THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIation of WorkINGMEN. This associaiion, believed to be coextensive with civilized nations, have excited the curiosity and fears, and earnest attention of statesmen in Europe and, to some extent, lawgivers and the conductors of the press in this country. The association are supposed to have much to do with the "strikes" for higher wages and a less number of hours for labor which have prevailed so extensively during the early part of 1872. The leaders profess to be the great reformers of the day, and have lately, through the Central Committee of the American branch of the Association, addressed a circular letter to the delegates of that branch abroad, in which their designs are set forth in the following words:

"Our object is the political, social, economical and religious emancipation of all oppressed peoples, of all the impoverished, of all in employment, of all the ignorant.

"In order to arrive at political emancipation, we wish-1st. To crush all and every authoritative subjection, whatever it might be. 2d. To proclaim the rights of the individual, rights natural, indestructible, inalienable. 3d. To transform the state into a free federation equally free.

"In order to obtain social emancipation, we have in view-Ist. To abolish nationalities. 2d. To abolish the divisions by classes. 3d. To abolish all kinds of slavery. 4th. To abolish all privileges. 5th. To prevent any man being the hireling of another. 6th. To declare all the professions free. 7th. To declare free the exchange of products. 8th. To declare families free. 9th. To declare residence free.

"In order to obtain economical emancipation we believe that it is proper-1st. To place capital at the service of labor and of intelligence. 2d. To cause that each person should receive the integral price of his own labor. 3d. To abolish the interest or profit arising from capital. 4th. To abolish the law of hereditary succession. 5th. To declare the earth collective property, as likewise the great deeds or instruments of labor. 6th. To render gratuitous the postal service, as well as that of the telegraph and railways.

"In order to obtain religious emancipation, we intend-1st. To render freedom of thought. 2d.

Freedom of speech. 3d. To render the Press free, the tribune free, and all other means to propagate ideas. 4th. To declare the liberty and inviolability of conscience. 5th. To abolish all forms of religious worship."

This appears to be a plan for abolishing society and substituting for it absolute anarchy.

PUBLIC LIBRARY OF KENTUCKY.-On the evening of the 27th of April a public library was opened in Louisville, Kentucky, under the best promises of great usefulness. It is to be forever free for the use of the rich and poor alike It is the fruit of the conception and earnest endeavors of Colonel R. T. Durrett and a few others of Louisville, who, about a year before, secured the co-operation of leading men in that city, in the noble work. The Legislature of Kentucky gave them a liberal charter, in March, 1871, and on the evening in question, in the presence of a vast assemblage, Colonel Durrett said: "We this night open to the public a library of 20,000 volumes and a museum of 100,000 specimens free to the gratuitous use and enjoyment

of all."

The Library Association, of which Colonel Durrett is President, purchased a magnificent building, known as Weisiger Hall, and have devoted the central part of it to the use of the library, to which they have given the name of "Public Library of Kentucky."

JACOB LEISLER.-The Editor of the RECORD was in error in saying that Abraham Gouverneur (see page 276) was a brother-in-law of Jacob Leisler. He was a son-in-law, having married, sometime after the execution of Leisler and his son-in-law, Milborne, the widow of the latter. Hon.Gouverneur Kemble of Cold Spring, N. Y., a descendant of Abraham Gouverneur, writes to the Editor of RECORD, under date of June 11, correcting the error, and saying: "Gouverneur was sentenced at the same time, but respited, and escaped to Boston, where he was protected by Governor Bradstreet, who refused to give him up on the requisition of Governor Sloughter, and where he remained for two years, teaching French for a livelihood until the sentence of Leisler and his friends was reversed by act of Parliament, when he returned to New York."

ALFRED T. GOODMAN.

Mr. Goodman, though a very young man, was already extensively known as one of the most promising and earnest workers in the field of American history and antiquities. He died at Cleveland, Ohio, on the 20th of December, 1871. He was then, and had been since 1868, the efficient Secre

tary of the Western Reserve Historical Society, whose rooms and collections are in Cleveland. He gave to the duties of that office, at least half of his time and labor without pecuniary reward, and he made valuable donations to the Society, of almost every kind appropriate for their. collection. His mind ran to specialties, the most prominent of which was the collection of autographs of which he had

a large and choice number. It was thought to be one of the best collections in the country west of the Alleghanies. He was deeply read in the political and general history of the country. With a capacious brain and retentive memory, he readily absorbed and easily retained knowledge; and he made many valuable written contributions to local and general history.

Mr. Goodman was the son of English parents, natives of Warwickshire. They emigrated to Pennsylvania, where he was born in December, 1845, in Washington, Washington County. His family removed to Cleveland when he was a child, and there he was educated in the public schools. He was always a leader in his class. His capacity for acquiring knowledge was remarkable, and his industry kept pace with his capacity. He was graduated at the High School of Cleveland in 1864, when he joined the 150th regiment of Ohio National Guards, and served at Washington City; also in East Tennessee. At the end of his campaign he became assistant Editor and Legislative reporter to the "Daily Patriot and Union" of Harrisburg, Pa., at which post he remained until 1868, profiting largely by examinations of the Public Records at the Pennsylvania capital. He seemed to decipher old and faded manuscripts, as if by instinct; and a rapid and clear use of the pen gave him great facility for recording his observations or in copying rare documents. He was always happy when unravelling the historical mysteries enveloped in a pile of old letters. Fond of correspondence, by its means he discovered, traced up and recovered many valuable papers, all of which went into the collections of the Society which he so faithfully served.

Mr. Goodman was slight in person, very active, with a fair and fresh complexion, and dark hair and eyes; and from the time when he was elected Secretary of the Western Reserve Historical Society until 1870, he appeared to be in perfect health. But there was a constitutional weakness which proved fatal. During those two years he worked incessantly; perhaps overworked. He wrote several of the "Historical Tracts " published by the Society, and was busily engaged upon a biography of General Arthur St. Clair, when his last illness overtook him, in 1871. More than one hundred of the sketches in Drake's "Dictionary of American Biography" were furnished by him. He had also projected a History of the State of Ohio, for which he controlled the most ample material. But in 1871, frequent hemorrhages of the lungs forewarned him that his days were probably numbered. His last continuous labor was the preparation for publication, of the "Journal of Captain William Trent," which was issued by William Dodge, of Cincinnati, only a few weeks before his death. One of his latest communications to the press was that of a series of questions, over the initials "A. T. G." sent to the RECORD, (in the establishment of which he took special interest), and published on page 29, concerning the Jesuits in Ohio, answered

by Dr. SHEA on page 79; William Trent, referred to on page 173; St. Orr, and the building of Forts Junanndat and Sanduskie, commented upon by W. T. R. SAFFELL, on page 174. The "Journal" is enriched with copious and learned notes from the pen of Mr. Goodman.

Although Mr. Goodman was only twenty-six years of age at the time of his death, his loss is felt as a public calamity, for he seemed destined to rescue from oblivion much of the early history of Ohio and the West, for he possessed the most extensive knowledge of sources of information.

JAMES GORDON BENNETT.

One of the most energetic, independent and widely known journalists of the world, JAMES GORDON BENNETT, died at his residence in the City of New York, at a little past five o'clock on Saturday evening, the 2d of June. He was in the 77th year of his age, and had been, for some time, feeble in frame but with mental vigor seemingly unimpaired. For fifty years he had been connected with the newspaper press in the United States, and for thirty-seven years of that period he was the editor and proprietor of the "New York Herald," the first number of which was issued from a basement in Wall street, in May, 1835.

With a powerful will, soaring enterprise, independence of the opinions of others, unbounded confidence in his own judgment, and unimpeachable integrity in business, Mr. Bennett revolutionized the empire of journalism and made the New York Herald a power that was felt, feared, admired and hated in both hemispheres. By untiring industry and business sagacity, he amassed an immense fortune; and to many outside of his family the tidings of his death must have caused real sorrow, for his benefactions, generally unknown to all but the recipients, were, in the aggregate, munificent.

Mr. Bennett was born at New Mill, Keith, in Banffshire, Scotland, in the year 1794, and was of Scotch-French descent. At the age of about fifteen years, he was sent to a Roman Catholic Seminary in Aberdeen to be educated for the priesthood in the Italian Church. After a studious life there for nearly three years, he abandoned the idea of becoming an ecclesiastic, and with a young companion, emigrated to Halifax, where he taught school for a livelihood, for awhile. Vexed with the annoyances of the profession, he left it, travelled westward to Portland, in Maine, and in the autumn of 1819, when twenty-five years of age, he appeared in Boston where he obtained the situation of proofreader in the publishing house of Wells and Lilly. During his residence there he wrote and published several poetical pieces, which were suggested by his rambles in the vicinity of that town.

In 1822, Mr. Bennett went to New York, and after a brief connection with a newspaper there, as a proof-reader, he accepted the invitation of the proprietor of the "Charleston Courier" to become a

translator from the Spanish-American newspapers; for that journal. Not liking the situation he returned to New York in the course of a few months and issued proposals for the establishment of a Commercial School. Abandoning the project, he delivered a course of lectures on political economy in the vestry of the old North Dutch Reformed Church, corner of William and Ann streets.

In 1825, Mr. Bennett made his first effort as an independent journalist. He had saved some money, and with it he purchased a Sunday newspaper called the "New York Courier." It was unsuccessful as a speculation, and he was employed as a writer and reporter for several of the city papers. Then (1826) he became closely connected with the "National Advocate," a Democratic paper, and in the autumn of that year he took an active part in politics, for the first time, maintaining strong ground, with voice and pen, against tariff measures, and indulging in severe comments on banks and banking. Then it was that his caustic pen began to be felt and heeded. His convictions were so strong, that when the "National Advocate" espoused the cause of Adams against Jackson, he left that paper, and joined Mordecai Manuel Noah as associate Editor of the " Enquirer." Mr. Bennett became a warm partisan of Martin Van Buren and was a member of the Tammany Society. He warmly supported General Jackson for the Presidency in 1828, residing at Washington City as the metropolitan correspondent of the " Enquirer." When that paper and the "Courier" joined interests under the title of the "Courier and Enquirer" in 1829, he wrote for its Editorial department, and in the autumn of that year became an associate Editor.

When, so early as 1831, President Jackson began his relentless warfare upon the United States Bank, Mr. Bennett's pen vigorously supported him, in a series of powerful articles on the Banking System of the United States. He assisted the President and his friends in fighting the great financial battle, until a difference of political opinion between

Mr. Bennett and James Watson Webb, caused the former to leave the "Courier and Enquirer," when he issued the first number of a new journal, called the "New York Globe." It lived only a month, when Mr. Bennett purchased a part of the "Pennsylvanian," a Philadelphia journal, and became its principal editor. He continued his connection with that paper until 1834, when he returned to New York, and, as we have observed, issued the first number of the "New York Herald" in May, 1835, when he was about forty-one years of age.

Mr. Bennett always employed the best talent to assist him, paid liberal wages, conducted his business expensively but economically, subjected everything connected with his paper to his own strong will, took an independent stand which savored of recklessness, and seemed to be a sort of Ishmael in the domain of journalism and an iconoclast in society. His paper was never fettered by party ties in politics or religion. Its views upon great questions varied according to circumstances, and its erratic course made bitter enemies. As we have said, it was admired, feared and hated. Posterity may better judge than we whether its course has been beneficent or otherwise. The "New York Herald" will always hold a conspicuous place in the history of the newspaper press in this country.

About five years ago Mr. Bennett withdrew from the active management of the "Herald," which then devolved largely upon his son. He was attacked with something like apoplexy, on the 25th of May. Twelve hours afterward, the attack was repeated with great severity, and three days later, at Mr. Bennett's request, Archbishop McClosky administered to him the last sacraments of the Roman Catholic Church. He finally sank peacefully inte the slumber of death, four days after the sacred rites. His body was embalmed and kept until the return of a part of his family who were in Europe at the time of his death. On the 13th of June it was deposited in the family vault in Greenwood Cemetery.

Annual Record of Science and Industry for 1872. Edited by SPENCER F. BAIRD, with the

assistance of eminent men of Science. New York: Harper & Brothers, 12mo. pp. 634. This as the title infers, is a general history of the progress of Scientific discovery and work during the last year, in the various departments of Mathematics and Astronomy; Terrestrial Physics and Meteorology; Electricity, Light, Heat and Sound; Chemistry and Metallurgy; Mineralogy and Geology; Geography; General Natural History and Zoology; Anatomy and Physiology; Botany and Horticulture; Agriculture and Rural Economy; Household Economy; Mechanics and Engineering; Technology;

Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Hygiene, and at general summary of that progress.

Professor Baird by previous preparation as a teacher of Science in Dickenson College, and careful writer upon scientific subjects, was peculiarly qualified for the task which be appears to have performed so well. A larger portion of the volume had appeared before its publication, in the " Editor's Scientific Record," of "Harper's Monthly," and the Scientific Intelligence," in "Harpers's Weekly," during the year 1871. Professor Baird is now at the source of scientific knowledge, namely, the Smithsonian Institute, Washington City, where he is one of the most industrious and intelligent

laborers. His work here mentioned, contains a record of every important event in the World of Science, during the year 1871.

History of the State of New York, by JOHN ROMEYN BRODHEAD. Second Volume, First Edition. New York: Harper & Brothers, 8vo. pp. 680. The first volume of this very important work was published in 1858. It brought the record down to the eve of the Surrender of New Netherland to the English, in 1664. At that point this volume takes up the narrative, and continues it to the execution of Liesler, and his son-in-law Milborne, on the false charge of treason to the Crown. It leaves the reader at a very interesting point in the history of the State of New York. It was the beginning of that struggle of Democracy against Aristocracy which culminated in the Revolution of 1775, and for the freedom of the press which was vindicated at the trial of Zenger forty years earlier. It covers one of the most important periods in the history of the State, and at the same time one of the most interesting. During that period the province passed by violence, from Dutch to English rule after two struggles; assumed a new name; was governed by a new policy; was molded by new habits, customs and influences into a new form of society, and became a loyal and powerful part of the British realm.

It is not too much to say that no man in the country is so well qualified to make an exhaustive and truthful history of the State of New York, as Mr. Brodhead. His familiarity with the Dutch language; his minute and extensive knowledge of the documents which relate to the earlier history of New York, and his familiarity with the sources of information, obtained while acting as Agent of the State of New York to procure Historical Documents relating to it in Europe, thirty years ago, and a continual study of these sources ever since give him the best means for making a positively standard work. It is to be hoped that he will speedily bring out the remaining volumes, which are to contain the history of the State down to the inauguration of Washington.

Society of the Army of the Cumberland, Fifth Reunion, Detroit, 1871. Published by order of the Society. Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Co., 8vo. pp. 246. This is one of the elegantly printed volumes issued by the house above named, and of a series of reports of the Society of the Army of the Cumberland. It contains the minutes of the proceedings of the Society at the Opera House, in Detroit last November, including a banquet. General Rosecrans, the President of the Society, being absent, General Sheridan, the Senior Vice President presided. Speeches were given, and the proceedings were very interesting. Measures were taken to erect a suitable monument to the memory of General Geo. H. Thomas. Many of the distinguished officers of the Army of the Cumberland, participated in the proceedings.

The volume also contains the oration of General Barnum; an account of the Banquet proceedings; Memorial pages devoted to Generals Thomas and and Robert Anderson, and Colonel M. C. Taylor, Anderson; Memoirs of Generals T. J. Harrison with the Constitution, By-Laws and List of Members of the Society. It is illustrated by a portrait of General Sherman, engraved on steel, and a picture in proper colors, of the Badge of the Society.

Occasional Addresses and the Letters of Mr. Ambrose on the Rebellion, by JOHN P. KENNEDY. New York: G. P. Putman & Sons, 12mo. pp. 472. Political and Official papers, by JOHN P. KENG. P. Putman & Sons, 12mo. pp. 614.

NEDY.

At Home and Abroad, a Scries of Essays: With a Journal in Europe in 1867-8, by JOHN P. KENNEDY. G. P. Putman & Sons, 12mo. pp. 415.

These are the titles of three more volumes

published under the direction of the executors of the late JOHN P. KENNEDY, of Maryland, the first of which, (a Life of that gentleman, by the late H. T. Tuckerman,) was noticed on page 96 of the RECORD.

The first named of the above books contains Addresses on various occasions, such as the opening of the Collegiate Department of the University of Maryland; before 'the Horticultural Society of Maryland; before the American Institute in New York; at the Dedication of Green Mount Cemetery; before the Maryland Institute for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts; before the Mechanics' Institute of Baltimore, and at the Inauguration of the Peabody Institute. It also contains Discourses on the lives and Characters of William Wirt, George Calvert and William Thom; and Mr. Kennedy's Letters, eleven in number, on the recent Civil War, under the title of "Letters of Mr. Ambrose on the Rebellion." These treat upon Revolu"Sudden Conversions," "Secession," tion," "Rebellion," "Conspiracy,' "State Rights," "State Sovereignty," and "Peace."

The second named of the above volumes, contains the most important of Mr. Kennedy's political writings in the form of official reports, addresses, essays, letters, and speeches in congress, chiefly on Commerce, Currency and Political Economy. In these the Statesmanship of Mr. Kennedy is conspicuously displayed, and many of the secret workings of parties in the past, are revealed.

The third named of these volumes, shows more of Mr. Kennedy's purely literary character under the respective heads of "Chronicles," "Essays," and "Miscellanies;" and of the genial, observing and intelligent traveler in his Journal Abroad in 1866 -1868," which comprises a record of his journeyings in search of health, in Germany, Southern France and Nice, Italy, Spain, England and Northern Europe. It gives a minute and most interesting account of Paris during the Great Exposition.

The contents of these books, together with Mr. Kennedy's four novels, namely, "Horse Shoe Robinson," ""Swallow Barn," "Rob of the Bowl," and "Quodlibet," have been published by Messrs Putman & Sons, in ten uniform volumes, on tinted paper, at $ 20. A beautiful Library Edition.

The Best Reading. Hints on the selection of Books; on the formation of Libraries, Public and Private; on Courses of Reading, etc., with a Classified Biography for easy reference. New York: G. P. Putman & Sons, 12mo. pp. 255. This little volume is one of "Putnam's Handy Book Series," of which none so really valuable to the reading public, have been issued. Its usefulness may be inferred at a glance, and fully attested by perusal. It is an intelligent guide for readers, and for those who are about to form libraries, leading each to wholesome fountains.

The arrangement of the little volume is admirable. Under about four hundred different themes or topics, are briefly quoted the titles of such books on each subject as are best known and most surely acceptable with a full index. In these selections only such books as the general reader might wish to consult have been mentioned, and Law Books, Theological and Religious Treatises, Sunday School Books, Technical works in Science and Art, School Text Books and many anonymous or doubtful works of Fiction, have been omitted. The nominal retail prices for copies bound in cloth, are given with the letters a. b. and c., indicating by the first that the book so marked is probably the safest of the smaller works on the subject; the second the most important, elaborate and costly works, and the third that further choice may be made by those who may require more than one book on the same subject.

on page 48 of the RECORD, and has been recently published by Mr. Munsell.

Mr. Ruttenber, satisfied that the treatment which the Indians of Hudson's River had received at the hands of chroniclers and historians, had been unjust and erroneous, instituted a rigid inquiry by the just method of the analyzation of original sources of information. It has been a work requiring great and patient labor and this the author seems to have given freely. He has traced the history of the tribes found in the Valley of the Hudson, from the earliest period, and with good judgment, so arranged his narrative, as to show with great clearness their original position in the family of nations, and that which they subsequently maintained; the wrongs which they suffered and the triumphs which they won; their greatness and their decay. This investigation has led the author to the conclusion that "the tribes in question have a history which entitles them to a high rank in the annals of aboriginal nations, and which assigns to them native abilities as distinguished, eloquence as pure, bravery and prowess as unquestionable, as was possessed by those who, preserved for a greater time in their national integrity by their remoteness from civilization, became of more esteem in their relations to the government but less noble in their purposes."

Mr. Ruttenber makes free use of the narratives and other writings of the earlier European visitors or settlers upon the banks of the Hudson, and of subsequent authors who have made the Indian tribes their study; and with an honesty which has become rare he gives each writer full credit for what he has contributed to the store of knowledge on the subject. With the greatest candor he reviews all evi dence upon the character and doings of these ab. riginals, whether fragments of tribes or essentially nations, giving a full account of their traditions respecting themselves and their social, commercial and political relations with Europeans. In these narratives many tales more marvellous than romance could invent, are told. Their history is traced until the time when all the tribes respectively faded, like the stars of heaven before the light of the morning sun. The work is well illustrated by engravings on steel and wood. Among the former are two portraits of Brant; also portraits of Red Jacket, Peter Stuyvesant and Sir William Johnson.

Address at the annual meeting of the Old Settlers' Association. By EDWARD D. NIELL. This address was delivered at the Academy of Music, in Minneapolis, before the Old Settlers' Association of Hennepin County, Minnesota, on the 22d of February last. It is a brief review of the history of Minnesota. With the address is printed the proceedings of the Association at that time. A large number of the Old Settlers, with their families, were present. A song, entitled "The Westward March of Man," was sung, when Mr. Neill was introduced as "one of the earliest settlers of Minnesota, whose name is associated with all that is good and noble in the early progress of the State."