19. The location of Watkins's Point has been a subject of great difficulty. The charter of Maryland locates it as a promontory on the Chesapeake Bay, near the Wicomico. River, but it is now washed away, and is known only as the southern end of Watts's Island. In these boundary disputes the Lords Baltimore lost also the whole territory of Delaware, and that vast body of land lying between Mason and Dixon's line and the fortieth parallel of north latitude.

20. In 1733 an act was passed to emit and make current "ninety thousand pounds of current money of Maryland." Paper money was to be issued to this amount, and to circulate thirty-one years from the 29th of September of that year. On the face of the paper money issued in compliance with this and other subsequent acts is a rude picture of the lesser seal of the province of Maryland. The figures of the fisherman and farmer which appear on the greater seal are also on the lesser, as well as the shield, the count palatine's cap, the ducal crown, the helmet and bannerets. The form of this seal is square, like the greater seal-at-arms, and ornamental carving is seen over the heads of the supporters of the shield. On some of the coins and the issues of paper money, the words "Crescite et Multiplicamini " appear, but not upon any of the provincial seals, nor upon the seals-atarms of the Lords Baltimore.

21. At a session of the legislature which met at Annapolis on the 20th of March, 1734, Samuel Ogle, who had temporarily yielded the governor's chair to Lord Baltimore in person, again assumed it as governor of the province, Lord Baltimore having set sail for England.

22. In 1736 an act was passed for erecting a town in Cecil County on thirty acres of land, to be divided into sixty equal lots. Lot-holders in the town were required to pay one penny per lot per annum to Lord Baltimore and his heirs for ever; and it was named Frederick Town, after the name of his lordship's young son.

23. In the same year George Town, in Kent County, was erected on the south side of Sassafras River, on a tract of land known as Tolchester. Sixty acres of land were laid out into one hundred lots, and each lot was made subject to a ground-rent of one penny per annum, payable to Lord Baltimore and his heirs for ever.

24. About the year 1740 the Indian tribes of Maryland, that had lived with the whites for more than one hundred years in almost uninterrupted peace, were gathering up the bones of their fathers preparatory to a departure to new hunting-grounds in the west.

25. The title of some of the tribes of the Six Nations to lands in Maryland was extinguished by treaty and actual purchase; they were departing from the Choptank and Nanticoke settlements on the eastern, and on the western shore they were nearly all absorbed in civilization.

26. On the 20th of September, 1737, Charles Carroll of Carrollton was born at Annapolis.

27. At the session of the legislature which assembled at Annapolis on the 21st of September, 1742, Thomas Bladen appeared as governor of Maryland.

28. In this year an act was passed for laying out anew the town commonly called Snow Hill Town, then in Somerset County. This place was first erected into a town in 1686, and again confirmed by an act passed in 1706. The houses built in this town were to cover four hundred square feet of ground, and the chimneys were to be built of brick. 29. In this year, also, Somerset County was divided, and a new county, called Worcester, erected on the seaboard. Watkins's Point, at the same time, was made the beginning of the boundary line of Somerset County.

30. In the same year an act was passed for laying out and erecting a town at Garrison Landing, on the south side of the eastern branch of the Potomac River, to be called Bladensburg, after the new governor of Maryland,

Charles Town was also laid out at a place called Long Point, on the west side of Northeast River, in Cecil County. One year's residence in this town gave all the rights of a residence in the province. Although a great number of towns were erected in early times, yet very few of them ever grew to importance. Baltimore took from them their trade; they languished, and some of them are almost forgotten.

31. On the 31st of October, 1740, William Paca was born in Harford County, and was an early advocate of the rights of the American colonies.

32. In 1741 Samuel Chase was born in Somerset County. He became a pure patriot, a learned judge, and a leader in the cause of independence.

33. In 1743 Thomas Stone was born in Charles County. He soon took his place among the great leaders in the province-not born for himself, but for his country.

34. A town laid out at a place called the Trap, on Indian River, in Worcester County, in 1744, was called Baltimore Town; but, unlike Baltimore on the Patapsco, it never grew to importance. Upper Marlborough, in Prince George's County, was laid out in 1706, and laid out anew in 1744.

35. In 1745 the second regular newspaper published in Maryland was established at Annapolis by Jonas Green. It was called the "Maryland Gazette," and was published by the first editor and his descendants for more than one hundred years.

36. On the 16th of May, 1747, Samuel Ogle appeared at a session of the legislature, and took his seat as governor of Maryland for a third term.

37. In 1748 Prince George's County was divided, and a new one, called Frederick County, was erected from the territory of its upper portion.

CHAPTER XV.

1748-1763.

Boundary Disputes.--"Old and New Style."-War Threatened.-Braddock's March through Maryland.-His Death and Burial.--Colonel Cresap and the Indians.--" Mound Builders" in Maryland.

1. Soon after Lord Baltimore obtained his charter, a body of Swedes and Fins made settlements on the Delaware within the bounds of Lord Baltimore's grant; and, when these settlements were conquered by the Dutch, disputes arose between them and Lord Baltimore as to his exclusive right to all the land embraced within the lines of his charter. These disputes continued until the settlements passed by conquest into the possession of the English. In 1681 William Penn obtained a charter for Pennsylvania, and about the same time he purchased from the Duke of York the territories west of the Delaware which had been granted to him by his brother, King Charles II.

2. These grants included the town of Newcastle and a territory of twelve miles around it, also the land between the southern extremity of the circle of twelve miles and what was then Cape Henlopen. Penn assumed control of these territories in 1682, and demanded of the planters that they pay rent and taxes to him.

3. This gave rise to a violent controversy, which was not settled till many years after.

4. The claim of Lord Baltimore to the lands on the Delaware, being referred to the committee on plantations, it reported that "the lands intended to be granted to his lordship

were such as were occupied by savages, but the tract claimed by him had been planted by Christians prior to his grant."

5. "To avoid further difficulties," the committee on plantations decreed that "the peninsula between the Chesapeake and Delaware should be divided into two equal parts, by a line drawn from the latitude of Cape Henlopen to the fortieth degree of north latitude, the portion lying toward the Delaware to belong to the king, and the other to Lord Baltimore." Much depended upon a true map of the peninsula, and upon the true location of Cape Henlopen. A map was prepared in 1732 by commissioners appointed for the purpose, who came to an agreement by, which a circle drawn around Newcastle should be the starting-point for establishing the northern boundary line described in the charter of Maryland.

6. With Newcastle as a center, therefore, and twelve miles as a radius, a circle was to be described about that town. A line, due east and west, was then to be drawn across the peninsula, from Cape Henlopen toward the Chesapeake, to stop in the exact middle of the peninsula. From this point a straight line was to be drawn northward, and produced so as to touch the western part of the periphery of the circle, forming a tangent, and then stop short.

7. From the tangent point, it was agreed to run a line due north, until it should come into the same latitude as that of a point located at a distance of fifteen miles south of the most southern part of Philadelphia.

8. From the end of the line so determined, a line due west was to be drawn to cross the Susquehanna River, and run to the western extent of the province of Pennsylvania.

9. The questions arose, whether it was really meant that the circle to be described about Newcastle should be of a radius or periphery of twelve miles? where should be its proper center? and where the exact point designated by Cape Henlopen? After a long and expensive suit in chan