place, to be a seditious person, and an enemy to the king and queen's government."

address was denominated seditious, and Bradford was arrested and imprisoned for printing it. The sheriff seized a form containing four quarto pages of the types Bradford and Macomb, who had been imprisoned, apof the address; he also took into his custody a quantity peared at this court, and requested that they might be of paper, and a number of books, which were in Brad-brought to trial; pleading that it was very injurious to ford's shop, with all the copies of the address which he them, and their families, to remain in confinement. They could find. The civil authority took up the business; claimed, as free born English subjects, the rights secur and, as Keith and Bradford state the facts, they who per-ed by Magna Charta, among which was the prompt adsecuted them in the religious assemblies, condemned ministration of justice; and Bradford, in particular, deand imprisoned them by civil process-the judges of sired that his trial might then take place, "because, not the courts, being the leading characters in the meetings. only his person was restrained, but his working tools, Several of Keith's party were apprehended and impri-and the paper and books from his shop, were taken from soned with Bradford; and, among them, Thomas Budd, him, and without these he could not work and maintain and John Macomb. The offence of the latter consisted his family." in his having two copies of the address, which he gave to two friends in compliance with their request.

The following was the warrant for committing Bradford and Macomb.

"Whereas William Bradford, printer, and John Macomb, taylor, being brought before us upon an information of Publishing, Uttering and Spreading a Malitious and Seditious paper, intituled, An Appeal from the twen ty eight Judges to the Spirit of Truth, &c. Tending to the disturbance of the Peace and the Subversion of the present government, and the said Persons being required to give Securitie to answer it at the next court, but they refused so to do. These are therefore by the King and Queens Authoritie and in our Proprietarys Name, to require you to take into your Custody the Bodies of William Bradford and John Macomb, and them safely keep till they shall be discharged by due Course of Law. Whereof fail not at your Peril; and for your so Doing, this shall be your sufficient Warrant. Given under our Hands and Seales this 24th of August, 1692. "These to John White Sheriff of Philadelphia or his Deputies."

Signed by Arthur Cook, and four others.

The day after the imprisonment of Bradford and his friends, a "Private Sessions," as it was called, of the county court was holden by six justices, all Quakers, who, to put a better complexion on their proceedings, requested the attendance of two magistrates, who were not Quakers.

Soon after this session of the court Bradford was, by some means, released from his confinement. It is said, that in the examination of the 'frame.' the jury not being acquainted with reading backwards, attempted to raise it from the plank on which it was placed, and to put it in a more favorable situation for inspection; and that one of them assisting with his cane, pushed against the bottom of the types as the form was placed perpendicularly, when, like magic, this evidence against Bradford instantly vanished, the types fell from the frame, or chase as it is termed by printers, formed a confused heap, and prevented further investigation.

Bradford having incurred the displeasure of the dominant party in Pennsylvania, and receiving encouragement to settle in New York, he, in 1693, removed to that city; but it is supposed he had a concern in the press, which was continued in Philadelphia.

Bradford continued to print for the government of N. York, and during thirty years, was the only printer in the province.

On the 16th of October 1725, he began the publica tion of the first newspaper printed in that colony.

He continued his residence in the city, and enjoyed a long life, without experiencing sickness or the usual infirmities of age. Several years before his death, he re tired from business, and lived with his son William, in Hanover square. As early as 1728, he owned a paper mill at Elizabethtown, N. J. When this mill was built, I cannot determine; but I believe it was the first that was erected in New Jersey; and, it is not altogether improbable that it was the first built in British America.

This Court assembled, it seems, for the purpose of convicting Keith, Budd, and their connexions, of seditious conduct, and of condemning them without a hearing; but the two magistrates who were not Quakers, if walked over a great part of the city. He died May 23, On the morning of the day which closed his life, he we credit Keith and Bradford, reprobated the measure, and refused to have any concern in it, declaring, that the 1752, aged ninety-four. The New York Gazette which whole transaction was a mere dispute among the Qua- that he came to America seventy years ago; was prinannounced his death on the Monday following, mentions, kers respecting their religion, in which the government had no concern. They, however, advised that Keith, ter to the government upwards of fifty years; and was and others accused, should be sent for, and allowed to a man of great sobriety, and industry; a real friend to defend themselves, and affirmed that if any thing like the poor and needy, and kind and affable to all:-His sedition appeared in their practice, they would join temperance was exceedingly conspicuous; and he was heart and hand in their prosecution. To this the Qua- almost a stranger to sickness all his life. He had left ker magistrates would not consent, and the others in off business several years past, and being quite worn consequence left the court. The court, then, as is sta-out with old age and labour, his lamp of life went out for want of oil." ted in a pamphlett "proceeded in their work, and as they judged George Keith in their spiritual court, without all hearing or trial, so in like manner, they prosecu- GENERAL STATEMENT OF THE COMMERCE ted him in their temporal court without all hearing." The pamphlet further states that "one of the judges declared that the court could judge of matter of fact without evidence, and therefore without more to do, proclaimed George Keith by the common cryer, in the market

"Twenty eight," meaning those who condemned Keith, in what he called "their Spiritnal Court."

OF PENNSYLVANIA.

We have compiled the following table from the different tables, contained in Seybert's and Pitkin's statistics, to the year 1815-from that period to the end, we have been favoured with the necessary documents from This pamphlet is entitled, "New England Spirit of the Register's office at Washington. The whole togePersecution, transmitted to Pennsilvania, and the Pre-ther, forms probably the most complete view of the tended Quaker found Persecuting the True Christian commerce of this state from its commencement to the Quaker in the Tryal of Peter Boss, George Keith, Tho- present time, that has ever been published. In a future mas Budd and William Bradford, at the Sessyons held at Philadelphia the Ninth, Tenth, and Twelfth days of number we may make some further observations on December 1692. Giving an account of the most Arbi- these tables, which we have not leisure at the present trary Proceedings of that Court." moment to do.

NOTE. The Exports and Imports are for the years ending the 30th of September, all the other columns,

REWARD OF MERIT. Harrisburg, Penn. April 11th, 1826. CAPTAIN DAVID CONNER, United States Navy. Sir-It affords me great pleasure to convey to you a copy of a preamble and resolution, unanimously adopted by the legislature of Pennsylvania, and to have the opportunity of communicating to you the high sense the government of Pennsylvania entertains for your good conduct and intrepidity, displayed as an officer of the United States navy, in two, among the most brilliant naval engagements of the late war.

the several courts, the mayor, recorder, aldermen, and select and common councils of the city of Philadelphia, and a large assemblage of citizens. A copy of my address to Captain Conner, and his reply, are hereto annexed.

Hoping that what has been done will meet with your approbation, I have the honor to be, with sentiments of much respect and esteem, your obedient servant, G. B. PORTER, Adj. General Pa.

ADDRESS.

Captain Conner-On this, the anniversary of the most Arrangements have been made to have the sword di- memorable day in the history of nations-and at that rected to be presented to you, prepared for that pur-hall in which the independence of these United States pose, as early as practicable.

I have the honour to be,
Very respectfully,

Your obedient servant,

J. ANDW. SHULZE.

Sir-I have had the honour to receive your letter of the 11th inst. accompanied with a "copy of the preamble and resolution unanimously adopted by the legislature of Pennsylvania." This flattering testimony of the approbation of my native state, so obligingly communicated by your excellency, has penetrated me with the deepest gratitude.

In return, I can only pledge myself to use the sword which has been so liberally voted to me, in such a cause, and on such occasions, as must receive the sanction of the patriotic authorities from which it emanated.

Be pleased to accept the assurance of the very high regard of your excellency's most obedient servant.

Adjutant General of Pennsylvania. Sir-by a resolution of the legislature of Pennsylvania, of the twenty-fifth of February, 1826, an official copy of which is herewith transmitted, the governor was requested to procure and present, in the name of the commonwealth, to captain DAVID CONNER, of the United States' navy, for his good conduct and intrepidity, displayed in two of the naval engagements with the enemy, during the late war, an appropriate sword; not to exceed in price the sum of four hundred dollars; and the governor having received information that the sword is now prepared and ready for delivery, has instructed me to inform you, that it is his wish that you will repair to the city of Philadelphia, and on his behalf, and in the name of the commonwealth, present the said sword to Captain Conner, agreeably to the said resolution of the legislature.

I am, with much respect, your obedient servant,

I. D. BARNARD.
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE,

Lancaster, November 9, 1827.}

was first proclaimed to an astonished world, I have the gratification of performing the most pleasing task which could devolve upon me-to communicate to you the high sense which the government of this commonwealth entertains for your good conduct and intrepidity, displayed in two of the most brilliant exploits of our naval forces during the late war, and to present to you, in the name of the Governor of the commonwealth of Pennsyl vania, an appropriate sword, which has been procured agreeably to a resolution unanimously adopted by the legislature.

In referring to the account of the capture of his Britannic Majesty's ship Peacock, by the United States sloop of war Hornet, in which you were acting lieuten ant, your conduct is eminently conspicuous for undaunt ed courage and great bravery, while the battle raged; for consummate skill and matchless intrepidity in executing the order for the removal of the prisoners; and for that noble philanthropy and humanity exhibited in your unexampled exertions to save, at the imminent risk of your own life, the lives of those whom you had so gallantly defeated. Truly did your commanding officer, the immortal Lawrence, in his official report to the Secretary of the Navy say, "he would be doing injustice to your merits, were he not to recommend you particularly to his notice."

Nor, sir, is there less to applaud in your patriotic and meritorious conduct, when, while first lieutenant in the same vessel, she captured the Penguin. Not even a desperate wound, nor the expectation that impending fate seemed to have decreed that in a few moments more your gallant spirit should wing its flight to eternity, could daunt your courage, while victory was yet uncertain. No, sir, although exhausted by loss of blood, so copiously shed for the honour of your country, you maintained your post with heroic ardour, and lived to witness a glorious victory, in which you acted so noble a part, that well might the brave captain Biddle say, as he did, "you were an officer of much promise, and that your conduct was in the highest degree creditable to yourself, and called for his warmest recommendation." This, sir, is not flattery. It is honour to the brave, for conduct which has aided in establishing for our country a character the most exalted, and which has covered you and the other officers of our navy, with imperisha. ble glory.

His Excellency, J, ANDREW SHULZE, Pennsylvania has always vied with her sister states; Governor of Pennsylvania. has taken a just pride in conferring honours on her naSir-It becomes my duty to report to you that agree- tive citizens. And I can truly say, no one more heartily ably to your wish, as expressed in the letter of the Se- applauds this patriotic zeal, than our present executive, cretary of State of the 15th of June last, I repaired to the Governor Shulze. It is a source of pleasure and satiscity of Philadelphia, and on the 4th day of July present-faction to him, that during his administration he has the ed, on your behalf, and in the name of the common- opportunity of procuring and presenting this sword, to wealth of Pennsylvania, to captain David Conner, of the one so justly entitled to it; whose achievements have United States' navy, the sword which had been prepar-aided so much in convincing the world that, man to man, ed by Messrs. Fletcher and Gardiner, under your directions, agreeably to a resolution of the legislature, passed on the twenty-fifth day of February, 1826. The ceremony of presentation was performed in front of the state house, in the presence of commodore Bainbridge, captain Elliott, and the other naval officers attached to the In this sentiment permit me to tell you, I most corstation, and then in the city, General Patterson's bri-dially concur. And although I regret, exceedingly, that gade of volunteers, the Cincinnati society, the Judges of this "tribute of respect"-this honour justly due, has

and ship to ship, the star spangled banner is invincible; that however contemptible the "striped bunting" had been in the eyes of the British navy, their proud banners were and ever will be humbled by the unconquerable bravery and superior skill of American spirits.

1825.1

MAUCH CHUNK.

been so long withheld; which can only be accounted for | where each axle-tree is subjected to friction. Fourteen by your extreme modesty, and that of your friends, in wagons move together in a section, and two sections go not presenting your claims and services to the notice of down at the same time. All being ready, the bugle of Very little effort was necessary to set the government of your native state; yet I trust you wiil the coachman sounded, and the company saw the two not consider it the less acceptable, when you are assur- sections start. One man is sufficient to ed that the resolution which I present you was unani- them in motion. At first they went off slowly, gaining mously adopted, as soon as it was offered, and that every velocity as they advanced. citizen of Pennsylvania believes, that should the go- each section of the wagons, and of course twenty-one vernment of the United States, at any time hereafter, be- tons of coal. He mounts a little box behind, and by the come engaged in war upon the ocean, nothing but an simple pulling of a rope, restrains their speed to any opportunity will be wanting to convince them, that you point between twenty miles and one mile an hour. He continue worthy of their partiality and kind feeling; that has the train in perfect command. Next to the two secyou will do honour to the state which gave you birth; that tions, and perhaps 40 perches in the rear, came the you are deserving of that high recommendation, which pleasure carriages filled with company from the Hotel, in your youth you obtained; that you are capable of tak- ladies and gentlemen. Of these there were fourteen or ing the place of Decatur, Perry, Lawrence, and those fifteen. The coachman, a merry fellow, yet exceedingother naval worthies, who, though called from this to, ly civil and obliging, took his seat, called to his horses, After us came a section of boxes, filled with mules we trust, a better world, have left their names and cha- cracked his whip, and away we went at fine speed. racters as imperishable as the world itself; that you are which they eat with as much freedom as if in their stadestined to be one of the most honoured and illustrious and horses, troughs before them filled with provender, bles, as they roll along the rail-way. The road is made among the bravest of the brave. by laying logs across it, perfectly bedded and levelled, a foot perhaps a part; on these, lengthwise, and running with the road, and on each side wide enough apart for On these are nailed bars of iron. the wheels to run, are fastened two timbers six or seven inches square. This simple-very simple construction, constitutes the Hear you that distant rumbling sound rail-road. Consider yourself standing a few perches from the way. like an earthquake? In an instant behold those wagons! with what speed they come, yet how regular are their movements!-how easily they guide!-with what facility they turn with every turning of the road! A lever is fixed to each wagon from near the front left wheel, and rises above the side of the car; by pulling that lever back, by the most simple machinery, every whecl is clasped by two semi-circular pieces of wood. The friction thus produced retards or instantly stops the wagon, however fast it may be going. All these levers are fastened together by a rope, the end of which is held by the one who guides, so that at pleasure, he can stop the whole train with scarce an effort.

CAPTAIN CONNER'S REPLY.

It is with emotions of the deepest sensibility that I receive this most gratifying evidence of the approbation with which the government of my native state has viewed my public services. A splendid testimonial of this character, emanating from a state, distinguished for her enlightened patriotism, constitutes the highest reward to which an officer can aspire. The sons of Pennsylvana engaged in the national service, may well be proud of their birthright, since she loses no opportunity of rewarding the humblest of them, who have acquitted themselves in a satisfactory manner, while engaged with the enemies of our country.

For the kind and flattering manner in which you have been pleased to notice my humble services, I offer to you my most respectful thanks. I also beg leave to offer, through you, to the members of the legislature, and to the distinguished patriot who now occupies the execut ve chair of the state, and whom you now represent, my most heartfelt thanks for the honour which has been this day conferred upon me. The splendour of the reward which you have so handsomely bestowed, has far exceeded my deserts; and though I cannot hope to fulfil the high expectations which you have been pleased to express; yet it shall be my constant duty to exercise all the talents and zeal I may possess, when an opportunity shall again offer, to defend the rights of our beloved [Journal of the Senate. country.

(From the Village Record.) MAUCH CHUNK-IN CONCLUSION.

A few steps from the landing of the raft brought me to the Mauch Chunk Hotel, a large and elegant building, well finished and furnished, and crowded with well dressed, fashionable people, evidently strangers, on a A glance round the tea-table, told visit to the mines. me there was both beauty and grace among the female visitants. An examination of the book, where each person's name is recorded, informed me that some of the first characters and talent of the state, were guests at the mansion. After an early breakfast, the bugle sounded to rally all the company who wished to visit the mines and view the rail-road. Behold us on the summit level, a mile from the mine-and eight from the river, preparing to return-a sky clear-a gentle breeze and pure air, bracing the frame, and giving buoyancy to the spirits. A brigade of fifty-three wagons was drawn up on the rail-road, each loaded with a ton The wagons are square boxes, widand a half of coal. ening at the top; some of wood-some of sheet iron, running on low cast iron wheels, of 18 to 24 inches diameter-the felloes four inches broad, cast with a flange on the inner edge to keep the wheel in its place on the rail-way. The axle-tree, of iron, turns with the wheel. A tin tube is inserted, having a piece of sponge at the bottom, to permit oil to trickle througir constantly,

Behold the pleasure carriages coming! The driver has let the coal train get a mile ahead-for that moves only about five miles an hour, though it might go 10 or 15, or even more, but five is deemed most prudent. The rogue They are of the same train speed of his fleet steeds. has let the way become clear to show the company the with those of Achilles, begotten by the wind-aerial coursers. Imagination can scarcely conceive their swiftness. He cracks his whip-speaks sharply, as if he had really Xanthus and Balius before him; the carriages glide with the velocity of the swallow, and almost with its apparent ease-a breeze seems to meet you, so swiftly do you press upon the air-the respiration becomes more hurried. Scarcely have you tasted the pleasure of this rapid motion before you approach the coal train. The driver calls gently to his steeds, and in a moment, by his lever, the carriages are moving slowly and gently along the smooth way.

And lastly, what do you see? Did even imagination, in its wildest flights, ever picture to itself wagons laden with twenty-two tons running for many miles without aid, and more than this, that mules and horses should The whole view of the descent of the ride in coaches, feasting by the way like London turtle fed aldermen! wagons, coaches, and mule boxes, is one of the most inciting, extraordinary-pleasing and wonderful, that I have ever beheld. Wonderful-wonderful! again and again, exclaimed every one to whom it was new. returning, three mules draw up four carts ce wagons. The ascent being moderate the labour is light. Two I used to give 34 and 4 hundred tons are delivered at the landing a day, at a cost of about 22 cents per ton. dollars a ton for hauling coal from the mine. The coal field itself is an object of curiosity. Rail-roads are laid

On