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The values of the leading imports and exports are shown below in 1,000's of pounds (Egyptian):

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The trade of Egypt (and Tripoli) with the United States is shown as follows, for the years ending June 30:

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In 1896, the principal imports into the United States were: Cotton, unmanufactured, $5,129,256; sugar, $2,657,425.

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The arrivals and clearances of commercial vessels at Alexandria in five years have been as follows:

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The following table shows the number and gross tonnage of vessels of all nations passing through the Suez anal, with transit receipts, in 1895:

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The number and gross tonnage of vessels that have passed through the Suez Canal, and the gross receipts of the company, have been as follows in six years:

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The number of passengers who went through the canal in 1895 was 216,936. The Suez Canal is 87 miles long, 66 actual canal and 21 miles lakes, connecting the Mediterranean with the Red Sea; opened for navigation November 17, 1869.

For more recent figures, consult Index.

The state of the capital account as regards bonds in circulation and redeemed was as follows, on December 21, 1895:

Capital, 400,000 shares at 500 francs....

Consolidation of unpaid coupons, 400,000 bonds (395,389 in circulation..
at 85 francs....

Loan (1867-68), 333,333 obligations at 300 francs...
Loan (1871), 120,000 30-year bonds at 100 francs....
Loan (1880), 73,026 3 per cent. obligations, various
prices...

Loan (1887), 195,000 3 per cent. obligations...

Revenues applied to improvement of canal

Total.........

Francs.

891,772 in circulation..
8,228 redeemed.

195,886,000

Francs. 200,000,000

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4,611 redeemed. 244,288 in circulation. 89,045 redeemed. 44,469 in circulation.. 75,309 redeemed..

391,935 (

34,000,000

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3,073 redeemed..
1,324 redeemed.

There were, besides, 100,000 founders' shares, with right to participate in surplus profit under certain conditions. In 1894, the founders' share of surplus profits was 4,198,901 francs.

RAILROADS, TELEGRAPHS, MONEY.

On January 1, 1897, there were 1,215 miles of railroad, 1,143 miles belonging to the State and 72 miles to companies. 825 miles were in the Delta, 390 miles in Upper Egypt, 28 miles military railway, and 390 miles agricultural railways on the Daira Sanieh estates. There were 290 miles under construction. The number of passengers carried by the State lines in 1896 was 9,854,000; goods carried, 2,498,000 tons; net receipts, £E. 1,033,000.

The Government telegraph lines (1896) were of a total length of 2,269 miles, 8,450 miles of wire. The Government have given concessions to a telephone company for urban telephone lines. The Eastern Telegraph Company, also by concessions, have telegraph lines across Egypt from Alexandria via Cairo to Suez, and from Port Said to Suez, connecting their cables to England and India. Number of telegrams, 2,392,036 in 1895, as against 2,299,938 in the previous year, not including telegrams sent by the Eastern Telegraph.

The law of November 14, 1885, provided for the introduction of the single gold standard in Egypt with silver as divisional coin. The Egyptian pound is divided into 100 piasters, and the piaster into 19 ochr-el-guerche, or tenths of a piaster. The tolerance of fineness is one one-thousandths and of weight two one-thousandths. The mint coins gold on individual account, and other pieces on account of the Government only. Egyptian pounds and half-pounds, which by the ordinary wear and tear of circulation, have come to weigh less than 8.444 and 4.22 grammes respectively, cease to have legal currency, but are received by the Treasury at their nominal value, after which they are not reissued. Silver is legal tender to the amount of 250 piasters, or about $10, in any one payment. Nickel and bronze coins are legal tender to the amount of 10 piasters, or about 50 cents. Payments in Egypt are generally made in foreign gold pieces, officially rated by the Government as follows:

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The Cape of Good Hope, or Cape Colony, is a possession of Great Britain, having an area of 221,311 square miles.

According to the census of 1891, the total population was 1,527,224, of which 376,987 were European and 1,150,237 were native and colored. The population per square mile was 6.9.

Pondoland was annexed in 1894, with an estimated population of 200,000. Bechuanaland was annexed in 1895, with an area of 51,574 square miles and a population of 72,736.

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Total,
Including

Railways.

Defense.

and Jails.

lishment.

Loan Acts. Other H'ds.

1890.

£1,063,280

£1,018,065

£142,774

£217,509

£128,624

£1,048,571

£5,327,496

1892.

1,166,368

1,219,655

150,681

239,354

131,975

2,054,837

6,371,220

1893.

1,213,204

1,474,163

149.287

266.748

132,347

1,066,627

5,734,503

1894. 1895.

1.551,932

1,565,261

161,231

290,819

135,557

526,465

5,823,449

1,244,749

1,552,445

158,584

140,448 317,913

236,423

5,388,157

AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRIES.

Up to December 31, 1895, the In 1895, 2,120 titles were issued, alienating 1,874,282 acres of land. total area disposed of was 123,025,266 acres, 53,979,054 remaining. There are 537 square miles under forest.

Regarding the area under cultivation, there are no recent statistics. In 1875 the total was 580,000 acres, of which 18,000 were under vines.

The chief agricultural products for the year ending May 30, 1896, were: Wheat, 2,187,648 bushels; oats, 1,654,503 bushels; barley, 668,490 bushels; mealies, 1,728,231 bushels; Kaffir corn, 1,009,245 bushels; rye, 607,536 bushels; oat hay, 35,954,583 bundles of 5% lbs.; tobacco, 4,579,759 lbs. There were 86,514,974 vine stocks, yielding 5,687,232 gallons of wine, 1,264,512 gallons of brandy, and 1,636,566 lbs. raisins. The chief pastoral products were: Wool, 45,521,508 lbs. ; mohair, There were 3,658,091 fruit trees. 7,210,915 lbs.; ostrich feathers, 294,479 lbs. ; butter, 3,204,440 lbs. ; cheese, 49,470 lbs. There were 2,303,582 head of cattle, 387.590 horses, 94,570 mules and asses, 14,409,434 sheep, 4,939,258 Angora and other goats, and 224,953 ostriches.

The sheep farms of the colony are often of very great extent, from 3,000 to 15,000 acres and upwards; those in tillage are comparatively small. The grazers are, for the most part, proprietors of the farms which they occupy. In 1875 the total number of holdings was 16,166, comprising 83,900,000 acres; of these, 10,766, comprising upwards of 60,000,000 acres, were held on quit-rent.

At the census of 1891 there were 2,230 industrial establishments employing, altogether, 32.735 persons, having machinery and plant valued at £1,564,897 and annually producing articles worth £9,238,870. Among these establishments were flour mills, breweries, tobacco factories, tanneries, and diamond, goid, copper, and coal mines.

FOREIGN COMMERCE.

Of the total imports in 1894, the value of £2,019,972 (including £289,451 specie) was duty free, while the value of £9,538,124 was subject to duty. The customs revenue amounted to £1,479,244, or about 16 per cent. of the imports subject to duty. The values of the total imports and exports, including specie, of Cape Colony and dependencies, in the last five years were as follows:

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The total value (partly estimated) of diamonds exported from 1868 to 1895 was £74,210,224. The gold given among exports is really imported from the Transvaal, though not included among imports. The principal exports are textile fabrics, dress, etc., £4,080,865, and food, drinks, etc., £2,449,788 in 1895.

RAILROADS, POST-OFFICE, AND TELEGRAPHS.

The capital expended on
There were lines of Government railway of a total length of 2,253 miles in the colony in Decem-
ber, 1895. In 1873, there were 63 miles; in 1880, 882 miles; 1883, 1,089 miles.
Government railways to the end of 1894 has been £20,487,072, showing a cost per mile of £9,093. The

gross earnings in 1895 were £3,390,693, and expenses £1,596,013. was 6,703,098, and tonnage of goods 1,158,614 (of 2,000 pounds).

The number of passengers conveyed

The number of postal receptacles at the end of 1895 was 1,051; revenue, £331,637; expenditure on whole postal telegraph service, £341,703. Number of letters carried was 16,609,576; newspapers, 7,562,400 post cards, 518,560; books, etc., 1,533,720; and parcels, 360,020.

There were 6,316 miles of telegraph wire in 1895, with 360 offices. The number of messages sent was 1,798,061. The telegraphs were constructed at the expense of the Government-781 miles of line having been taken over from the company in 1873. The revenue in 1895 was £97,453 (exclusive of £90,705, the value of Government messages), and expenditure £90,603.

BANKING.

The following are the statistics of the banks under trust laws in the colony:

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This colony of Great Britain has an estimated area of 20,460 square miles. The total population as officially reported was, in 1879, Europeans, 22,654; Indians, 16,999; Kaffirs, 319,934; total, 359,587. In 1891, Europeans, 46.788; Indians, 41,142; Kathirs, 455,983; total, 543,913.

The revenue and expenditure of the colony, exclusive of loan funds, in the last five years ended June 30, were as follows:

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Of the total area of the colony, 2,250,000 acres have been set apart for native occupation, 7,514,315 acres have been acquired by grant from the Crown by Europeans, 1,158,138 acres have been sold on deferred payments, and about 1,000,000 acres remain unalienated from the Crown. Of the total area in 1894, 23,293 acres were under cultivation by Europeans, the leading crop for export being sugar (produce, 1894, 20,401 tons), though large quantities of maize, wheat, oats, and other cereal and green crops are grown. Tea planting has recently been introduced, 2,297 acres being under tea in 1894, the yield for the year ended June 30, 1895, being about 737,000 pounds. Estimated total number of acres under cultivation by natives, 376,780.

The coal fields of the colony, which are of large extent, are now in direct communication with the seaport of Durban. The output for the year 1891 was 151,520 tons; 1895, 160,115 tons. The annual value of the maritime imports and exports, from 1870 to 1896, has been as follows: Year.

1870.

1880.

1890. 1891.

1892.

Imports.

£429,527

2,338,584

4,417,085

3,535,831

3,165,249

Exports.

Year.

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Imports.

£2.238,738

2,316,596

2,469,303

5,437,862

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About 70 per cent, of the imports are from, and 50 per cent. of the exports to, Great Britain. The values of the principal imports and exports in 1895 were: Imports, apparel and slops, £179,889; haberdashery, £222,974; flour, grain, £117,408; leather goods, £111,680; iron and goods, £274,578; cottons, £95,766; woolens, £86,414; machinery, £2,888; wines, spirits, ales, £55,802. Exports, wool, £452,412; gold, £203,623; coal, £72,315; sugar, £56,961.

The colony has 402 miles of railway open, all constructed and worked by the Government. The total cost of construction of the railways up to the end of the year 1895 was £6,117,211. The revenue for 1835 was £525,494; expenditure, £278,756. The net receipts for the year were equal to £4 18. per cent, upon capital.

ALGERIA.

ALGERIA.

The following table gives the area of each of The estimated area of this French colony is officially stated at 181,474 square miles, although some of the territory is claimed by the nomad tribes.

the three departments of Algeria, according to the census of 1896:

Area.

Civil

Population-
Military

Square Miles.

Departm't.

Departm't.

Total.

Population
per Square
Mile.

Algiers..

65,929

1,313,206

213,461

1,526,667

22

Oran....

44,616

>88,177

140,071

1,028,248

21

Constantine.

73,929

1,671,895

202,611

1,874,506

23

Total...

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The total does not include the Army.

Of the total population in 1891, there were 271,101 French, 47,564 Jews, 3,554,067 French indigenous subjects, 18,617 Moroccans and Tunisians, besides Spaniards, Italians, Anglo-Maltese, and Germans. 3,301,795 persons were dependent on agriculture, 494,435 on trade, industries, and carriage by sea and land, 56,075 on the public service, 33,8 3 on liberal professions, 72,759 lived on their means, 56,374 were without profession or means, and 94,319 were of unknown or unclassed occupation.

were:

The estimated revenue and expenditure, not including public debt, war and marine, for 1896

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Direct taxes.

12,288,089

Justice.

Registration, stamps, etc..

13,800.310

Interior.

Customs.

13,072,025

Instruction, etc.

Monopolies.

5,492,310

Agriculture

Domains and forests.

2,986,700

Public Works.

Various..

1,125.840

Others..

Receipts d'ordre..

3,383,920

Régie, etc.

Repayments, etc.

Total..

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1,394,750

31,143,175

696,078

15,366,208

935,800

71,219,959

In 1894-95 the A great part of the land is held undivided by Arab tribes. Most of the State lands have been The population engaged in agriculture in 1895 was 3,482,356, 205,642 being appropriated to colonists. In January, 1895, 120,868 hectares were under About 20,000,000 hectares are occupied by the agricultural population. Europeans. total yield of cereals was 20,178,138 metric quintals. vines; the yield in 1894 was 3,591,392 hectolitres. There were 28,727 vine planters, of whom 16,727 were Europeans. Alfa, or esparto grass, is a natural product of the country, and extensively collected, but it is being rapidly superseded by wood pulp for the manufacture of paper. Less important agricultural industries are the cultivation of olives (6,500,000 grafted trees), tobacco, flax, colza, and other oil seeds, and ramie. In 1889, 2,710 persons were employed in mines; 351,800 tons of iron ore were produced, worth 2,457,190 francs; 22,336 tons of other ores (blende, galena, copper, and silver), to the value of 1,426,475 francs. The exportation of phosphates from Djebel Dyr is attaining great proportions, the industry being almost entirely in the hands of English firms.

Three-fourths of the trade of Algeria is conducted with France and French colonies. The total "special" commerce was as follows for five years (in franes):

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The chief imports in 1895 were: Animals, 12,208,000 francs; animal products, 3,659,000 francs; colonial produce, 15,654,500 francs; timber, 3,174,000 francs; tissues, 1,849,000 francs; clocks, trinkets, etc., 2,323,000 francs. The chief exports were: Flour, etc., 1,055,000 francs; colonial produce, 5,129,000 franes; metals, 4,190,000 francs.

In 1895, 3,679 vessels, of 2,322,628 tons, entered Algerian ports from abroad, and 3,520, of 2,202,648 tons cleared.

In 1896 there were 1,820 English miles of railway open for traffic.

The postal and telegraph revenue for 1891 was 4,248,145 francs; expenditure, 4,684,559 francs. There were 485 post-offices.

In 1894 there were 4,720 miles of line and 10,671 miles of wire, with 388 offices. Messages sent, 1,515,711.

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