FIRST DEPARTMENT, APRIL TERM, 1903. LAUGHLIN, J. (dissenting): [Vol. 82. I am of the opinion that this judgment should be affirmed. If the Legislature intended to limit the recovery in cases like this to the loss of salary, it would, I think, have merely given a right of action for the damages sustained, as that would have sufficed. The remedy offered by the statute, however, is broader. It not only gives a right of action for damages, but expressly provides that the damages are recoverable "as for an act wrongfully done." This language is significant and must be given effect. The Legislature foresaw that legal proceedings for reinstatement or appointment would be necessitated by the failure of the appointing power to recognize the rights of the veteran, and it was undoubtedly intended to afford a remedy for reimbursement for the expenses thus incurred as well as for the loss of salary. The cause of action given by this statute is, in this regard, analogous to a cause of action for malicious prosecution, or false arrest or imprisonment, where by the wrongful act expenses and counsel fees are necessarily incurred in legal proceedings to obtain one's liberty or protection in property rights. In such cases the wrongdoer is answerable, in a subsequent action, for damages including counsel fees. So I think he should be in the case at bar. In order to insure the proper administration of the veteran preference law without evasion for political or other reasons, the Legislature conferred upon veterans, in case their constitutional or statutory rights are not respected, this right of action as for a wrongful act and public policy requires that we should give the statute a liberal construction. Judgment and order reversed, new trial ordered, costs to appellant to abide event. App. Div.] FIRST DEPARTMENT, APRIL TERM, 1903. WALTER D. WILLIAMS, Appellant, v. MARY E. CLARKE, Respondent, Impleaded with Others. Guardian in socage — right of, to apply the infant's property to its use, and to set up the amount so expended as a counterclaim in an action for partition —failure to obtain permission from the court to so apply the money - - a counterclaim for the rental value of real property not sought to be partitioned. Where a man owning real property situated in the State of New York dies intestate, leaving surviving him a wife and two children, one of whom is a minor, the wife, if she is not possessed of sufficient means to support and educate the minor child, may, as the guardian in socage of such minor child, use so much of the infant's property as is necessary for that purpose, but, before doing so, she should obtain permission from the court. Where the minor, after attaining his majority, brings an action for the partition of the property and for an accounting by the widow of the rents and profits thereof, the failure of the widow to obtain permission from the court, before applying the rents and profits of the real estate to the support and education of the minor child, will not prevent her from interposing a counterclaim for the amount thus expended. Such a counterclaim is, however, demurrable unless it alleges that the money which was expended was derived from the real estate sought to be partitioned. In such an action the widow is not entitled to interpose, as a counterclaim, a claim for her proportionate share of the rental value of real property located in the State of New Jersey, which her husband owned at the time of his death and which the plaintiff has occupied without paying rent therefor, as such a counterclaim does not arise out of the transaction set forth in the complaint and is not connected with the subject-matter of the action in any way. APPEAL by the plaintiff, Walter D. Williams, from an interlocutory judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the defendant, Mary E. Clarke, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of New York on the 20th day of January, 1903, upon the decision of the court, rendered after a trial at the New York Special Term, overruling the plaintiff's demurrers to the counterclaims set up in the second and third separate defenses of the said defendant's answer. Robert L. Harrison, for the appellant. Alonzo G. McLaughlin, for the respondent. MCLAUGHLIN, J.: This action was brought for the partition of certain real estate situate in the city of New York, and for an accounting of the rents FIRST DEPARTMENT, APRIL TERM, 1903. [Vol. 82. and profits received therefrom by the respondent. The property in question was owned by the plaintiff's father who died intestate leaving surviving him two sons, the plaintiff and the defendant Harvey H. Williams, and the decedent's widow, the respondent. The answer of the respondent did not deny the material allegations of the complaint, but alleged as a second and separate defense, and by way of counterclaim, that she was formerly the wife of one John B. Williams, who died in 1891, and the mother of the plaintiff; that when said Williams died he was seized of the real estate described in the complaint and "much other real property;" that the plaintiff was then an infant about the age of twelve years, and resided and continued to reside with her until about the 1st of June, 1901; that when her husband died she did not then or at any time thereafter have sufficient means of her own to maintain, support and educate the plaintiff, and by reason thereof she had been compelled to and did depend upon and resort to his property for that purpose; that she had paid out and expended therefor in the aggregate $4,549.80. And as a third and separate defense and also by way of counterclaim, that when her husband died he was the owner of certain real estate in the State of New Jersey, which, at the time of the commencement of the action, was owned in common by her, the plaintiff and the defendant Harvey H. Williams; that since the 1st of June, 1901, the plaintiff had used and occupied, without paying any rent therefor, a dwelling house situate thereon, the reasonable value and use of which was fifteen dollars per month, and that he had not paid or accounted for such use. And she asked, by reason of such facts, that she be allowed for the moneys paid out and expended for the support, maintenance and education of the plaintiff and for her proportionate share of the rents of the property occupied by him, and have a judgment therefor which should be declared to be a lien upon the share or interest of the plaintiff in the real estate described in the complaint and on the moneys derived from the sale thereof. The plaintiff demurred to each of these defenses upon the ground that they were not of the character specified in section 501 of the Code of Civil Procedure. The demurrer was overruled and thereafter an interlocutory judgment was entered, from which the present appeal is taken. App. Div.] FIRST DEPARTMENT, APRIL TERM, 1903. We are of the opinion that the demurrer should have been sustained. As to the second defense and counterclaim demurred to, there is no allegation in it to the effect that the moneys claimed to have been advanced by the appellant for the education and maintenance of the plaintiff were derived from the rents of the real estate described in the complaint. If it be true that the appellant, at the time of the death of her husband, did not have means of her own sufficient to support and educate the plaintiff, then she, as his guardian in socage, had the right to use so much of his property as was necessary for that purpose. Before doing so, however, she should have applied to the court for permission to do so. It does not appear that she made such application, but that fact does not now necessarily prevent the court, inasmuch as the plaintiff has asked her to account for such rents, from making the proper allowance in this action, and thus doing justice between the parties. Before such allowance can be made, however, proof must be offered from which the court can find, as a fact, that the amounts which she paid out for the plaintiff, or some of them, were derived from the rents and profits of the real estate described in the complaint. There is no allegation in the complaint to that effect, and, therefore, such proof would be inadmissible. The allegations of this defense are that the husband of the appellant not only died seized of the real estate described in the complaint, but much other real estate, and for aught that appears all of the moneys which the appellant paid out for the plaintiff were derived from his personal property or the rents and profits of real estate other than that described in the complaint, and, if so, then it is not a proper counterclaim in this action under section 501 of the Code of Civil Procedure. To be the proper subject of counterclaim under this section of the Code, the defense, if established, must tend in some way to defeat the plaintiff's recovery, and to do that it must be a cause of action arising out of the transaction set out in the complaint or connected with the subject-matter of the action. Unless the moneys alleged to have been expended were derived from the rent of the real estate sought to be partitioned, then the same do not arise out of the transaction set forth in the complaint, and are not connected with the subject-matter of the action in any way, and, therefore, are not the proper subject of a counterclaim. The counterclaim attempted to be set up in the third separate FIRST DEPARTMENT, APRIL TERM, 1903. [Vol. 82. defense is not of the character specified in section 501 of the Code. Here, what the appellant seeks to recover is her proportionate share of the use of the real estate which the plaintiff has occupied in New Jersey. It is in no way connected with the subject-matter of the action, and is not the proper subject of counterclaim in this action. It does not tend, if established, to diminish or defeat the plaintiff's recovery. It is a cause of action, if it exists at all, which does not arise out of the transaction set forth in the complaint, nor is it connected with the subject-matter of the action in any way. (Lipman v. Jackson Architectural Iron Works, 128 N. Y. 58.) We are of the opinion, therefore, that the interlocutory judgment must be reversed, with costs, and the demurrer sustained, with costs, with leave to the defendant to amend her answer on payment of costs in this court and in the court below. VAN BRUNT, P. J., PATTERSON, HATCH and LAUGHLIN, JJ., concurred. Judgment reversed, with costs, and demurrer sustained, with costs, with leave to defendant to amend answer on payment of costs in this court and in the court below. WILLIAM J. SIMONS and LOUIS A. COXE, as Executors, etc., of ELEAZAR JACKSON, Deceased, Appellants, v. SANFORD H. STEELE, as Executor, etc., of JACOB COHEN, Deceased, Respondent. Reference of a disputed claim against an estate. no pleadings are required — every defense is available — competency in evidence of stub entries in check books. No pleadings are necessary where a disputed claim against an estate is referred under section 2718 of the Code of Civil Procedure, and any defense, including the Statute of Limitations, may be urged to defeat the claim. The referee, in disposing of the case, may consider every defense which the proof establishes, and is not confined to those defenses which were urged at the hearing. Stub entries in check books are not admissible in evidence to show cash transactions if they are to be treated as books of account. VAN BRUNT, P. J., dissented. APPEAL by the plaintiffs, William J. Simons and another, as executors, etc., of Eleazar Jackson, deceased, from a judgment of |