Agricultural labourers, present effect
of local rates on, cxxxv. 265 Ahasuerus, question of his identity with Xerxes, cxxi. 67 Aikin (John, M.D., 1747-1829), Southey's remark on his 'British Poets,' cxxii. 74
Air, ventilation of rooms and mines, cxxii. 430
opalescence of, by sunlight, cxxx. 146; blueness of, explained, 147
'Airlie, the Bonny IIouse of,' ballad of, cxx. 330
Airlie Weem, the, in Angus, cxx.316 Airy (Sir George Biddell, b. 1801),
his reply to Mr. Proctor's criti- cisms respecting the transit of Venus, cxxxviii. 160-163
his appointment as Astro- nomer-Royal, cxl. 98; his valua- ble lunar observations, ib. 99 Aix-la-Chapelle, bodies of saints removed to by Eginhart, cxviii. 359
use of, for the wounded in the war of 1870, cxxxii. 573 Peace of (1668), cxii. 76 Treaty of (1748), cxxv. 488;
its results, ib. Ajunta (Central India), its pictur- esque situation, cxxii. 375; Bud- dhist cave temples at, 385; ques- tion of their date, ib. 387; the caves described from Major Gill's photographs, 388-391 Akbar (Emperor of Hindoostan 1543-1605), his invasion of Be- rar, cxxxvii. 230
his promotion of the study of different religions, cxxxix. 419 Alabama claims, Tory policy in 1866 respecting, cxxv. 296
submitted to arbitration, cxxxv. 577. See Geneva Arbitra- tion
Alacoque (Margaret Marie), her
alleged revelations, cxxxix. 252; incidents of her life, 253; Lan-
guet's 'Memoir' of, 255; specialty of her supposed mission, ib.; her visions, 260; her so-called revela- tions anticipated, 261; Father de la Colombière, 261-267
Alaric I. (King of the Visigoths, d.
410), his capture of Rome, cxviii. 346; his final blow to paganism at Rome, 348
Alava (Spanish general 1771-1843), his friendship with the Duke of Wellington, cxix. 325; anecdote of, at Quatre Bras, 326; his partial estrangement with the Duke, ib. ; .; his interview with Aranda, 327 Albany (Louise, Countess of, 1752- 1824), her marriage with the Pretender, cxiv. 152; her per- sonal appearance, 153; ill-treat- ment of, by her husband, 160; takes refuge with him at Rome, 161; her divorce, 166; relations with Alfieri, 169; visits England with him, 171; her coquetry with Fabre, 179; death at Paris, 181; character, 182
Bonstetten's admiration for, cxix. 439 Albert (Prince Consort 1819-1861), difficulties of his position, cxv. 240; his constitutional wisdom, 241
the 'Memorial' to, cxviii. 93; architectural criticisms there- on, ib. note
his first visit to Scotland with the Queen, cxxvii. 284; his wide religious sympathies, 292; his Highland expeditions, 296; his intimacy with Bunsen, 493
his aptitude for business described by Lord Kingsdown, cxxix. 62
his descent from John Frederick of Saxony, cxxxii. 92
his appearance in boyhood, by Stockmar, cxxxvi. 392; un- popular reception in England, 396; allowance by Parliament reduced,
his 'Three Years' Residence in Japan,' cxvii. 517; national interest of his work, 518; its opportune appearance, 540
his despatch on Japanese
affairs in 1864, cxxii. 197 Alcohol, effects of, on fermentation, CXXV. 406
Aldermanbury, etymology of, cxxxi. 159
Aldersgate, etymology of, cxxxi. 158 Aldo Manuzio. See Manuzio, Aldo Alemanni (Luigi, Florentine poet),
his harangue to Charles V., cxxxii. 73; anecdote of 'The Eagle,' ib. Alençon (François, Duke of, 1554- 1584), his personal appearance, cxxxi. 23; projected marriage with Elizabeth, ib.-26 Alexander the Great (B.c. 356–323),
his patronage of Aristotle, cxxxvi. 522; his death, 524; his arbitrary rescript to the Greek cities, ib. Oriental legends respecting,
his sacrifices at Troy, cxxxix. 508, 533
portrait medals of, cxl. 172 Alexander I. (Emperor of Russia, 1777-1825), his projects of serf- emancipation, cxii. 199
his prosperous govern- ment of the Baltic provinces,
Alexander III. (Pope, Rolando di Ranuccio Bandinelli, d. 1181), his schemes of temporal dominion, cxii. 113
Alexander VI. (Pope, Rodrigo Len- zoli Borgia, about 1430-1503), his proposed crusade against the Turks, cxxi. 220 Alexandria, astronomical school of, cxvi. 95 Alfieri (Vittorio, 1749-1803), his early love-adventures, cxiv. 155; visit to Florence, 157; his passion for the Countess of Albany, 158; banished from her society at Rome, 165; meets her at Colmar, 166; their subsequent intimacy, 169; his death and burial, 178 Alfonso Henriques (King of Portu- gal, 1094-1185), his extraordinary longevity, cxxxi. 459; tomb at Santa Cruz, ib.
Alford (Dr. Henry, Dean of Canter- bury, b. 1810), his translation of the Odyssey, cxvii. 355
on the influence of usage on lan- guage, 41; on the effects of lan- guage on national character, 42; his controversy with Mr. Moon, 43; his minute method of criti- cism, 45; on the use of magni- loquent words, 53; advocates simplicity of language, 57 Alfred (King 849-901), his two journeys to Rome, cxviii. 240
compared by Mr. Freeman to St. Louis, cxxx. 201; his lite- rary merits, 203
Algae, description of, cxxx. 156 Ali, Mehemet. See Mehemet Ali Alison (Sir Archibald, 1757-1839),
his History of Europe from 1815 to 1852,' Vols. II.–VIII., cxi. 119; his previous demerits repeated, ib.; his five causes of national decline of England, ib.; his distortion of statistics, 120; misstates the effects of Free trade and Reform, ib.-121; his narrative of the Indian and European campaigns the best part of his work, ib.; unfair aspersions on French authors, ib.; his pre- tentious style, 122; looseness of design, 123; iteration of narrative and phraseology, ib.-124; his egot- isms, 125; on the contraction of the currency in 1819, 126; on the threefold evils of the currency laws, 127-130; on Catholic Eman- cipation, ib.-133; on the causes of Parliamentary Reform, 134; his defence of the Old Constitution, ib.-136; alleged injustice of tax- ation since 1832, ib.; his theory of the fall of the Whigs in 1841, 138; on Sir R. Peel's Administration, 139; ascribes Irish emigration to Free trade, 140; his blunders in continental history, 141; misstate- ments respecting Russia, ib.; and Poland, 142; contradictory theo- ries of Russian unity, ib.; 144; his eulogy of the Restoration in France, 145; denounces the go-
vernment of Louis Philippe, 146; his panegyric of German modera- tion in 1815, 147; on Parliamen- tary government in Germany, 148; ignorance respecting the Zollverein, 149; on the international relations of Europe, 150; his four periods, ib.; his views of English policy towards Spanish America, ib.; his judgment warped by partisanship, 151; on the separation of Belgium from Holland, ib.; on the Spanish succession, 152; his blunders on the Turkish treaties of 1840 and 1841, 153, 154; theory of a league against England in 1848, ib.; his portraits of public men, 155; blunders respecting Lord Palmer- ston, 156; on Lamartine and Thiers, 157, 158; prophesies des- potism in America, ib.; ignorance of German literature, ib.; absurd criticism of Goethe and Schiller, 159; mischievous character of his history, 160
Alison (Sir Archibald), his 'Lives of Lord Castlereagh and Sir C. Stewart,' cxv. 510; his constant inaccuracies, ib.; his diffuse no- tions of biography, 511; his indis- criminate adulation, 537 Aljubarrota, battle of (1385), cxxxi. 461
Allard (M.), French officer in the Sikh service, cxxxiv. 385-387 Allegiance, Civil, early Papal claims respecting, cxxx. 330.
pretensions of Ultramontanes in opposition to, cxxxvii. 576 Allen (William, Cardinal 1532- 1594), his Admonition,' cxxxiv. 173
(Mr. T.), his scheme of postal telegraphs, cxxxii. 223 Alleyn (Edward, 1566-1626), MS. letter of his wife, published by Mr. Collier, cxi. 481 Almanza, battle of (1707), cxl. 478, 479
recent books of travel on, Cxxx. 118; past indifference to Alpine scenery, 119; the Monte Rosa group explored, 120; explo- rations of Dr. Forbes, ib.; Alpine clubs, 121; merits of local guides, ib.; guide-books, 122 (see Ball, Mr. J.); beauty of Cormayeur, 123; the Dauphiné range little visited, ib.; imposing precipices of Monte Rosa, 124; tour round it, 125; the Matterhorn, 126; grandeur of the Val d'Anniviers, 127; Mr. Reilly's excellent maps, 128; merits of the Engadine, 129; view from the Piz Languard, 131; the Rhotian Alps, 133; travels of Mr. Tuckett in the Orteler group, ib.; the Eastern Alps, 134; Gen- eral Dufour's map of, 135. Alsace, mortgaged to Charles the Bold by Sigismund of Austria, cxix. 559-568; Hagenbach's government of, ib.; alliance of free towns with Swiss confederacy, 569; entry of Charles, ib.; revolts against him, 571
Alsace and Lorraine, cession of, to France, cxxxiii. 478-479; recent German claims to, founded merely on conquest, ib. 480
population of, when ceded to Germany, cxl. 385
Alt-Rognitz, Austrian defeat at (1866), cxxv. 376
Althorp (John Charles, Lord, after- wards Earl Spencer, 1782-1845), his conduct in 1831 on Reform, cxxxiii. 306-309; generous con- duct to Mr. Littleton, 314
Lord Cockburn's eulogy of his oratory, cxl. 272 Amari (Michele), his History of the Mussulmans in Sicily, cxvi. 348; his mastery of Arabic scholarship,. ib.; on Arab rule in Africa, 357; intended scope of his work, 377 Ambassador, Wotton's sarcastic defi- nition of, cxxvi. 252
Ambert (General Baron), his 'Tacti- cal Studies,' cxxiii. 95; his mas- terly account of Austerlitz, 114; on the modern use of artillery, 122
Amboise, Huguenot conspiracy of (1560), cxxx. 362; Edict of (1563), 370
Ambrose (Saint, 340-397), his in- fluence on Western monachism, cxiv. 329.
Ameer Khan, Governor of Canda- har, cxxv. 17, 18; revolts against Shere Ali, 22; his death in battle, 23
America, Spanish claims to the whole continent, cxv. 8
alleged discovery of, by the Basques, cxix. 383 America (North), archæology of, CXXV. 332; richness of ancient remains in, ib.; condition of, on the arrival of the Spaniards, 333 (see Mexico); European igno- rance of its early history, 338; aboriginal monuments, ib.; three pre-Columbian epochs, 339; civili- sation in Yucatan and Panama, ib.; ancient buildings in Central America, 340; the temple of Palenqué, 341, 342; architecture of the Aztecas, 343; Casas Grandes of the Indians, ib.; varieties of
'pueblos,' 344; primitive stone structures, 345; Estufas of the Intermediate Period, 346; tradi- tions of Montezuma, ib.; remains of the Earliest Period, 347; viz., sacred and sacrificial mounds, ib.- 350; military works in Ohio, ib.; copper ornaments, 351; high per- fection of pottery, ib.; Indian 'garden beds,' 352; theories of aboriginal races, 354; Asiatic immigration, 355; visited by an- cient Japanese, ib.; primitive links with the Old World, 356; worship of the phallus, 357; polytheism, ib.; pyramidal ruins in Yucatan ascribed to Egypt, 359; the pyra- mid of Xochicalco, 360; similari- ties of early tribes, ib.; unity of races inferred from language, 361; primitive immigrants, 362; main courses of population, ib. ; Oriental source proved by ancient monu- ments, 363
America (United States), Federal
and State taxation in, exi. 243; tax- able property in, 244; taxation com- pared with that in England, 246
increase of brain disorders in, cxii. 526; condition of, under Mr. Buchanan's presidency, 547. See Buchanan, J. Percival
limited power of the Presi- dent, exiii. 557; dangers of presi- dential elections, 558; causes of secession deep-seated, 559; prin- ciples of early abolitionists, 560; Squatter Sovereignty introduced, 563; slavery the cause of disrup- tion, 566-573; Southern views of Federation, 574; their reasons for secession unsound, 577; the 'Peace Congress' at Washington, 578; difficulties of coercion by the Northern States, 579; separation preferable to civil war, 581; per- petual union impossible, 586
aspects of, to French and English travellers, cxv. 187
America (United States), Sir Cornewall Lewis's criticism of the system of presidential elec- tion, cxviii. 145; democracy not to be tested by its results in, 146; evils of the Caucus system, ib.;
the War of Secession ascribed to Federalism, 147; separation of free and slave states advocated by Sir G. C. Lewis, 150
Episcopal Church of, mixed synods of clergy and laity in, cxviii. 576; was never a branch of the State Church of England, ib.; the 'General Convention,' 577; dis- cipline enforced by law, ib.
first steps towards slave emancipation in, cxix. 205; one- third of, unfitted for man, 474; limits of the Great American Desert, 475
corruptions of English lan- guage in, cxx. 42; disintegrating effects of democracy on social life, 191; the Alien and Sedition Laws, 194; co-operative societies in, re- semble trades' unions, 432; ex- change of vegetable products with, 495, 496
idiot institutions in, cxxii. 41, 42; specimens of idiots in, 62, 64
Northern indifference to the Union at one time, cxxiii. 525; change of feeling, 526; blind policy of Mr. Buchanan, ib. 527; his suc- cessors, 528; improved moral tone of the presidency, ib. ; immediate results of the late war, 529; diffi- culties of re-construction, ib.; anomalous aspect of parties, 530; altered doctrine of State Sove- reignty, ib. 531; restoration of seceded states, 532; theory of Mr. Sumner, ib.; policy of Mr. Johnson, 533; limited power of Congress, ib.; dangers of central government after the war, 534; Radical policy criticised, 535; co-
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