Form of a Bond. KNOW all Men by these Presents, That I R. P, Esq. of the city of Philadelphia, am held and sales. Charles Patton was a young Irish gentleman, of fair complexion, with fine white teeth; all civility, gaiety and good humor. J. B. was a fine, portly young Engfirmly bound to George Clymer and John Nixon, Direc-lish gentleman, with dark red hair; he was spoken of as tors of the Bank of Pennsylvania, in being very adroit and active in business, showing a hearty civility to every one, without flummery, but with a penetrating, interrogating eye. As was then the fashion for gentlemen, the Colonel and his two aids wore "clubbed hair," deeply powdered every morning by the barberthat is to say, the hair had been first cultivated until it had become of extreme length, then separated into three parts, then powdered, twisted, and twined together into a kind of three-strand small cable, then doubled up and fastened by a riband. When looking to the right, the Pounds, of Lawful Money of Pennsylvania, to be paid in Silver or Gold Coin, to the said George Clymer and John Nixon or their certain Attorney, Executors, Administrators or Assigns, for which payment well and truly to be made, I bind Myself, my Heirs, Executors and Administrators firmly by these Presents. Sealed with my Seal, dated this twenty-second day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and eighty. WHEREAS the above bounden R P hath by an instrument of Writing, bearing date the sev-knot and club of hair rolled gradually towards the left enteenth day of this present month of June subscribed, and pledged his Property and Credit, for the sum of Five Thousand Pounds in Specie, in order to support the Credit of a Bank, to be established for furnishing a supply of provisions for the Armies of the United States. Now the condition of this obligation is such, that if the said R- P——————————, his Heirs, Executors or Administrators, shall pay such sums of money, not amounting inters being scarce, J. B. was celebrated for his writing the whole, to more than the aforesaid sum of Five thousand Pounds, as the Inspectors or Directors of the Bank of Pennsylvania shall from time to time demand. Then this Obligation shall be void and of none effect, or else shall be and remain of full force and virtue. WILLM. GRAYSON, TIM: PICKERING. R. P. shoulder, and vice versa when looking to the left, leaving the cape and all between the shoulders, one complete mass of powdered grease. Possibly it may be ascribed to first impressions, when it is asserted, that these powdered "clubs" of hair conferred a certain dignified appearance upon the owners, not observable in the French Revolutionary "Brutus Crop." Good hand wrirapidly, in an elegant flowing hand. Though now they be as "plenty as blackberries, there was (as remembered) but one ornamental writer spoken of in the city; namely, William Kinnear. 'Twas he who executed those holiday notices, framed, no one knows where, but preserved carefully for antiquity's sake, and regularly suspended for a week before each holiday on the Pillar within-The (Old Congress) Bank." Mr. Mitchell, the "crier," or salesman, was celebrated for his unparalleled dispatch in sales; the brilliant finale Of the foregoing persons, only two, viz: William Hall of his once, twice, going-gone, and the neat tap of his and John Donaldson are now living. By an advertisement, it appears the Bank opened on the 17th July, 1780, in Front street, two doors above Walnut street. Hours 9 to 12 A. M. and 3 to 5 P. M. To show the mode of doing business, we copy the ad vertisement. hammer. At that time, catalogue sales of goods, from England, were unknown; being about the time of the arrival here, of the Old Alliance, after her first American voyage to Canton, amid the firing of cannon, and huzzas from the citizens lining the wharves. There being but one "City Auction," and the hour of sale known to every one, the purchasers used to assemble early, as at a funeral, near the door. The "crier" then came out "All persons, who have already lent money, are de- with bell in hand, which he rung for a minute or so; sired to apply for Bank notes: and the Directors request then giving what he called one 'hard ring,' he proclaimthe favour of those who may hereafter lodge their Cash ed in his loudest tone of voice, 'we are just going to bein the Bank, that they would tie it up in bundles of bills gin,' They did not hire a bell-man to keep the immeof one denomination, with labels, and their names en-diate neighbourhood in irremediable distress, by his indorsed, as the business will thereby be done with less trouble and much greater despatch." The tenth and last instalment was called in on the 15th November, 1780." terminable jingling, deafening din, for an half hour together, without considering for a moment, whether or no there might be in the vicinity, some sick prostrated being, with imploring eye and hand, beseeching some one, in faint accents, to go and 'stop that dreadful bell.' The Bank continued in operation till the establish- The Northern Liberties Vendue,' by Christian Febiger, ment of the Bank of North America. AUCTIONS. Looking over the other day, the list of names of the twelve Auctioneers, now in commission, in the city, and of the duties annexed, amounting to nearly 120,000 dollars paid by them annually, into the Treasury of the State, the mind involuntarily glanced back to the time, when neither Connelly, Footman, Fox nor Yorke, had been seen as yet, wielding the auction hammer; when the whole auction business of the city of Philadelphia, now so populous, was transacted by Col. John Patton, in a one story brick house, No. 78 South Front street, assisted by his two clerks, Charles Patton and J. B.; also by Mr. Mitchell, "Crier," salesman and bell-ringer. It was a "day of small things" comparatively, but of great importance at the time; and probably a few reminiscences relative to auctions in the Olden Time, may not be unacceptable. Colonel John Patton, in his personal appearance from the stage, was a very fine military looking man, with red and powdered hair, and of middle age. He had the credit among the purchasers, of being tho't very dignified in his manner, yet very affable and civil in business, or in superintending the stage during the was held at No. 204 North Second street, above Vine. The vendue in Southwark by John Mease, at the south east corner of Front and South streets. Trifling sales were sometimes made at Billy Cooper's in Jersey, and at the sign of the Fish, over Schuylkill, beyond the High street "Floating Bridge." At the vendues in the Liberties, sometimes, one Breneise acted as "crier," and sometimes Charles Smith. Breneise was remarkable for his Cogniac redness of face; his patient and smiling looks; his bell-metal tone of voice, and his untiring lungs; during a long sale. Charles Smith was a tall, muscular, square-built man, with a fashionable profusion of dark red hair, which he wore 'clubbed,' but without powder. A 'cowlick' in front, caused the hair to stand erect from above his narrow forehead. He had a blemish in one eye; a nose rounded at the point; a square broad face; a German accent with a lisp; an extended mouth, with a smirk upon it at all times, as though in possession at the moment, of some merry thought. He occasionally exhibited a most quizzical grin, more especially after having, during the time of sale and from the stage, discharged one of his keenest shafts of satire at some broad mark, among the crowd below. At such times his mouth extended, rounding upwards from ear to ear, not unlike a very new moon-or Wilkes, by Hogarth. The most remote corner of the auction room was no security from his biting and sarcastic wit; and none could hinder or avoid his missives. He used to be pointedly severe upon those Loungers who haunt the auction room to kill time, but who never buy, not sparing even the best purchasers themselves at times, producing anger in some and laughter in others, at this incorrigible (stage) Grimaldi. About this period the Dry Goods business, consisted in regular spring and fall importations-of such English Goods, as had been ordered out, by the Regular Importing Merchants, and sold by them to the Retailers of the city, and to the country "Storekeepers"-who came in to buy. Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee (Merchants,) were as yet unknown in the business. They were spoken of as places, or settlements, away off, in the "back woods,"-beyond the Allegheny Mountains!-A Trader from thence would be more gazed after, and talked to, than one now, arriving from Sante Fe, in New Mexico, or the mouth of Columbia River. Now and then, the spectacle of a travelling wagon, was to be seen passing through the city; guided by some restless spirit from the neighbourhood of Cape Cod. His wife and children, pots, kettles, and pans, stowed away under cover. His faithful dog in company, Occasionally vexed and nosed by the city curs, while walking with drooping head and ears, between the head wheels. The man singing (in dismal merriment,) some chorus of a song, about the merry banks of the Ohi-0,--where, at that period of time- "The Indian's tread Stole noiseless, and cold, as statued lead; With eyes of flame, and painted head Midst shout and yell their blood to shed," The importing merchants and others, who wished to close sales, or get rid of some of their "Old Shopkeepers," used to send their goods to auction privately, or under cover of the night--(What would Mrs. Grundy say?) The present auction system--be it right or be it wrong--the auction stores, strewed thick as the autum nal leaves with multitudinous bales of English merchandize, and the sales superintended by agents sent out for the very purpose, operating in its course to the detriment, and final overthrow, of the American Importing Merchant, was as yet unknown. The only English mercantile agents, known as such in this city, could be named at once, as Ralph Mather, Arthur Collins, J- A— and John Mucklethwaite. From the floating recollections (of a boy) and the concurring testimony of others, who had knowledge in the business of those times--every satellite to the Dry Goods system must have moved in their proper orbits. Every rivulet, stream, and river, had its proper boundary and flow towards the great ocean of regular comThe frequent elevated eyebrow and uplifted hand in astonishment, at another--and another tremendous crash, in the city, was at that time, a rare occurrence; indeed, as rare as a Fast Day Proclamation by the then Governor Mifflin, merce. and descent upon the stage and floor, of handsful of bird shot which had been thrown against the ceiling. by some of the "young reprobates" in the back ground, One night by one of them shaking a gauze bag filled with Scotch snuff ('twas said) against the wall, the whole company was seized with a violent fit of sneezing, which put an end to the evening's sale, notwithstanding the entreaties for them to stay by old Delap, and the maledictions of his clerk, Patridge, against the young scoundrels, as he called them, while seeking hastily around for his Cowskin. LANG SYNE. [Amer. Daily Adver. A CURIOSITY. [The following morceau of the early literature of the State, has been carefully handed down to us in the ori ginal hand-bill, published one hundred and five years since. It is ornamented with the usual symbols of death the head, and bones, and hour-glass. Respecting the individual whose untimely end is lamented in such plaintive strains, we have been able to learn nothing, excepting that he was really clerk of the Assembly in 1722-3, ing that a ferry at Philip England's old ferry place, over and that he presented to the house "a petition, requestSchuylkill, may be confirmed to him by a law"-which was read and ordered to lie on the table; read a second time and considered, and leave granted to bring in a bill according to his request. But it appears that the Mayor and Commonalty of the city, though they paid him funeral honours, were not quite so respectful to him while living, for they petitioned that the ferry from High street over Schuylkill, may be vested in the said commonalty, for the better management of the said ferry, and in no other person," and that they also had leave to bring in a bill, "the former petitioner Aquila Rose," mitting to the opinion of the house in it." The com in his goodness, "delaying his bill on purpose, and submonalty prevailed, and, not long after, Aquila "died and was buried" to the great grief of the whole city, in the 28th year of his age. He appears to have been a Poet, but in this character, his "sweet fragrant name," has not, as our author predicted, lasted till "circling years shall cease to be"-we are not aware that any of his productions are now known. He was likewise a Printer, and a learned man-and must no doubt have been much respected and beloved to have caused the poet to exhaust his store of tears, and the aged postmaster his "crutch forego." He appears also to have possessed qualities rare in those days, but which every one who dies now-a-days possesses--"he was a loving father, tender husband, a kind friend and a sincere Christian." Thomas, in his "History of Printing," says: a "The first production of Keimer's press was an elegy of his own, on the death of Aquila Rose, printer, a young man of an excellent character, Secretary to the ford's printing house. Keimer was engaged in this General Assembly, and the principal workman in Bradelegy, mentally and manually, when he first saw Franknot be said to write in verse, for his method was to set lin, who observes, that Keimer was a poet, but 'could the lines in types as they flowed from his muse,'"] AN ELEGY Such being the state of things, it is presumable these agents, instead of haunting the auctions as now-a-days, had little more to do than exhibit patterns On the much Lamented DEATH of the INGENIOUS and receive orders; watch like hovering hawks over the interest of their different houses; give an occasional fee to "Lawyer Lewis," (that Great Gun of the Law,) or purchase for remittance, the First water Bills on London. Books being scarce, there existed but one Book Auction in the city, and that a miserable one. 'Twas held by one Delap, in what had been a Dancing School room in Church alley. As an auction, it used to be lighted by some tallow candles; sufficiently so, as to render the surrounding darkness visible." It was no uncommon thing to hear, during a pending bid, and just as the #Crier" was going to tap with his hammer the rattle and WELL-BELOVED AQUILA ROSE, CLERK to the Honourable ASSEMBLY at Philadel phia, who died the 24th of the 4th month, 1723. Aged 28. WHAT Mournful Accents thus accost mine Ear, Cropt in the Blooming of his precious Youth! Assist ye Philadelphians with Consent, To distant Climes, where his Great Worth was known, For there are bright Youths, who when they hear Doth with deep Silence his great Worth proclaim, One's Queen of Flowers, the Other King of Birds. His flowing Numbers and his lofty Rhime, Have breath'd, and spoke his Thoughts, thro' every So warm'd my Soul (and oft inspired my Tongue,) A gen'rous Mind tow'rds all his Friends he bore, Sincere and plain, (I make not any Doubt,) Of different learned Tongues, he somewhat knew. But stop my Muse, and give thy Sorrows vent, Such Sorrows which in Hearts of Friends are pent, Search deep for Sighs and Groans in Nature's Store, Then weep so long, till thou canst weep no more, Next Summons all thy Strength, and others call, To tell his Death, and solemn Funeral. While on his Death-Bed, oft, Dear Lord, he cry'd, He sang, and sweetly like a Lamb, he dy'd. His Corps attended was, by Friends so soon From Seven at Morn, till One a-clock at Noon, By Master-Printers carried towards his Grave, Our City Printer such an Honour gave. A Worthy Merchant did the Widow lead, And then both mounted on a stately Steed, To shew their Love; each differing Sect agree, When to the crowded Meeting he was bore, I wept so long till I could weep no more, His Words like Balm (or Drops of Honey) laid, In whose kind, gracious lovely arms we'll leave him, For HE who who bought him, has most Right to have him, Philadelphia: Printed, and Sold by S. Keimer, in High Street. (Price Two-Pence.) The Committee on Premiums and Exhibitions, beg leave respectfully to Report: The fifth annual exhibition of the Franklin Institute, was held in pursuance of notice, at the Masonic Hall, on the 8th, 9th, 10th, and 11th days of October, at which time the committee were much gratified to find a rich and varied collection of the products of American skill and ingenuity. The articles presented were not so numerous as at the exhibition in 1826, but displayed, generally, an improvement in style, and workmanship, highly creditable to our workmen, and afforded a rea sonable hope, that in a few years, the advanced state of knowledge, will place the mechanical productions of America, not only beyond the competition of foreigners in our own market, but enable us to enter into a fair competition with them in other countries. Of the 45 premiums offered by the Institute, 20 were claimed by one or more competitors, of which three remain under advisement, and 9 were awarded by the Committee to successful competitors. Of the remainder, several were withheld, because the condition of the proposal was not adhered to. Premium No. 4. For the best specimen of Annealed Cast Iron-is awarded to Seth Boyden, of Newark, New Jersey, for specimen No. 363; being an assortment of buckles, bits, and other castings, remarkable for their smoothness and maleability. This is the first attempt in this country to anneal cast iron for general purposes, that has come under the knowledge of the committee, and the success attending it fully entitles the maker to the silver medal. Premium No. 12. To the inventor of the best con-awarded to Anthony Querville, for specimen No. 55, structed Furnace and Boiler, superior to any now in use, being the most complete and best finished of any exhifor consuming anthracite in generating steam. This premium has been claimed, but the award is still under advisement. bited. Premium No. 37. To the maker of the best Chairs one dozen to be exhibited, is awarded to Wm. Hancock,, Premium No. 13. To the maker of the best Fire- of Boston, for No. 35, being one dozen mahogany chairs. Bricks. The award of this premium is left open, in ac-well framed and finished; remarkable for the excellence cordance with the terms of the proposal, until the samples shall be sufficiently tested. Premium No. 14. To the maker of the best Currying Knives, equal to the best now in use. This premium wss claimed by two competitors--both furnished with the strongest certificates as to the quality of their knives. John Shugart & Co. of Chambersburg, and Jacob Banick of the same place. As curriers' knives are implements which require a peculiar temper, very difficult to attain, and which can only be judged of by experiment, your committee accept the suggestion of the judges, and suspend the award of the premium until the knives can be fairly tested and compared by a special committee appointed for that purpose. As soon as their report is received, it shall be made known. Premium No. 16. For the best specimen of Japanned Waiters or Trays, made and japanned in Pennsylvania, is awarded to John P. Blackmore, of Philadelphia, for specimens Nos. 71 and 72, being two dozen waiters made by him of a quality not inferior to the imported. The committee regret that the specimens presented by William Nasli, of Philadelphia, were deposited too late to be referred to the judges, and could not therefore enter into competition with the above. Premium No. 17. To the maker of the best Surveyor's Instruments, is awarded to Stancliff and Draper, of Philadelphia, for specimen No. 315, being an engineer's level, provided with Mr. Wm. Strickland's divided horizontal circle. This instrument is remarkable for the beauty of workmanship, and accuracy with which it is finished, and fully entitles the ingenious makers to the silver medal. Premium No. 9). "For the best Porcelain made in the United States, gilt, painted, and plain"-" One hundred pieces must be exhibited;" is awarded to William E. Tucker, of Philadelphia, for specimen No. 253, being an assortment of porcelain of first and second choice. of the carving, which was clean, bold, and in good taste. Premium No. 45. To the pupil of the High School who shall execute and exhibit the best specimen of perspective drawing from machinery, is awarded to Robert P. Warner, for specimen No. 282, being a drawing of an air pump, the best exhibited. In addition to the premiums awarded to those compe[titors who claimed under the proposal issued by the Institute, your committee in pursuance of authority to grant premiums and special notices to such specimens exhibited, as may be most worthy of compliment, either for excellence of workmanship or ingenuity, or other peculiar circumstances, have awarded To James Devee, of Kensington, a silver medal, for two models of steam engines made by him. The maker of these models is a lad, apprentice to John Walcham, of Globe Mill Factory, and they were made at his leisure hours. The committee have not awarded this premium with any view to the intrinsic merit of the work; but they deem it within the province of the Franklin Institute, to encourage and reward examples of industry, perseverance or ingenuity, among our rising mechanics. These models evinced a talent uncommon in so young a lad. To S. P. Wetherill & Co. of Philadelphia, for two pigs of Lead, being a part of 1000 pigs, the product of their Perkiomen mines, smelted by them. The quality of this lead has been fairly tested by being manufactured into white lead. After a series of years of expensive and fruitless attempts to smelt this ore, these gentlemen have at last succeeded in rendering available, another product from the inexhaustible mineral resources of Pennsylvania. A silver medal is awarded. The committee also award the silver medal to H. & W. Day, of Philadelphia, for specimens 14, being an assortment of door locks. These locks of which the makers are also the inventors, were good and well finIn awarding this premium, the committee feel much ished, displaying much ingenuity in their construction; pleasure in noticing the great improvement which has all of them were safety locks, presenting almost insurtaken place in the manufacture of this beautiful and in-mountable obstacles to the pick-locks: a particular deteresting product. The judges report that they have scription will be given in the detailed report of the excompared the sample called technically "First choice," hibition. with the best specimens of French China, and found it superior in whiteness, and the gilding well done. The same remark applies to the painting, with some exceptions-this part of the process being still susceptible of some improvement. The committee recommend this "First choice" to the public as of a quality not easily to be surpassed; and awarded to the maker the silver medal. Premium No. 27. For the best specimen of Stair Carpeting, in imitation of Venitian, is awarded to James B- McFee, of Philadelphia, for specimens Nos. 96 and 97-two pieces stair and entry carpet, which reflect great credit on the maker. Ten pieces of flannel were presented from the Yaulic factory, Connecticut. The Judges reported them to be of a very superior quality, and the committee adopt their suggestion, and award to the makers a silver medal. ' To Lloyd Mifflin, for No. 201, hearth rugs wove by him. These rugs were the first produce of machinery, invented by him, entirely upon new principles. The rugs were well made and substantial, and bid fair to rival the best imported article. The silver medal is awarded. To Messrs. Tuboeven, a siver medal is awarded, for a sample of pins made and presented by them. The pins were in most part of excellent quality, and reflect much Premium No. 29. To the maker of the best speci-credit on the makers. For the introduction of this use. mens of Calicoes or Prints for ladies' dresses, made in ful branch of manufacture the committee award the silver the United States, is awarded to the Merrimac Manu- medal. facturing Company, for specimen No. 149. Prints were Marble Mantels from the manufactories of Tennant & deposited by the Taunton Manufacturing Compa- Highlands, P. Fritz, J. Strothers, S. & J. Jardon, fully ny, and from the Warren factory near Baltimore; the sustaining the high reputation of Philadelphia workmanlatter low priced goods. It is but justice to all parties ship, were produced. Those from Tennant and Highto state, that the judges remarked the great improve-lands, were much admired for the taste of the design, ment that had taken place in printed goods since the and pleasing appearance. Those of American, and Folast exhibition. They had great difficulty in deciding reign and American marble, made by P. Fritz, were adbetween the Merrimac and Taunton goods, which have judged to be the best in point of workmanship. The the preference, both being well executed, and of bril-next best a pair of American and Foreign, by J. Stroeliant colours. After some hesitation they awarded to thers. Honorary mention was awarded. the Merrimack Company the silver medal. Premium No. 35. To the maker of the best Sofa, is The Franklin Institute has never been favoured with a more splendid display of Pianos, than at this exhibi, 1828.] TOPOGRAPHY AND DISEASES OF WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA. 265 tion. Thirteen were presented from C. Pommer, C. design of No. 152, from Lloyd's, was particularly pleasT. Albright, J. S. Michley, Louds, S. Sweitzer & My-ing. ers, of Philadelphia; Cunra & Gilbert, and A. Babcock, Brass Hinges, &c. from William Garrett, well adjudgof Boston. As no premium was offered for pianos, pre-ed and well finished, and creditable articles. sented at this exhibition, the committee forbear at present making any distinction, but in their detailed report to be presented in a few days; a description of each, with their merits, may be expected. To Stanley & Co. of Baltimore, an honorary mention is awarded, for 3 pieces mix'd sattinetts; these goods were of very superior quality, and would have received the premium had the conditions of the proposal been complied with. The committee cannot close this report without rendering their thanks to the gentlemen who so ably fulfilled the zealous duties of Committee of Arrangement. To them the Institute and public are indebted for the splendid exhibition they have just witnessed; and to them much praise is due for the neat and careful manner in which they were displayed. they may have fallen. If any injustice has been done, In closing the report of the Fifth Exhibition, the Committee must again throw themselves upon the indulTo James M'Fee, and Groves & Fleming, of Phila-gence of the public, to pardon any errors into which delphia, an honorary mention is awarded, for their excellent samples of Ticking; both very superior articles. Honorary mention is also awarded to Clapp, of Leicester, Mass. for 4 pieces mix'd cloths, of excellent quality for the price, and to James M. Robbins, of Watertown, and Sheppard's woollen manufactory, Northampton, of four pieces blue, and four pieces black broad cloth, being the best exhibited. These cloths were not entitled to the premium, by the terms offered; there being a standing rule of the Institute, that no premium shall be awarded, unless they are superior to any that have been heretofore presented. These cloths are represented by the judges to be well made and substantial, of good fast colour, and handsomely dressed. It is but justice to remark, that the cloths heretofore exhibited, were sold at 10 and 11 dollars, while the above 9 pieces were offered at 7 dollurs. The committee further award honorary mention to William Rowland. of Philadelphia, for his very superior mill, pit, and cross-cut Saws of excellent quality, well ground, and finished. The committee further beg leave specially to notice the Pharmaceutical preparations of G. W. Carpenter, whose improvements in the science of pharmacy reflect great credit on him, and have proved highly useful to the public. M. W. BALDWIN, M. D. LEWIS, ISAIAH DE REUS, CHRISTIAN GOBRECHT, Committee on Premiums and Exhibitions TOPOGRAPHY AND DISEASES OF WESTERN Br L. CALLAGHAN, Member of the Faculty of Medicine, Extracted from the last number of the American Medical Western Pennsylvania stretches from 39° 40′ to 42° 20' north latitude, and from 78° to 81° west longitude. It is bounded by the Allegheny mountains on the east, by the state of Ohio on the west, by that of Virginia on the south, and New York on the north, having that great inland sea, Lake Erie, on its north-western boundary. This portion of Pennsylvania may in geographical language be called a table land; low water mark at Also, the chemical preparations and colours, from the the city of Pittsburg is one hundred and fifty-two feet Maryland Chemical Company, to whom our manufactur-above Lake Erie, seven hundred and twenty-seven feet ers are much indebted for relieving them from a depen-above the Hudson at Albany, and seven hundred and dence on the importers, for articles that are indispensa- fifty six feet above the Atlantic Ocean at Cape May; the ble. The bleaching salts were remarked as being of apex of the highest ranges of hills are about twelve excellent quality, and preferred by many to the cele-hundred feet above tide water level in the Chesapeake. brated bleaching salt of Tenant of Glasgow. Also, carbonate of magnesia, and calcined magnesia, made from the purest sulphate of magnesia, washed by steam, appeared nearly chemically pure; and many other specimens of equal quality. Cast Iron Medals, from Jones, Keiver & Co. Windsor Furnace, near Hamburg; the most perfect specimens of casting known, of this country's productions, and rivalling the most splendid Berlin medals. Fancy Articles, from William Tait, Philadelphia, and Water Colours, from George Colborne, of Philadelphia, evinced much improvement in both branches of manufacture, and were highly creditable. Of the Sole Leather, from Ashburner & Son, and W. & I. Prichett, the committee take much pleasure in stating that they were judged to be of the best of the kind, and fully sustain the character so long held by the Philadelphia tanners. The entire surface of the country is made up of a succession of hills with intervening valleys, the aspect of descent lying towards the south west. The land abounds in a rich bituminous coal and limestone; the luxuriance of the timber is the best evidence of the natural fertility of the soil; the vallies are equally remote from marsh, and the hills from sterility. The country is well watered; the Allegheny, Conemaugh, Kiskeminitas, and Monongahela are its principal rivers; the Allegheny and Monongahela uniting at the city of Pittsburg to form the majestic Ohio. In the investigation of the atmospherical temperature of western Pennsylvania,perhaps the climatic thermometer of Volney is the best standard that can be used, from which four general cases will determine the difference of climate on any two given places on our globe. 1. Difference of latitude. 2. Difference of elevation. 3. Exposure to particular winds. 4. Proximity to, or remoteness from, large bo The committee would further particularly notice-dies of water. Grates, from Mr. Lloyd & Son, Jackson & Millin, all of Judging from latitude alone, we could neither account which were well made, and of good workmanship. The for the tropical heat of summer, nor for the intensity of |