PUBLIC MINISTERS OF THE UNITED STATES, TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES, FROM 1789 TO 1846. To Great Britain. Gouverneur Morris, of New Jersey, commissioner, October 13, 1789. Thomas Pinckney, of South Carolina, minister plenipotentiary, January 12, 1792. James Monroe and William Pinkney, jointly and severally, ministers plenipotentiary and extraordinary, May 12, 1806. William Pinkney, of Maryland, minister plenipotentiary, May 12, 1806, renewed February 26, 1808. John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, February 28, 1815. Richard Rush, of Pennsylvania, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, December 16, 1817. Rufus King, of New York, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, May 5, 1825. Albert Gallatin, of Pennsylvania, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, May 10, 1826. James Barbour, of Virginia, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, May 23, 1828. Louis M'Lane, of Delaware, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, February 10, 1830. Martin Van Buren, of N. Y., envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, 1831. Aaron Vail, of New York, chargé d'affaires, 1832. Andrew Stevenson, of Virginia, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, 1836. Edward Everett, of Massachusetts, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, 1841. Louis M'Lane, of Maryland, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, 1845. To France. William Short, of Virginia, chargé d'affaires, April 6, 1790. Gouverneur Morris, of New Jersey, minister penipotentiary, January 12, 1792. James Monroe, of Virginia, minister plenipotentiary, May 28, 1790. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, of South Carolina, minister plenipotentiary, September 9, 1796. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, Elbridge Gerry, and John Marshall, jointly and severally, envoys extraordinary and ministers plenipotentiary, June 5, 1797. Oliver Ellsworth, Patrick Henry, and William Vans Murray, envoys extraordinary and ministers plenipotentiary, February 26, 1799. William Richardson Davie, of North Carolina, in place of Patrick Henry, December 10, 1799. James A. Bayard, of Delaware, minister plenipotentiary, February 19, 1801. Robert R. Livingston, of New York, minister plenipotentiary, October 2, 1801. John Armstrong, of New York, minister plenipotentiary, June 30, 1804. Joel Barlow, of Connecticut, minister plenipotentiary, February, 27, 1811. William H. Crawford, of Georgia, minister plenipotentiary, April 9, 1813. Albert Gallatin, of Pennsylvania, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, February 28, 1815. James Brown, of Louisiana, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, December 9, 1823. William C. Rives, of Virginia, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, February 10, 1830. Edward Livingston, of Louisiana, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, 1833. Lewis Cass, of Ohio, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, 1836. William R. King, of Alabama, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, 1844. To Spain. William Carmichael, of Maryland, chargé d'affaires, April 11, 1790. Thomas Pinckney, of South Carolina, envoy extrordinary, November 24, 1794. David Humphreys, of Connecticut, minister plenipotentiary, Mav 20, 1796. Charles Pinckney, of South Carolina, minister plenipotentiary, June 6, 1801. James Monroe, of Virginia, minister extraordinary and plenipotentiary, October 14, 1804. James Bowdoin, of Massachusetts, minister plenipotentiary, November 22, 1804. George W. Erving, of Massachusetts, minister plenipotentiary, August 10, 1814. John Forsyth, of Georgia, minister plenipotentiary, February 16, 1819. Hugh Nelson, of Virginia, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, June 15, 1823. Alexander Hill Everett, of Massachusetts, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, March 9, 1825. Cornelius P. Van Ness, of Vermont, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, February 10, 1830. William T. Barry, of Ky., envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, 1835. John H. Eaton, of Tenn., envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, 1836. Aaron Vail, of New York, chargé d'affaires, 1840. Washington Irving, of N. Y., envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, 1842. Romulus M. Saunders, of North Carolina, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, 1546. To the Netherlands. William Short, of Virginia, minister resident, January 16, 1792. John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts, minister resident, May 30, 1794. William Eustis, of Massachusetts, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, December 10, 1814. Alexander H. Everett, of Massachusetts, chargé d'affaires, November 30, 1818. Christopher Hughes, of Maryland, chargé d'affaires, March 9, 1825. Albert Gallatin and William Pitt Preble, agents in the negotiation and upon the umpirage relating to the northeastern boundary of the United States, May 9, 1828. William Pitt Preble, of Maine, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, February 10, 1830. Auguste Davezac, of Louisiana, chargé d'affaires, 1831. Harmanus Bleecker, of New York, chargé d'affaires, 1839. To Portugal. David Humphreys, of Connecticut, minister resident, February 21, 1791. Thomas L. L. Brent, of Virginia, chargé d'affaires, March 9, 1825. Washington Barrow, chargé d'affaires, 1841. Abraham Rencher, of North Carolina, chargé d'affaires, 1843. To Prussia. John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts, minister plenipotentiary, June 1, 1797. Henry Clay (secretary of state), special commissioner, with full power to conclude a treaty with the government of Prussia, April 18, 1828. Henry Wheaton, of Rhode Island, minister plenipotentiary, 1837. Andrew J. Donelson, of Tennessee, minister plenipotentiary, 1846. To Austria. Henry A. Muhlenberg, of Pennsylvania, minister plenipotentiary, 1838. William A. Stiles, of Georgia, chargé d'affaires, 1845. To Russia. John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts, minister plenipotentiary, June 27, 1809. James A. Bayard, of Delaware, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, February 28, 1815. William Pinkney, of Maryland, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, April 26, 1815. George W. Campbell, of Tennessee, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, April 16, 1818. Henry Middleton, of South Carolina, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, April 6, 1820. John Randolph, of Virginia, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, 1830. James Buchanan, of Penn., envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, 1831. William Wilkins, of Penn., envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, 1834. John Randolph Clay, of Pennsylvania, chargé d'affaires, 1836. George M. Dallas, Penn., envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, 1837. Churchill C. Cambreleng, of New York, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, 1840. Charles S. Todd, of Ky., envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, 1841. To Sweden. Jonathan Russell, of Rhode Island, minister plenipotentiary, January 18, 1814. Henry W. Ellsworth, of Indiana, chargé d'affaires, 1845. Negotiators of the Treaty of Ghent. John Quincy Adams, Albert Gallatin, and James A. Bayard, envoys extraordinary and ministers plenipotentiary, April 17, 1813. (See rol. 1, pages 363, 366.) Henry Clay and Jonathan Russell were added to this commission on the 18th of January, 1814. To Denmark. Henry Wheaton, of New York, chargé d'affaires, March 3, 1827. Jonathan F. Woodside, of Ohio, chargé d'affaires, 1835. To Belgium. Hugh S. Legaré, of South Carolina, chargé d'affaires, 1832. To the Two Sicilies. John Nelson, of Maryland, chargé d'affaires, 1831. To Sardinia. H. Y. Rogers,chargé d'affaires, 1840. Ambrose Baber, of Georgia, chargé d'affaires, 1841. Robert Wickliffe, jr., of Kentucky, chargé d'affaires, 1843. To Turkey. David Porter, of Maryland, chargé d'affaires, 1831. David Porter, minister resident, 1839. Dabney S. Carr, of Maryland, minister resident, 1843. To Guatemala (Central America). William Miller, of North Carolina, chargé d'affaires, March 7, 1825. To Mexico. Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, January 27, 1823. (Declined the appointment.) Ninian Edwards, of Illinois, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, March 4, 1824. Joel R. Poinsett, of South Carolina, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, March 8, 1825. Anthony Butler, of Mississippi, chargé d'affaires, March 12, 1830. Powhattan Ellis, of Miss., envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, 1837. Waddy Thompson, of S. C., envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, 1842. Wilson Shannon, of Ohio, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, 1844. John Slidell, of Louisiana, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, 1845. To the Republic of Colombia. Richard C. Anderson, of Virginia, minister plenipotentiary, January 27, 1823. Beaufort T. Watts, of South Carolina, chargé d'affaires, March 3, 1827. William Henry Harrison, of Ohio, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, May 24, 1828. Thomas P. Moore, of Kentucky, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, March 13, 1829. To Brazil. Condy Raguet, of Pennsylvania, chargé d'affaires, March 9, 1825. Ethan A. Brown, of Ohio, chargé d'affaires, 1830. William Hunter, of Rhode Island, chargé d'affaires, 1834. William Hunter, of Rhode Island, minister plenipotentiary, 1841. Henry A. Wise, of Virginia, minister plenipotentiary, 1844. To the Republic of Buenos Ayres. Cæsar A. Rodney, of Delaware, minister plenipotentiary, January 27, 1823. Francis Baylies, of Massachusetts, chargé d'affaires, 1832. William Brent, jr., of Virginia, chargé d'affaires, 1844. To the Republic of Chili. Heman Allen, of Vermont, minister plenipotentiary, January 27, 1823. Richard Pollard, of Virginia, chargé d'affaires, 1834. John S. Pendleton, of Virginia, chargé d'affaires, 1841. To Peru. James Cooley of Ohio, chargé d'affaires, May 2, 1826. Samuel Larned, of Rhode Island, chargé d'affaires, December 29, 1828. Samuel Larned, of Rhode Island, chargé d'affaires, 1831. James B. Thornton, of New Hampshire, chargé d'affaires, 1836. To Venezuela. J. G. A. Williamson, of North Carolina, chargé d'affaires, 1835. To New Grenada. Robert B. M'Afee, of Kentucky, chargé d'affaires, 1833. William M. Blackford, of Virginia, chargé d'affaires, 1842. Benjamin A. Bidlack, of Pennsylvania, chargé d'affaires, 1845. Assembly of American nations, proposed to be held at Panama. Richard C. Anderson, of Virginia, and John Sergeant, of Pennsylvania, envoys extraordinary and ministers plenipotentiary, March 14, 1826. Joel R. Poinsett, of South Carolina, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, February 12, 1827. To Texas. Alcee Labranche, of Louisiana, chargé d'affaires, 1837. Joseph Eve, of Kentucky, chargé d'affaires, 1841. To China. Caleb Cushing, of Massachusetts, commissioner, 1843. George Brown, of Massachusetts, commissioner, 1843. The pay of ministers plenipotentiary is $9,000 per annum, salary, beside $9,000 for an outfit. Secretaries of legation receive $2,000, and chargé d'affaires, $4,500 per annum. To entitle any chargé d'affaires, or secretary of any legation or embassy to any foreign country, or secretary of any minister plenipotentiary, to the above compensation, they must respectively be appointed by the president of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the senate; but in the recess of the senate, the president is authorized to make such appointments, which must be submitted to the senate at the next session thereafter, for their advice and consent; and no compensation is allowed to any chargé d'affaires, or any secretary of legation, embassy, or minister, who shall not be so appointed. Consuls of the United States, generally so called, are, in effect, agents for commerce and seamen; which latter denomination, for particular reasons, is given to some of this class of public officers. They receive no yearly salaries (except at Paris and London, Tangier, Tunis, and Tripoli, where they have an annual salary of $2,000), and their compensation is derived from the fees which are allowed by law. The amount of these fees depends, of course, upon the state of foreign trade, which is perpetually fluctuating. Consuls of the United States, for commercial purposes, are regularly admitted and recognised, as to their official functions, in the ports of Christian Europe; but in the colonies of the European nations, agents for commerce and seamen mostly exercise the duties of their station under courtesy, without any formal recognition; and, in some instances, from the jealousy of colonial policy, they have not been permitted to exercise them at all. In their public capacity, consuls and agents for commerce and seamen are principally occupied in verifying, in different forms, the legality of the trade of the United States with foreign nations, and in relieving and sending home American seamen, who, by accident or misfortune, are left destitute within the jurisdiction of their several consulates and agencies. The compensation of the following public officers of the United States is at present fixed by law at the amounts stated : President of the United states, $25,000 per annum; vice-president, $5,000 per annum; secretaries of state, treasury, navy, and war, each, $6,000 per annum; postmaster-general, $6,000 per annum; attorney-general, $4,000 per annum; chief justice of the supreme court, $5,000 per annum; associate justices, $4,500 per annum. From the first Congress, in 1789, inclusive, until March 4, 1795, senators and representatives received each $6 per diem, and $6 for every twenty miles travel. From March 4, 1795, to March 4, 1796, senators received $7, and representatives $6 per diem. From March 4, 1796, until December 4, 1815, the per diem was $6, and the mileage $6, to senators and representatives. From December 4, 1815, until March 4, 1817, each senator and representative received $1,500 per annum, with a proportional deduction for absence, from any cause but sickness. The president of the senate pro tempore, and speaker of the house, $3,000 per annum, each. From March 4, 1817, the compensation to members of both houses has been $8 per diem, and $8 for every twenty miles travel; and to the president of the senate pro tempore, and speaker of the house, $16 per diem. |