pus, and to declare martial law. His own division, filled up from the elite of Philadelphia, responded to his call with enthusiasm, and were followed so promptly by the flower of the Pennsylvanian youth that her quota of fourteen regiments was swollen to twenty-five, all accepted by him before the Administration had opportunity to reject the overplus. One of his first demonstrations was to hold in check the turbulent spirits of the Eastern Shore of Maryland, and cement Delaware more firmly to the Union, by sending the superb light battery of Sherman to manoeuvre near Easton, Maryland. Through the strenuous exertions of General Patterson, communication between Philadelphia and the capital was re-opened by means of a new route via Annapolis, after the insurgents had effectually cut it off. Access to Washington thus secured, General Patterson sent the old volunteer artillery regiment of Pennsylvania, commanded by his oldest son, Colonel Francis E. Patterson, to unite with Sherman's battery in re-opening the route through Baltimore. Having done this, and the Government declining to receive into service the men called from Pennsylvania, General Patterson took the field with the residue of the army he had gathered. Mustered out of the service of the United States at the expiration of his term, he returned home to find popular prejudice arrayed against him on account of his position during the campaign on the upper waters of the Potomac, anterior to the first battle of Manassas Unable to defend himself by revealing facts that might be prejudicial to the public service, General Patterson devoted himself to the extrication of his private affairs from the confusion into which they had fallen while he was engaged in military operations. At the end of four years, when all necessity for silence had passed away, he published his "Narrative of the Campaign in the Valley of the Shenandoah," which produced a marked effect on the public mind. In the management of his mercantile business he showed remarkable capacity. Besides being an extensive real-estate owner, he was a prominent manufacturer of cotton goods, and maintained over four thousand employés in his cotton-mills. He was also largely interested in sugar-refineries at New Orleans, as well as in seven cotton-plantations in Georgia and Tennessee. His estate was variously estimated at from $2,000,000 to $3,000,000. PEMBERTON, General JOHN C., born in Philadelphia, 1817; died at Penn Lyn, Pennsylvania, July 13, 1881. He graduated from West Point in 1837, and was promoted secondlieutenant of the Fourth Artillery, with which he served in the Florida War against the Seminole Indians. He was engaged in the action of Locha Hatchee in 1838. In 1840 he was ordered to the Northern frontier to aid in quelling the disturbances on the Canadian bor der at Detroit. A year later found him at Forts Mackinac and Brody, Michigan, at Buffalo, and in 1842 in garrison at Fortress Monroe, Virginia. On the 19th of March, 1842, he was made tirst-lieutenant in the Fourth Artillery, and at the breaking out of the Mexican War he was aide-de-camp to General Worth, participating in the battles of Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, and Monterey, as also in the siege of Vera Cruz. For his gallantry at Monterey, in 1846, he was brevetted captain, and at Molino del Rey, major. He was present at the storming of Chapultepec; and at the assault and capture of the city of Mexico he was wounded. In 1850 he became full captain, and at the termination of hostilities was transferred, first to Florida, and subsequently to New Orleans barracks. In 1856-'57 he was on frontier duty at Fort Leavenworth, engaged in quelling disturbances on the Kansas border. He took part in the Utah Expedition of 1857'58, and remained in the West until 1861, when he was in garrison at Washington Arsenal, D. C. He resigned from the United States service on the 26th of April, 1861, and, entering the Confederate service as a colonel of cavalry, was appointed assistant adjutant to General Joseph E. Johnston. In 1862 he was made a brigadier-general, and in the latter part of that year a lieutenant-general, and appointed to the command of the army operating in Mississippi. General Pemberton was defeated at Champion Hills in 1863, and subsequently besieged in Vicksburg with his army, then numbering about thirty-four thousand men. On the surrender of that post, July 4, 1863, General Grant met General Pemberton in person, and the terms of capitulation were arranged between them. The paroled prisoners numbered about twenty-seven thousand, two fifths of whom were sick or wounded. At the close of the war he was acting as inspector of artillery at Charleston, South Carolina. Subsequently he engaged in farming near Warrenton, Fauquier County, Virginia. In 1875 he went to Philadelphia, where he resided until his death. PENNSYLVANIA. The session of the Legislature began early in January, 1881, and ended early in June. This body consisted of 32 Republicans, 16 Democrats, and 2 Greenbackers in the Senate, and 121 Republicans, 78 Democrats, 1 Greenbacker, and 1 Fusionist (Democrat and Greenbacker) in the House. The first matter of importance was the election of a United States Senator to succeed William A. Wallace, who was renominated by the Democrats. A Republican caucus was held on the 13th of January, which was attended by ninety-five members, and, on the third ballot, nominated Henry W. Oliver, who received 79 votes, a majority of the entire Republican membership of the Legislature. Most of the Republicans who refused to attend the caucus decided to vote for Galusha A. Grow. The first ballot, which was taken on the 18th of January, showed 95 votes for Oliver, 56 for Grow, 93 for Wallace, and four scattering. The contest was prolonged through thirty-four ballots in the joint convention until the 23d of February, when, on the thirty-fifth ballot, a compromise having been effected between the two Republican factions, John I. Mitchell was elected by a vote of 150, to 92 for Wallace and two scattering. Among the laws enacted at this session were an act to punish frauds upon life-insurance companies by agents, physicians, and others; and also an act supplementary to the school law. It abolishes all distinction of race or color in the public schools. The following are its provisions: SECTION 1. That hereafter it shall be unlawful for any school director, superintendent, or teacher to make any distinction whatever on account of or by reason of the race or color of any pupil or scholar who may be in attendance upon or seeking admission to any public or common school maintained wholly or in part under the school laws of this Commonwealth. SEC. 2. That the twenty-fourth section of an act of Assembly approved the 8th day of May, A. D. 1854, entitled "An act for the regulation and continuance of a system of education by common schools," which section is as follows: "That the directors or controllers of the several districts of the State are hereby authorized and required to establish within their respective districts separate schools for the tuition of negro and mulatto children whenever such separate schools can be so located as to accommodate twenty or more pupils; and whenever such separate schools shall be established and kept open four months in any year, the directors or controllers shall not be compeiled to admit such pupils into any other school of the district: Provided, That in cities or boroughs the board of controllers shall provide for such schools out of the general funds assessed and collected by uniform taxation for educational purposes," be and the same is hereby repealed. The report of the State Treasurer for the fiscal year ending November 30th shows $7,001,782 receipts, $6,926,810 disbursements, and a balance in the Treasury on that date of $1,890,019. Of the disbursements $421,801 were for the redemption of State debt. Of the balance, $911,037 belongs to the general fund, and the remainder to the sinking fund, the February debt interest being payable out of this portion. The total debt of Pennsylvania on December 1st was $21,140,188. The Treasurer is of opinion that the State taxation can be reduced, and still leave sufficient revenue to meet all the necessary requirement of the State government in the future. For the current fiscal year he estimates that the revenues will be $6,015,000, and the necessary expenses of the Commonwealth $5,261,593. The amount of money paid in the State, in the year 1880, to companies of Pennsylvania and other States, for fire, marine, life, and accident insurance, was as follows: Premium receipts of Pennsylvania life com- Total premium receipts of life companies $1,558,188 67 8,490,618 04 $5,048,801 71 The aggregate is $496,412.82 greater than the total sum paid for insurance for the year 1879. Life companies show an increase of $71,097.78 of premiums in the State, divided thus: home companies, $59,044.18; companies of other States, $12,053.60. The Commissioner of Insurance describes the method by which "assessment life-insurance companies" are organized and chartered. He says: The general practice of companies organized under the act of 1876 to insure lives' upon the assessment plan is to issue policies agreeing to pay, not a fixed and certain sum of money, but a sum to be determined by the result of an assessment, after the manner of beneficial societies. There are good reasons for the opinion that this practice is without warrant of law, that these companies can issue none other than policies of insurance, and that a policy of insurance must provide absolutely and unconditionally for the payment of a certain sum at maturity. "It is not possible," says the commissioner, "to make an accurate classification of assessment companies. They assume many forms, from the purely beneficial order to those ambitious to be ranked among substantial life-individed into three classes: surance companies. They may, however, be "1. Beneficial societies and orders instituted mainly for charitable purposes. These distribute benefits in case of death, sickness, and disability, do not employ agents, and are conducted at comparatively little cost to the mem bers. to make money and speculate in the lives of others. Forty-two companies reported to this department their business for the year 1880. From these reports it appears that the companies named had a total income from applications, assessments, and miscellaneous sources, amounting to $1,353,988.74, which was all expended excepting the sum of $3,218.74. The sum of $906,867.67, or 67 per cent of the entire income, was used in the payment of death-claims or returned to members; the sum of $96,698.64, or 7 per cent of the income, was paid to officers; the sum of $242,889.93, or 18 per cent of the income, was paid to agents; and the sum of $104,313.76, or 74 per cent, was paid for general expenses. Thus it appears that in the aggregate more than 32 per cent of the money collected by these companies was absorbed by the expenses of management. About 40 per cent of the entire business of the companies was done by the United Brethren Mutual Aid Society of Lebanon, whose experience shows more favorable results than the aggregated experience of the other companies. Deducting the business of the United Brethren, the remaining companies received from applications, assessments, and other sources, $812,014.57, of which sum $430,596.24, or 53 per cent, was expended in death-claims or returned to members; $73,142.10, or 9 per cent, was paid to officers; $196,287.04, or 24 per cent, to agents; and 10 per cent to miscellaneous expenses: showing an expenditure of 43 per cent of the entire income in management. Twenty-three companies organized in 1880, or at the close of 1879, received $265,125 in premiums and assessments. Of this sum 70 per cent, or $186,796, went to officers, agents, expenses, and 25 per cent, or $66,886, to pay death-losses or return premiums, leaving a balance of less than 5 per cent, or $11,443, unexpended. Included in the above number are twelve companies that collected $48,673, spent $38,520, and did not pay a dollar for deathlosses. The Western Pennsylvania Hospital is composed of two departments, the medical and surgical in Pittsburg, and that for the insane at Dixmont, eight miles distant. The number of patients at Dixmont, September 30, 1879, was 609; during the year ending September 30, 1880, 238 were admitted, making the total number under treatment during that period 847. Of these, 249 were discharged or died, leaving in the institution at the end of the year 598 patients. On the 30th of September, 1879, there were 105 patients in the medical and surgical department; 795 have been since admitted, making the number 900 under treatment during the year. Of these, 784 were discharged or died, leaving in the hospital on September 30, 1880, 116 patients. The report of the trustees of the Hospital for the Insane at Danville, for the year end ing September 30, 1880, shows the following: The number of patients in the hospital at the beginning of the year was 253 males and 191 females; total, 444. The admissions during the year were 113 males and 59 females; total, 172, making the whole number under treatment, for the period covered by the report, 366 males and 250 females; total, 616. The discharges were 143 males and 89 females; total, 232. Of these, 17 males and 18 females were considered restored. 56 improved, 106 stationary, and 35 died. The number remaining at the end of the year was 384, of whom 223 were males and 161 females, or 60 less than at the beginning. This diminution is the result of the transfer to the Norristown Hospital, near the end of August, of all the Philadelphia patients (92) at that time in the hospital which were supported at public expense. The receipts of the hospital from all sources, including $10,000 from the State Treasury, were $89,273.86, and the expenditures $89,$39.43, making the average weekly cost per patient, $3.82. This includes everything-salaries, repairs, and insurance. There were, in 1880, 7,037 graded schools in the State, an increase of 232 during the year. It is a remarkable fact that while the increase in the number of pupils was only 1,570, the increase in the average attendance was 13,955. The whole number of pupils on the rolls was 937,310, and the average attendance 601,627, or 77 per cent. The average length of the school term remains about the same, seven months. The average cost of tuition for each pupil per month is only seventy-five cents, which shows a very economical administration of the school system. The expenditures of all kinds during the year, exclusive of orphan and normal schools, amounted to $7,482,577.75. The school property of the State was valued at $25,467,097. The total indebtedness of all the school districts in the State, cities included, was only $2,648,495.84, and there remained in the school board treasuries, at the end of the year, $1,425,213.16. The report of the Superintendent of Soldiers' Orphans' Schools, for the year ending May 31, 1881, shows that there were under the supervision of the department 2,602 children. Besides these, there were in scattered homes and receiving "out-door relief" twenty-eight others. The increase over the preceding year was twenty-two. The whole amount expended by the State for the support of these schools has been $7,252,695. The Legislature of 1878 provided that no more children should be admitted into these schools after the 1st of June, 1882, and that they should be finally closed on the 1st of June, 1885. According to the census of 1880, the total net debt of the State, both local and of the State proper, is $114,073,342. The following table shows it in detail, the word "local" being used to comprise county, township, city, borough, and school-district debts: The counties having the largest net debt are: Allegheny. Berks. Chester. Crawford.. Dauphin... $21,594.001 1,248,535 954,821 Delaware....... Erie..... Lancaster... 761,925 Lehigh 1,472,259 Schuylkill. $1.044,896 1,194,589 1,135,116 978,897 745,878 These figures represent the sum of the debts owed by all the corporate divisions of the counties with the county debt proper. The net county debt proper of Allegheny County is $4,839,254; of Berks, $180,000; Chester, $418,020; Crawford, 290,000; Dauphin, $283,278; Delaware, $473,200; Erie, $9,114; Lancaster, $368,972; Lehigh, $73,349; and Schuylkill, $254,900. The following counties have no debt as counties: Adams, Butler, Cambria, Fayette, Fulton, Green, Lycoming, Northampton, Snyder, Susquehanna, Union, Washington, Westmoreland, and Wyoming. The total township debt of the State is $389,051, of which $293,568 is floating. There are twenty-nine cities in the State, each having over 7,500 population. Their net debt and its per capita are shown in the following table: Erie. Lancaster. Wilkesbarre..... Morristown 25,759 Easton.. 23,339 Shenandoah. In the production of iron and steel in blastfurnaces, rolling-mills, steel-works, forges, and bloomeries, Pennsylvania takes the first rank. The capital invested in these industries in the United States in 1880 amounted to $230,971,884, of which Pennsylvania furnished 46 per cent. The total product was 7,265,140 tons, of which Pennsylvania produced 3,616,668, or nearly 50 per cent. The following counties are the principal centers of production of iron and steel: Allegheny, 848,146 tons; Lehigh, 324,875; Northampton, 322,882; Cambria, 260,140; Dauphin, 223,676; Berks, 213,580; Mercer, 182,881; Montgomery, 168,628; Lackawanna, 151,273. Of 3,781,021 tons of pig-iron and direct castings produced in 1880, in twenty-two States, Pennsylvania made 1,930,314 tons, or 51 per cent. Of 2,353,248 tons of rolled iron of all kinds produced in twenty-nine States and Territories in 1880, Pennsylvania made 46 per cent. The total production of rails for 1880 was 1,217,497 tons. Of the total production of rails, Pennsylvania made 47 per cent. Of steel ingots, the total production in 1880 was 985,208 tons. Of this, Pennsylvania made 56 per cent. Of the production of Bessemer steel rails, Pennsylvania made 55 per cent. The total product of iron-ore in the United States in 1880 was 8,022,398 tons, of which Pennsylvania produced more than any other State, viz., 2,173,415 tons, or 27.09 per cent. The principal ore-producing counties are: Lehigh, 321,322 tons; Lebanon, 285, 629; Berks, 252,940; Blair, 154,914; Northampton, 104,788. The State produced, in 1880, 28,640,819 tons of anthracite, being the entire product of the country except 6,176 tons. It also produces more bituminous coal than any other State, viz., 18,425,163 tons in 1880, out of a total of 42,420,581 tons for the United States. Of barley, it produced 438,100 bushels; buckwheat, 3,593,326; corn, 45,821,531; oats, 33,841,439; rye, 3,683,621; wheat, 19,462,405. The Republican State Convention met at Harrisburg on the 8th of September, and nominated General Silas M. Baily, of Fayette County, for State Treasurer. The platform adopted contained the following among other resolutions: Resolved, That the Republican party of Pennsylvania is in most hearty accord with the Administration of President Garfield, and, while uniting in the prayers of all good people for his speedy recovery, pledges continued fealty and most active support in prompt and courageous correction of all governmental abuses. As Republicans, we are in favor of any proper, well-considered reform, either in government, suggestions to any or all of these ends, and only ask nation, State, municipality or county, and we court that in their advocacy well-established safeguards shall not be hastily supplemented by experiments. The Administration of President Garfield has set the right example in this direction, and, while firmly adhering to the principles and better practices of the great party which called it into existence, it yet insists upon faithfulness and honesty in every branch of the public service. The bullet of the assassin should not interrupt this work. It should be pursued while its author lives, and beyond his life, if through increasing misfortune it should be taken away. Resolved, That the Republican party has ever been progressive and reformatory, and while realizing that nothing in government is wholly right, we desire to be always brave to seek every avenue of approach to the right, to the end that all our people may enjoy ever the increasing blessings of good government. Resolved, That in any revision of our tariff legislation which may be made, care shall be taken to discriminate in favor of our own industries, and thereby promote the causes which are rapidly making America the controlling power in the finances as it already is the established leader in political thought. The Democratic State Convention convened at Williamsport on the 28th of September, and nominated Orange Noble, of Erie. The platform adopted contained the following among other resolutions: Resolved, That we, the Democratic party of Pennsylvania, in convention assembled declare: 1. For the preservation of the Constitution of the United States, home rule, freedom of elections, for resistance to revolutionary changes tending to consolidation or empire; against the election of any person to the presidency a third time, and against the presence of troops at the polls; against the appropriation of public money for any purpose but the support of Government, and against class legislation which despoils labor to build up monopoly. 2. That the Democratic party, as of old, favors a constitutional currency of gold and silver in all forms, and coalition with repudiators merits the condemnation of honest people. The refusal of a Republican Administration to accede to the Democratic demand for a further reduction in the rate of interest on the national debt subjects the Government to a needless expense of millions of dollars annually. 7. That no monopoly or exclusive right in the forces of nature, in grants of eminent domain, in the diffusion of information among the people by telegraph and associations for furnishing dispatches to the press, or the grant of privileges affecting the daily business of the citizen, can or ought rightfully to exist under our form of government. These are at all times to be subject to such legislative regulation and control as the rights and interests of the people demand. That the delegated power of Congress to regulate commerce among the States and the reserved power of the States to regulate the same within their borders should be forthwith exercised to prevent unjust discrimination by common carriers against individuals and localities, and all the provisions of the Constitution of Pennsylvania relative to the exercise and abuse of the corporate franchise and the duties of common carriers to the public should be enforced without de lay by appropriate legislation. That all governmental power should be used in restraint of monopolies and not in aid of them, and simple and speedy remedies should be provided by legislative enactment by which any citizen injured in his business may, in State and Federal courts, by due process of law, have quick, certain, and adequate redress for corporate wrongs; that vested rights must be protected and respected, and great corporations warring between themselves to the injury of the public interests and their own shareholders must be regulated and controlled by wise and effective laws; that franchises, the property of the people, shall be granted and exercised solely for the public benefit, and subject to immediate and absolute forfeiture by due process of law when used for oppression or extortion, or when otherwise abused. No corporation should be above the people or the law. We thus reaffirm the ancient doctrines of the Democratic party and most cordially invite our fellowcitizens, of whatever party, to join with us in carrying out the principles and policy we hereby announce, and to the advocacy of which we pledge ourselves until the right shall prevail. The Greenback State Convention was held at Pottsville on the 15th of June. R. W. Jackson, of Mercer County, was nominated. The platform which was adopted by this convention denounces the aggregation of real estate by corporations, when not in actual use; the agents of money, commerce, and transportation; and claims that the transmission of intelligence should be made subservient to the Constitution, and that the voters should demand the necessary statutes to keep these agents under the control of the people; denounces monopolies; censures the Legislature for its failure to pass the anti-freight discrimination bill; demands protection to American labor and produce; denounces national banks for their attempt to coerce Congress by withdrawal of their circulation; indignantly denies the charge of the subsidized press that the Greenback-Labor party favors an unlimited issue of currency, and declares that only such volume of currency as business requires shall be issued; denounces the national-bank system as legalized robbery; and indorses Weaver aud Chambers. After the Republican State Convention, Charles S. Wolfe announced himself as an independent candidate for State Treasurer, and appealed for support to those Republicans who The election resulted in the choice of General were dissatisfied with the party management. Baily by a plurality of 6,824. The vote was as follows: Baily, 265,295; Noble, 258,471; Wolfe, 49,984; Jackson, 14,976; Wilson (Prohibition), 4,507; scattering, 168. After the election the supporters of Mr. Wolfe, organized as the Citizens' Republican Association, announced their determination to continue their efforts, and issued an address which sets forth their objects thus: "It is the purpose of the Citizens' Republican Association of Pennsylvania to labor for the maintenance of the following principles, and the attainment of the following objects: The purification and preservation of the Republican party; the overthrow of bossism; the right of a fairly chosen and unfettered majority to nominate; the reform of the civil service; the elevation of the intellectual and moral standard of our officials-national, State, and municipal; and a ceaseless warfare against the spoils systemthat fruitful parent of the numberless political evils which menace the perpetuation of our republican form of government, and which led to the cowardly assassination of the Chief Magistrate of our nation." Following is the population of Pennsylvania by counties, as finally returned by the census of 1880, and as reported in 1870: |