Niagara Falls. Carborundum cannot be made in any other way than by the electric furnace. There are the ferro-alloy furnaces which produce the ferro-alloys, a wonderful series of molyb-denum, chromium, vanadium and silicon alloys which are used in making the valuable alloy steels, of which you know the uses. That industry is growing rapidly and consumes large amounts of power. The calcium carbide industry alone uses nearly a million horsepower, but must be dismissed with mere mention.

We have also electrical heating furnaces not meant to melt metals but simply to heat them—a large variety of interesting furnaces. It will be but a short time before all the brass in this country will be melted by electric furnaces. It will not be long before most of the heat treatment of steel, that which is preliminary to hardening, tempering and annealing, will be done electrically.

You will notice that there are essentially two kinds of operations which I have spoken of: some are continuous and some are intermittent, and of the continuous processes, some are actually 100 per cent load factor. The discontinuous processes can be operated for a short time and then discontinued. There is a little steel furnace near my home that operates from twelve o'clock at night until four o'clock in the afternoon, and during peak hours it practically shuts off its current. Many of the continuous processes could, I am sure, operate on reduced current in “peak” hours, if it were made sufficiently attractive to them to do so by a special low-power rate.

I am forced to admit that the electro-chemist and the electrometallurgist have not studied their power problems as they should have done. They have not gotten together with the central station men on a broad basis of enlightened discussion. Perhaps there is blame on both sides. The electro-chemists have not, studied out their, questions thoroughly on the possibility of using intermittent power, like running a batch of steel, and still less thoroughly on some of the continuous operations where the power might be reduced for a few hours and brought up again. I think those are particularly the directions where electro-chemists have not fully realized the possibility of. using central station power.

In conclusion, I believe the best hope central power stations

have of raising their power factor and smoothing over the peaks and valleys of their load curve, lies in close cooperation with the electro-chemical and electro-metallurgical industries.

E. W. LLOYD, Chicago: It is peculiarly fortunate that we were able to listen to Prof. Richards this morning on a subject to which, to my mind, this Association has given altogether too little attention. The Electro-Chemical Society has assumed a very important position in relation to the electrical and electro-chemical industries of this country, and we have not associated ourselves with it to the extent we should have.

The tremendous amount of energy used by electro-metallurgical and electrolytic processes must have been a revelation to many people who listened to Prof. Richards. Some of us have given attention to the wonderful possibilities for the central station business in this field, and I am sure it will be very profitable for the members of this Association to pay more attention to this subject than they have up to this time. It may be that some of our members have felt that the concerns using these processes in their neighborhood are too small to make profitable the business of supplying power to them, but there are very many important factories of this class which are of sufficient importance to investigate and, if necessary, to spend considerable tirne and money to place on central station lines.

I cannot refrain from speaking quite earnestly about this subject, because it has been brought so closely to my attention, particularly in the last two years on account of what has transpired during the war. The manufacturers of these products need electric power, and the central station companies can bring about an arrangement with them which will yield a handsome revenue at profitable rates. I am convinced that there are a large number of products that can be manufactured by electricity at existing standard rates. There are certain electro-chemical products marketable at quite a high price per pound or ton, in the manufacture of which the cost of electricity is not, in my judgment, the most important factor. For instance, the melting of high-grade steels and alloys is accomplished by using so few kilowatt-hours per ton that the cost of electricity, as was brought out in the discussion in one of our Commercial Sessions yesterday. is not important.

Therefore, we should take the opportunity presented and brought to a focus by the war to get in closer touch with the American Electro-Chemical Society and bring about relations which will be profitable to both of us. As Prof. Richards has said, there have been misunderstandings, perhaps due to the lack of knowledge on the part of both the manufacturer of the electrochemical or electro-thermo processes and the central station man, and the latter has neglected many opportunities for presenting the matter from the central station point of view to these manufacturers, which I hope he will now begin to do.

I think Prof. Richards presented a matter of epochal importance to this Association, and I move a vote of thanks to the Professor for bringing the matter to the attention of our membership by giving us the valuable information which he has on these important subjects.

(The motion was duly put to vote and carried.)

THE PRESIDENT: We will now call for the Report of the Committee on Memorials, Mr. T. E. Bibbins, chairman.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON MEMORIALS

The Committee on Memorials brings to your attention, with extreme regret, the passing of Mr. Paul Lüpke, whose rare personality will be keenly missed in National Electric Light Association circles.

In recognition of Mr. Lüpke's distinguished service, the Executive Committee appointed from its membership a special subcommittee composed of Messrs. Walter Neumuller, chairman, J. E. Davidson and S. A. Sewall to draft a fitting memorial to his memory.

I will now read the excellent memorial prepared by this Committee, following which the report of the Committee on Memorials appointed by this Convention will be presented.

"The absence of a message from Paul Lüpke at this Convention will be keenly felt by those of us who have in previous years listened to and been helped by their optimism and inspiration. Providence has seen fit to call him to his higher reward, but although he has gone from among us, the message he has given us from time to time will live on.

"In an industry that is still young it is quite appropriate that the messages from Paul Lüpke should have been addressed especially to the young men of the business. Their all-embracing scope, however, and their very sound philosophy make them equally pertinent to the older men as well.

"Few of us will forget Mr. Lüpke's 'Anticipation,' and particularly that line in which he says, 'To youth the years are long, but they gather speed like a falling stone.'

"Your Committee feels that messages of such inspiration and help as these should not remain hidden away in the archives of the Association, but should be gathered into a volume which shall serve not only as a memorial to our late fellow-member, but as an aid to those who are still to enter this industry.

"Mr. Lüpke died on February 9, 1919, in his fifty-eighth year, after a career in the central station industry in this country covering a period of thirty-two years. While he is best known to the majority of us for his writings, his work as an electrical engineer

in the service of the Public Service Electric Company establishes him on an equal plane as a doer of practical things.

"Your Committee recommends, therefore, as an expression of the profound loss which the National Electric Light Association feels in the passing away of Paul Lüpke, that his writings be reprinted in book form to serve as a memorial, and that a copy suitably bound and engrossed be sent as a token of our respect and sympathy to his family."

J. E. DAVIDSON,

S. A. SEWALL,

WALTER NEUMULLER, Chairman.

The Committee on Memorials appointed by this Convention desires to do honor to the memory of several gentlemen who have departed this life since the last meeting of our Association. All of these individuals had risen to positions of prominence in their respective callings, many of them being associated with our member companies and kindred interests.

CHARLES ALLIS, first president of the reorganized AllisChalmers Manufacturing Company, Milwaukee, Wis., died of pneumonia on July 22, 1918, aged 65 years. At the time of his death he was president of the Chicago Belting Company, a trustee and member of the executive committee of the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company and was also identified with many large manufacturing concerns.

WILLIAM ALLIS, chairman of the Board of Directors of the Allis-Chalmers Company, Milwaukee, Wis., died on October 10, 1918, at the age of 69 years. Mr. Allis succeeded his father, the late E. P. Allis, as president of E. P. Allis Company and continued in that position until the consolidation, which resulted in the Allis-Chalmers Company, of which he became chairman of the Board.

HORACE E. ANDREWS, president of the Rochester Railway & Light Company, Rochester, N. Y., died of pneumonia at his home in New York City on December 1, 1918, at the age of 55 years. He was also president of the New York State Railways, the Mohawk Valley Railway and the Schenectady Railway. Mr.