ANNUAL REPORT

A tim 3542 215

401

TREASURY DEPARTMENT,

Document No. 2245,

Bureau of Navigation.

Rec. Dec. 5, 1901.

Causes of increase in registered steam tonnage..

Percentage of exports and imports carried in American vessels.

13

H223

11

12

12

Comparison of our registered steel steamers with the fleets of the North

German Lloyd (German), Peninsular and Oriental (British), and Mes-

sageries Maritimes (French) Steamship companies...

Analysis of the year's construction..

List of vessels over 1,000 tons built in the United States during the fiscal

year.

Construction during the current fiscal year.

Number and tonnage of steel merchant and naval vessels under construc-
tion in American shipyards, with capital invested and men employed..

List of ocean steel screw steamers over 1,000 tons built last year and now

under construction in the United States...

Cost of construction in the United States and Great Britain.

Statement of Mr. B. N. Baker, president of the Atlantic Transport Line..
Ocean steel screw steamers built in Great Britain and Germany...

Activity of American shipping....

Foreign voyages of American vessels in 1900, with tonnage and mileage on

the Atlantic and Pacific...

Comparison with mileage and tonnage of the North German Lloyd, Penin-
sular and Oriental, and Messageries Maritimes Steamship companies...

Comparison of entries and clearances of American and foreign vessels in

1897 and 1900

American purchase of the Leyland Line steamers.

Capital for shipping enterprises.

Control of the export trade

Registry law

Cost of construction

Cost of operation.

American ownership under foreign flags

Steamers under foreign flags owned by American capital

Profits of capital

Relations to export trade

Relations to national prestige

Pay rolls of St. Louis (American), Oceanic (British), and Kaiser Wilhelm

der Grosse (German).

Ocean mail subsidies

40

Mail contracts of International Navigation Company (American), Peninsu-

lar and Oriental (British), Cunard and White Star (British), Union-

Castle (British), Elder Dempster (British), North German Lloyd (Ger-

man), Messageries Maritimes (French), and Nippon Yusen Kaisha

(Japanese)

40

28

33

Ocean mail subsidies-Continued.

Auxiliary cruisers ..

Other ocean mail contracts..

Speed requirements

American mail pay to foreign lines and foreign mail pay to American lines.

Nationality of crews.

Cadets or apprentices..

Duration of contracts.

Page.

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43

43

45

45

45

ocean mail act of 1891

Penalties

National build of mail steamers

Comparison of Cunard and White Star British contract with American

Freight rates..

Government purchase or charter

45

46

48

48

48

General considerations..

48

South American and South African ocean mails

49

British contract with Union-Castle Mail Line

49

Comparison of Union-Castle contract with American ocean mail act of

1891.

49

German East African mail contract.

51

Wages on British mail steamers to Africa and American mail steamers to

Mexico

Comparison of American and British shipping in 1850 and 1860

54

Comparison of American and British shipping in 1861 and 1865.

54

Beginning of commercial ocean steam navigation.

55

Comparison of American and British shipping in 1838

Beginning of British mail contracts with the Cunard, Peninsular and

Oriental, Pacific Steam, and Royal Mail lines

British subsidies in 1860 .

Comparison of American and British shipping in 1838 and 1860.

55

55

57

57

Military purposes

Lights on fishing vessels and steam pilot vessels

Conclusion....

Comparison of American and British shipping in 1849 and 1860.

Nature and effect of British subsidies

Political and colonial purposes

Commercial effects

Pilotage charges on sailing vessels in the coasting trade

Fees for certificates of title

58

59

59

60

61

61

Government profit and loss for British and American ocean mail services

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64

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65

66

66

APPENDIXES.

A. Legislation

1. Bill concerning tonnage taxes

2. Bill concerning pilotage charges on sailing vessels in the coasting

trade

3. Bill concerning certificates of title

B. Reports of shipping commissioners.

2. Shipments and reshipments

3. Discharges

68

1. Shipments, discharges, and expenditures

68

69

69

4. Nativity of seamen shipped

69

C. Wages of seamen

70

1. Average monthly wages paid in the American merchant marine

for the year ended June 30, 1901.....

71

2. Average monthly wages paid to able seamen on American vessels,

1894 to 1901

77

3. Average monthly wages paid to first mates on American vessels,

1894 to 1901

85

C. Wages of seamen-Continued.

4. Average monthly wages paid to firemen and first engineers on

American steam vessels, 1894 to 1901.

Page.

93

5. Predominant rates of wages of able seamen on British vessels,

1870 to 1900..

98

6. Predominant rates of wages of firemen and trimmers on British

vessels, 1895 to 1900..

99

7. Maximum, minimum, and predominant wages of mates on British

vessels, 1900..

100

8. Maximum, minimum, and predominant wages of engineers on

British steam vessels, 1900..

102

9. Average monthly wages of mates, petty officers, engineers, and

firemen on British vessels, 1870 to 1900...

103

10. Wages, shipping articles, and food scale on steamships St. Louis,

Oceanic, and Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse..

104

11. Wages on representative American ocean mail steamers in various

trades

115

12. Wages on small American, British, and Norwegian freight steamers.

13. Average wages on German vessels..

3. Tonnage taxes collected in Porto Rico during May and June

1900, and year ended June 30, 1901

122

4. Entries of American and foreign vessels at seaports since 1888.

5. Expenditures, for maritime purposes, of the United States since

4. Motive power and material of construction of the world's mer-

chant navies (Lloyd's).

129

5. Tonnage tables for a period of years, with potential tonnage

(Bureau Veritas).

134

6. Vessels of over 100 tons built during each of the last seven years

(Lloyd's)

135

7. Summary of the world's shipbuilding for 1900 (Lloyd's)

8. Construction in progress September 30, 1901 (Lloyd's)

9. Vessels lost or broken up during 1900 (Lloyd's)..

136

141

143

F. Steel ship building of the world

144

1. Steel steam vessels built in the United States in the past eleven

years

144

2. Steel steam vessels building or contracted for in the United States

on June 15, 1901 ..

146

3. Steel steam vessels of over 1,000 tons built in British yards in 1900.

4. Steel steam vessels of over 1,000 tons built in 1900 or building in

1901 in German yards.

156

163

7. Table illustrating progress in steel ship building.

5. War vessels built in 1900 or building in 1901 in German yards.

6. Merchant steamers for German owners built in 1900 or building in

1901 in United Kingdom and Norway.

G. Government aid to shipping..

United States-

1. Mail compensation, 1901..

Great Britain-

2. British ocean mail payments, 1901....

3. British naval reserve appropriations, 1901.

4. British reserve merchant cruisers, 1901

5. British ocean mail subsidies from 1840..

Germany--

6. German trans-Atlantic mail pay....

France-

7. French navigation bounty project.....

Foreign subsidies-

8. Reports of British representatives on subsidies paid by Austria-

Hungary, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the

Netherlands, Russia, Sweden and Norway; also number

and tonnage of British vessels sold to foreigners, 1890-1899.

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167

170

170

173

175

178

178

187

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190