scilly or Man,becoming chargeable, not having acquired a settlement in England must be removed by two justices in a manner directed by the justices at quarter Sessions. This Act repeals, 17 Geo. 1, c. 5, 59 Geo. 3, c. 12, and 5 Geo. 4. c. 83 as to those matters. See Settlement.

Pavements, repairs of.-In the case of Le Gros and others v. Le Breton and others,the Privy Council held, that the Royal Court of Jersey has no power to appoint Commissioners to repair the pavements of the town of St. Helier, and to raise the costs of such repairs by a tax on the inhabitants.-[Knapp's Reports.]

Pawnbrokers are not licensed, or prohibited: they carry on their business by sufferance, and are generally the receivers of stolen goods.

Pension, attachment of.-The following affidavit made in the case of Gaudin v. Miller, a Chelsea pensioner, which was a distress on defendant's goods as well as an arrest upon his person and pension, for rent before it became due,is taken from Bowditch's Treatise, Island of Jersey, p. 66.- Before one of the Magistrates of the Royal Court of the said Island, personally appeared Jas. Miller, an Out Pensioner, who on his oath saith, that on the 1st day of April, 1825, he applied to and took of the above Philip Gaudin, part of a dwelling house with about twenty perches of garden land until the Christmas following, at three pounds five shillings per annum. That in September last he was forbidden to interfere with the fruit in the garden, part of the premises in question. That on the 8th of October following, his goods were seized for the year's rent, himself arrested and imprisoned, and his pension-money of £4 6s. also attached and detained. And this deponent saith, that during the last six weeks of his imprisonment he was confined to his bed of a fever, arising from the dampness and unhealthy state of the prison, which brought him into a most destitute state. That the Deputy Sheriff seeing at length he was wrong in his action, peremptorily ordered him to quit the prison, accompanied with a threat, that if he did not go, he should be turned out. JAMES MILLER."

"Sworn at St. Heliers, Jersey, before me, THOS. PIPON."

Perimé.-When an Act of the States expires through lapse of time, not having received the Royal Assent within three years, it is said to be perimé. In the case of the Queen v. Anley, accused of having on the 8th Oct, 1836, made a false affidavit alleging that he had shipped on board the Cutter St.

Anne, 35 cabot of wheat, the produce of the Island, whereas it was of foreign growth, contrary to the provisions of an act of the States passed on the 19th day of June, 1834, a witness for the Crown (Daniel Hue,) having absented himself from the Island, until after the 19th June 1837, when the law expired, it not having been sent up for the Royal Assent, the full Court on an objection taken by defendant on his trial the 18th of Aug. 1837, held that inasmuch as the law had become defunct, the action could not be maintained, on which the prisoner was discharged! So also an Act of the Court granting leave to appeal from the inferior number to the Full Bench, if not renewed within six months is said to be perimé, by which the Judgment becomes irrevocable.-In Sohier v. Gaudin before the Full Court, Nov. 28, 1838, defendant having appealed against the judgment of the inferior number rendered on the 28th May, previous, moved the Bench, that his appeal be deferred faute de nombre, as the Bench was not competent, there being only six Magistrates present: the Court held that the cause had become perimé the day before. An appeal was demanded and refused.

Periodical Publications, printed and published in the islands of Jersey and Guernsey, may be sent to England in steam vessels, without manifest, under the following regulation :That the packages be accompanied by an affidavit or declaration, made before the Royal Court, certified by the Governor or Lieutenant-Governor, and attested by the Principal Officer of the Customs, shewing the number of packages, and the number of magazines or other periodicals contained there in ; that the same were bona fide printed on, from, and with British manufactured materials, which were imported into the said Islands from the United Kingdom, and that no article of foreign growth or produce form a component part thereof, and upon repayment of any drawbacks which have been received upon the exportation of any of the materials exported to the said Islands."-[Treasury Order.]

Perjury was formerly punished by pillory, but of late years it has been visited by imprisonment and certain civil disabilities.

Permit or licence for aliens to traffic or sell, is granted by the Bailiff, on the payment of a fee of about four shillings, but it must be renewed periodically.

Petition, right of.-By certain ordinances established by the Royal Commissioners in the 33rd year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, any person who shall set his name to any thing like a Petition is liable to severe punishment at the discretion of the

Magistrates-[Order in Council, 29th Sept. 1772, requiring the Court to forward a copy of the law on that subject.]

Pier Duts.-By Act of the States, dated July 1, 1836, sanctioned by Council, it is provided, "There shall be levied each voyage, on ships and vessels arriving in the harbours of this Island, for the salaries of the Harbour master, Directors, &c., viz: on each vessel of twenty-four tons and under, two shillings; and on each ship above twenty-four tons one penny stg. per ton, according to the guage." A bill has lately been brought into the States to alter the said dues, but it has not yet received the royal assent. In the case of Lerrier v. Nicolle, 1837, Bertram and Le Maistre held that defendant was personally responsible for the pier dues, which had accrued during his agency, to the Liverpool steamer, plaintiff having declared upon oath that the said Agent had undertaken to pay the same. See Quarantine and Anchorage dues.

Pilots are licensed by a board composed of 9 persons, 3 of whom must be merchants and 6 retired masters of vessels, appointed by the Committee of Harbours and Piers every 3 years. The qualifications of a pilot are 1st. a knowledge of the situation of the rocks in the neighbourhood of the Island. 2nd The course of the tides and currents. 3rd The manner of working ships and generally all that relates to the duties of Pilots. Their number is unlimited and their duties are to pilot ships and vessels coming into or sailing from the Harbours of St. Helier and St. Aubins. The regulations for Pilots and the tariff of dues for piloting is contained in an Act of the States passed on the 16th July, 1836, which not having been sent up for the royal assent, will expire through lapse of time, on the 16th July, 1839.

Pleadings.-No person can plead his own cause without permission of the Court, even though he be an Advocate, and a client having once selected his Advocate for a cause, by a rule of Court he cannot change him. Advocates are allowed two speeches on each side, but if they have no clients, they are not allowed to speak at all. By the Code of Laws of 1771, it is provided, that in order to avoid confusion, and that the right of each may be duly established no person shall be allowed to plead his cause without an advocate. The Queen's officers at ordinary Courts shall have a right to pass each six causes, after which each Advocate shall pass three, and so on according to the same order. Again: The Judges shall not plead nor give advice in any other causes than those wherein they shall be interested; those who undertake to do it, shall be deprived of their vote in the matter pending: however, when

a Judge shall not be satisfied upon some point in dispute, and that he shall be desirous to be better informed, in order to give a sound opinion, the Chief Magistrate shall see thereto. The Judges shall not give their opinions in an arbitrary manner but according to Law, and the customs of the island. Suits shall not be sent before arbitrators (except for the division and liquidation of accounts) and as to affairs in the Jurisdiction of the Viscount, they shall be sent before him as formerly, but the Judges shall not be named arbitrators in causes pending in Court. No one shall retain or engage more than one advocate to speak or plead in one cause. Parties and their Advocates, shall not interrupt each other in pleading, but the plaintiff shall establish his arguments, silence being kept by the adverse party; after which the latter shall make his reply, observing the same order, and in that manner proceed by reply and rejoinder if the matter so requires : and whosoever shall trangress this rule, if he be an Advocate, he shall be punished by fine at the discretion of the Court, which shall not exceed three livres tournois for the first offence, and shall be suspended for a month for the second, and for ever in case of another repetition, and if he be a private individual, they shall inflict on him a fine which shall not exceed three livres.

Pleas are usually set forth verbally, and are recorded by the Greffier they may be altered, amended, or retracted. In the case of Storey, (1836) who had pleaded Guilty to a charge of burglary, he was afterwards allowed to plead "Not Guilty," and the record was altered accordingly.

Poor, funds for.-All parochial assemblies held for considering the funds of the poor, should be presided by the Rector, and no assembly has a right to apply such funds to any but charitable purposes.

Poor's Rate is regularly assessed every year in January in all the parishes. The casual resources are totally insufficient, and the sums required to be levied for the relief of the poor, especially in the town and parish of St. Helier, are become very considerable. The poor's rate is not assessed as in England on the occupiers or tenants, but on all the freeholders resident in the Parish. All persons assessed to the poor's rate acquire the elective franchise, and those who contribute to a certain amount, as regulated by an Order of Council of 1804, are Principaux of the Parish, and members of the Vestry. The clergy are exempted from the poor's rate for their benefices, but not from contributing to the special defence of the Island. -Code, 177, p. 268.

Post Office, embezzling letters.—In the case of Wm. Smith, a postman, who in 1838, was convicted of fraud, swindling and robbery, by breaking open a letter, and appropriating its contents, namely, three bank notes, value £5 each, to his own private use, was sentenced to six months hard labour, and at the expiration thereof to be banished from the Island for the term of five years. Banishment from Jersey, means transportation to England (!) and being there set at liberty!

Powers of Attorney are held to be valid if executed according to the laws of the country where made. It requires a special power to execute a deed conveying any interest in rent. lands or houses, but it is not necessary that such special power should be recited in the deed itself. The deed however must recite the authority or power of attorney as being of record in the registry, because powers of attorney for general purposes in the island, have no authority until registered in the Court. Those for the sale of Stock in England may be executed before a Jurat, Notary Public, or Vice Consul; the charge by a Jurat is Is., and by Notary Public and Vice Consul, 5s.

Precedents.-The precedents of the Royal Court are overwhelmingly numerous, and are so often unjust and contradictory, that they may be compared to papers in so many pigeon holes, from which some may be taken out to suit every occasion. They ought therefore to be received with particular caution, even setting aside the ignorance, prejudice and party feeling, which may have dictated several of them allowances must still be made, when viewed in the most favourable light, that men of different minds and under different circumstances, will often decide very differently about the same matters.[Durell,]

Prevots are six officers of the Court who deliver the summonses in civil causes, which they are bound to do within one clear day after they receive them. Their fee is three pence each. By the Code of Laws of 1771, it is provided, that "the Prèvots shall be bound to answer by word of mouth the summonses they shall have delivered for the Saturday's, Court, and shall be reputed disobedient if they shall forget when the cause shall be called, and be bound to answer for losses and prejudices which shall happen to the parties, through their default." They take the following oath :-"You promise and swear by the faith and oath that you owe to God, that well and faithfully you will exercise the office of Queen's Prévot in the parish that you shall make all true and good summonses and records, and see that the right of Her Majesty be guarded

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