he staff and from an administrative point of view, bee with the dignity of the national department. It fursion scale which remained in force until the year 1909. t down that pensions should be calculated on sixtieths nd emoluments multiplied by years of service for every ervice and upward to a maximum of 40 years, both when of forty-sixtieths may be granted. Further provision ompelled to leave the service either on account of bodily ty of mind or body before the cmpletion of the period m to a retirement allowance.

re bodily injury occasioned while in discharge of his that is, a lump sum-not exceeding three months' pay f service, or a retirement allowance not exceeding the luments of his office. In the case of physical or mental of money by way of gratuity as the commissioners of proper, but so as that no such gratuity shall exceed the pay for each year of service."

made for such cases as abolition of office when allowof the salary and emoluments of the office could be were passed, such as the pensions commutation acts of also those of 1887 and 1892, which had reference to emment of India, but the 1859 act held the field until the nuation act of 1909.

pt aside the contributory scheme of pensions, so far as e was concerned, and introduced the straight pension. merican civil service should pursue in furtherance of its mmon, from whose article I gathered the statistics and ing you in reference to the British retirement system, was considered beneath the dignity of the national devants should directly conribute toward the remuneranutterings arose within the British civil service as to the n the dependents of officers dying in harness; that is, loy of the nation and without having been placed on who were left without any means of support other than ided by the deceased officer through insurance or other : contention advanced was that even a nation did not of philanthropy, but were more or less guided by the t and economic conditions; therefore, all gratuities and were part of the emoluments of office and, in the event officer should by right fall to the next of kin. Conse896 the mutterings grew to so strong a volume that a ervants of all ranks was convened and a committee

не строу UL the state to the passing

909 were allowed the option to remain under that of 1859 or to nder the new provisions. That over 90 per cent immediately cl s the best evidence of its popularity, particularly when it is ren om the remaining 10 per cent should be deducted those who w isqualified from coming under the new act.

In addition to those in the service prior to 1909, an addition ayable on retirement, of one-half per cent of every completed y rior to the passing of the act is granted.

An assured retirement scheme, based upon general lines and ording to years of service, offers security of tenure to the emp emoving from the minds of the employees all anxiety as to th ong as duties are discharged with faithfulness and efficiency, secu earted application to duty.

Further, men enter the civil service with the intention to n areer and so devote all the application and intelligence both t career for themselves and to give to the nation the best of the ntelligence.

It can safely be claimed that since the establishment of the sy nnuation the British civil service has never looked back but has forward until it now occupies a position that may challenge co any in the world.

Experience shows that men are prepared to give their best in community, and such can only be rendered when they are f anxieties that obtain in the competitive world. By its very natur the nation and of the state demands continuity and application. not be if the best and most energetic and most enterprising are 1 a jumping-off place in their own interests.

Mr. FLAHERTY. Mr. Charles G. Ammon, president of the L Clerk's Association, after recently touring this country and exa the workings of our Postal Service, declared we were many yea British service in our treatment of the employees, noticeably in any retirement measure. Mr. Ammon briefly describes the Brit follows [reading]:

"A tuberculosis sanatorium is provided by the department, wher can receive treatment free of charge and his salary paid to his an employee dies one year's salary is paid to his family, or if capacitated either by sickness or accident he is retired on a cert of his salary. At 60 years of age, or after 40 years' service, a entitled to retire upon two-thirds of his annual salary.

"Whether he retires from sickness or is superannuated, one y paid him in a lump sum, in addition to the regular monthly paym Mr. FLAHERTY. The House Post Office Committee in fourth Congress recommended the passage of what is k

ce, over 100 postal employees are stated to have reths because employment with better opportunities was

I think that is one of the most cogent arguome system of retirement. It will prevent this nat takes place in the Postal Service every year. git find the possibilities for promotion are not lly they will have to face either demotion or they find nothing in the service to make it a e. The Post Office News, published in Philasay that every large office in the country gets n, weekly-but in this, under date of May 31, nations of clerks, subclerks, and subcarriers, and you will find the names of 18 subclerks and subregular clerks and carriers, who have quit the

uch as we maintain our Civil Service Commisent men for the service, inasmuch as our civil ducational qualification, as well as a character at the machinery is expensive, it is certainly an vite these young men into the service, have them months or possibly a year, and then get out bene more lucrative employment elsewhere. ir attention, Mr. Chairman, to the tables which Pomerene hearing, showing principal provisions ystems of 50 representative industrial concerns I do not think it is wise to burden this record is in the Pomerene hearing. This [indicating] ene hearing. Its principal feature is the civilrepresentative countries, and it shows the sys-nce in Germany, France, Belgium, Argentina, and, Canada, Austria, Great Britain, and other is a wealth of information to anyone who wants ome consideration.

r to the employee and the employer. Let us see if it is fair to t e Government, to single out one class for this legislation that htfully, in my opinion, to every wage earner who had contri velopment, progress, and wealth of the Nation, and who in ars, through no fault of his own, was in need of monetary ai Take the post-office clerk, a distributer in a large office, and estion from his viewpoint. This distributor must of necessity his time to memorizing the ever-changing post-office schemes. his Government work this employee must study after office clusion of everything else. And the knowledge he is acquirin ar is valueless to any other employer. This distributor can't se ge to some competing post office; neither can he establish an n. No; his years of experience and study can not be capitalize 1 his knowledge to the Government. The years spent in mem ice schemes, he finds out when too late, have unfitted him for oth hough possessing a bewildering number of facts, he finds these à asset in the business or commercial world. He is a post-office - can be nothing else because of that.

Meanwhile he finds his maximum salary of $1,200 is dwindlin pidly soaring cost of necessities. He must live a great distan ork because post offices in large cities are in the business or con icts where rentals are beyond a clerk's income. His time is spe udy, his lengthy trip to and from work make his day, even with a mit, much longer than that of the average wage earner. If he mily, and if there is sickness in his family, then the lot of this enviable one. And, remember, he is what the clerks term a an. If he is a substitute clerk, or if he is but newly appointed month, then his predicament is much worse.

A case like this is by no means exceptional. Rather it is typical. arely ever attract public attention, however, because there is on ust be said of a Government job, it is a good medium for borro The Government clerk can get unlimited credit; the various tr verobliging. This creates the erroneous impression that the rincely salary, is able to live in a manner beyond the means of hereas, in most instances, he is heavily involved in debt in tryin ppearances in his rôle of a representative of the greatest Governm If the salaries paid to postal employees permit of no saving fo he work exacted of them unfits them for occupation elsewher ecessary for some system to be evolved to take care of those wh he best years of their lives to the service, reaching an improvi espite the strictest vigilance to economize. This system, in my op ake the form of contributions by the employees, provided a revisio s first effected. The present salaries, in justice to the employees De curtailed in the least.

་་་་་་་

retirement allowances are made to Federal judges, the Navy, Marine Corps, the Life-Saving Service, and the In the case of enlisted men in the Army after 30 uity is paid of approximately $67 a mouth.

in line with the proposed retirement plan are the penpolice and firemen in our municipalities. Each of the y having more than 300,000 inhabitants has a pension , and teachers. Of the 37 cities between 100.000 and but 1 pension policemen and all but 2 pension firemen. a population of between 25,000 and 100,000, 108 pension ■ or both. There is no uniformity, however, regarding xample, of the 18 largest cities. 9 do not stipulate the nent. In others it ranges from 50 to 65 years; the reranges from 20 to 25 years. Some of the cities require nsion fund from the employees. Others do not. The allowed also varies, but in most cases is half the salary there are cases where two-thirds of the active salary is largest cities the firemen's pension is fixed at half the ken the most advanced steps in caring for her superIn almost every branch of the State service nonconpaid superannuate employees, and the same is true of that State. In Boston, for instance, laborers in the e pensioned after 30 years of service.

enacted either optional or compulsory retirement laws

f the opinion that one of the beneficial effects of the 1 be the keeping in the Postal Service of many young vice, who now resign to seek more remunerative employinstance, over 100 postal employees are stated to have months because employment with better opportunities se were the younger men with more years of usefulness lder men remain in the service, for the Postal Service idual for work with other corporations, as the Governf the post office and there is no other similar work. So stays in the service beyond a certain age reaches the › corporation will not undertake to train him for their f years lessen that they may expect maximum service nined. The going out of the service of the younger men ained works to the great detriment of the service.