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and one of the most distinguished and popular of Irish Roman Catholic prelates, died November 7th, at the age of ninety, having been born March 6, 1791. He was the son of a small tenant farmer at Tobernaveen, in the county of Mayo. His earliest instruction was received clandestinely under hedge-rows from the Catholic village schoolmaster, who was persecuted in those days, although the laws making it a felony for him to teach had been repealed. He was sent to school at Castlebar at the age of twelve or thirteen, where he learned the rudiments of the classics. Entered in 1807 at St. Patrick's College, Maynooth, as an ecclesiastical student, he made brilliant progress in scholarship. Before reaching the canonical age he was ordained a priest, and assisted the Professor of Dogmatic Theology, whom, six years later, he succeeded. When his authorship of the powerful letters in defense of the Roman Catholic Church and its system, published in the newspapers over the signature of "Hierophilos," became known, he was marked out for a more prominent position in the priesthood in that time of agitation and controversy, when the Church felt the need of bringing its strongest men to the front. Accordingly, in 1825, he was consecrated a bishop as coadjutor to the Bishop of Killala. His learned work on "The Evidences and Doctrines of the Church" had already extended his reputation abroad. employed in aid of O'Connell's labors in the His pen was vigorously Catholic Association. In 1834 he was promoted to the highest order of the clergy as Archbishop of Tuam. In the political controversy which waxed hotter, and the agitation with which Ireland was heaving, and Great Britain worked into a fever in the next decade, the "Lion of the Fold of Judah," as the archbishop was called by his friend O'Connell, was the next prominent figure to the "Liberator," and after the death of the latter he was the leader of the Irish movement. His caustic and impassioned polemical letters in the newspapers, bearing the familiar signature, "John, Archbishop of Tuam," treated of all the burning questions of the time-national education, the tithes, the poor laws, the charitable bequest act, the great famine, the tenant right, and the repeal agitations; and when O'Connell held his meetings of the peasantry near Connemara, the archbishop was always at his side.

In the meetings of the Vatican Council in 1869 and 1870 Archbishop McHale spoke more than once, and was the first to announce its decrees in Ireland. He was most conscientious in the discharge of clerical duties, and labored in the humblest pastoral functions as actively as the youngest priest almost to the close of his long life.

MANNSFELD, Count HIERONYMUs, Minister of Agriculture of Austro-Hungary in the Auersperg Cabinet; died of scarlatina, at Blankenberghe, July 29th. He was one of the leaders of the Constitutional party in Austria. He was

born July 20, 1842, the eldest son of Prince
Joseph Colloredo-Mannsfeld, and after serving
some years in the army, entered upon his po-
to the ministry in 1875.
litical career as deputy in 1872, and was called

Museum at Cairo, and director of Egyptian ex-
MARIETTE BEY, the organizer of the Boolak
cavations; died January 18th. The deceased
French Egyptologist, without possessing the
highest degree of learning in his department,
had a talent for discovery, and furnished more
materials for Egyptian archæology than the re-
searches of all other persons in recent times.

pist; died in June, at the age of eighty-six. He MASON, Sir JOSIAH, an English philanthro1795, at Kidderminster, and commenced life as was born of humble parentage, February 23, ing his hand at various trades, he found ema street hawker of cakes and fruit. After tryployment in making metallic toys at Birmingham, and soon started as a manufacturer of split steel rings, and afterward of steel pens, of which he was one of the inventors. He became the largest manufacturer of pens in the world, besides carrying on other industrial establishments. He received no education, but taught himself to write when a shoemaker's apprentice. in this regard prompted him to the generous The sense of his own misfortune endowment of the orphanage at Erdington, where he resided, where five hundred children magnificent and important benefaction of the are supported and instructed; and the more Mason Science College, where only science and useful knowledge will be taught.

liament and a leader in the disestablishment MIALL, EDWARD, member of the British Parmovement; died April 30th, at the age of seventy-two. He was in early life a Congregationalist minister; he founded "The Non-conformhim a party of political Dissenters. From 1852, ist" newspaper in 1841, and gathered around when he was elected for Rochdale, to 1874, when he retired from public life, he was the champion of the Dissenters in Parliament, and of their political grievances. a prominent agitator outside for the removal

tect; died December 23d. He was born in STREET, GEORGE EDMUND, an English archi1824, at Woodford, and studied architecture under Sir Gilbert Scott. His master's work in reviving Gothic architecture was carried signs accord better with the spirit of the mediforward by Street, whose restorations and deGothic revival. His principal works are the æval models than the earlier products of the Royal Courts of Justice in London. Many nave of Bristol Cathedral and the unfinished churches were built after his designs. He wrote extensively on the subject of Gothic Brick and Marble Architecture of North Italy architecture, his principal works being "The in the Middle Ages" (1855), and "Some Account of Gothic Architecture in Spain" (1865).

FRANZ VON, of the Austrian army, took his
UCHATIUS, Lieutenant Field-Marshal Baron

own life, at the age of seventy, in a fit of melancholy occasioned by a sense of slighted merits and wounded dignity. General Uchatius won his advancement from the ranks to one of the highest positions in the army through his inventive genius. He served as a cannoneer from his nineteenth to his thirty-third year, when he was rewarded with a commission. In 1866 he was appointed superintendent of the gun-foundry, with the rank of major; a year later he was made a colonel, in 1874 major-general, and in 1879 lieutenant field-marshal. He was commandant of the artillery arsenal since 1871. While a lieutenant he invented a new fuse, and paved the way for his improvements in the manufacture of cannon. He used balloons for casting bombs at the siege of Venice in 1849. For the testing of metals in the arsenal, he constructed new apparatus. In 1856 he devised a new method for the production of steel, and from that time devoted his attention to increasing the strength of guns. He first constructed cannon with concentric metal bands. In 1874 he perfected the invention of steel-bronze, which in popular speech bears his name and which has rendered it illustrious. The whole of the Austrian field artillery was cast anew from Uchatius bronze.

UHRICH, General, the defender of Strasburg, who received at first extravagant praise, and then unqualified blame, retiring into private life after the severe judgment passed upon him by an investigating commission in 1873, died at Paris, October 24th, aged seventy-nine years.

VERBOECKHOVEN, EUGÈNE, a Belgian painter, born June 8, 1799; died January 20, 1881. His father, who was an excellent sculptor, wished him to follow his profession, but he devoted himself almost entirely to painting. He exhibited his first work, an Amazon, in the Salon of Brussels in 1821, and soon became one of the most popular painters of animals. He took an active part in the War of Independence of 1830, immediately after the close of which he painted a picture representing the Belgian lion bursting his chains, which was lithographed and had a large sale. One of his best paintings, a flock of sheep surprised by a storm, is in the Modern Royal Museum in Brussels. His pictures were eagerly sought for and commanded good prices, particularly in England, Russia, and America. He also occasionally devoted himself to sculpture, exhibiting at an historical exhibition at Brussels, in 1880, a colossal lion.

VIEUXTEMPS, HENRY, a Belgian violinist, born at Verviers, February 17, 1820; died at Algiers, June 6, 1881. At the age of six years he played on the violin in public with so much success, that the King of Holland granted a pension for the completion of his musical education, and he at once entered on a complete course of study under M. de Bériot, the most brilliant soloist of that period. In 1833 he made his first trip to Germany, and while in Vienna

studied the theory of music with Sechter. After a short trip to England, he went to Paris, where he received lessons in composition from Reicha. From this time on he was constantly traveling, except for six years when he was first violin soloist to the Emperor of Russia. He made several visits to America. He was also a composer of great merit, and his works, no less than his playing, were remarkable for combining the vigor of the modern school of music with the purity of the classics.

WEBER, KARL PHILIPP MAX MARIA VON, a German railroad manager, was born April 25, 1824; died April 19, 1881. He was a son of the great composer Karl Maria von Weber, and was educated at the Polytechnic School at Dresden, and, after having traveled through the different countries of Europe and parts of Northern Africa, he entered the service of Saxony in 1850, which he exchanged for the Austrian service, and subsequently entered the Prussian Ministry of Commerce in 1878. He was the author of a large number of works on railroads, among which are " Technik des Eisenbahnbetriebs" (1854); "Schule des Eisenbahnwesens" (third edition, 1873), which was translated into nearly all the languages of Europe; "Telegraphen- und Signalwesen der Eisenbahnen" (1867); and "Nationalität und Eisenbahnpolitik" (1876). He also wrote a biography of his father, which was highly prized.

OHIO. On the 15th of November, 1880, the public debt of the State was $6,476,805.30, of which all but $1,665 was foreign debt, payable in New York. Of this amount $2,500 was a loan payable July 1, 1868, and not bearing interest, and $4,072,640.30 loan payable after June 30, 1881, bearing 6 per cent interest. During the first half of the year redemptions were made, by cash payments and the cancellation of State certificates, as follows: Loan payable July 1, 1868, not bearing interest Loan payable after June 30, 1851, bearing 6 per cent interest..

Total payments....

Total outstanding July 1, 1881..

$2,500 00 1,272,640 80 $1,275,140 80 $5,201,665 00

The sixty-fourth General Assembly authorized the Fund Commissioners to place a loan of $2,800,000, bearing date July 1, 1882, with interest at 4 per cent, payable semi-annually, and maturing in installments as per statement below. The loan was placed at a premium of $105,000, thus securing it at a rate of interest of about 3 per cent. The fact that this loan was secured at a rate of interest less than has yet been paid by any State, or by the United States, attests the high financial standing of the State. The loan was applied to the payment of a like amount of State certificates which, with $1,275,140.30 from the sinking fund, paid and canceled $4,075,140.30 of funded debt due July 1st.

On the 15th day of November, 1881, the public funded debt of the State was $5,201,665. This sum consists of the following loans:

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Loan payable after July 1, 1855, bearing 4 per cent interest.

850,000 00

Loan payable after July 1, 1886, bearing 4 per cent interest

875,000 00

Loan payable after July 1, 1887, bearing 4 per

cent interest..

500,000 00

Loan payable after July 1, 1885, bearing 4 per

cent interest..

600,000 00

Canal loan, not bearing interest..

Total funded debt...

1,665 00 $5,201,665 00

The local indebtedness at the same time was as follows:

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$8.222,683 78

The balances in the Treasury at the close of the fiscal year were as follow:

General revenue..

Sinking fund...

Common-school fund.

Total......

$254,513 33

208,265 95

38,642 19

$501,421 11

The State Auditor's report shows the taxable property of the State to be $1,587,207,579, an increase over the duplicate of 1880 of $28,999,674. Real estate for 1881 is appraised at $592,548 less than it was in 1880. This is by reason of the fact that the grand aggregate of real estate, as fixed by the State Board of Equalization, causes the realty of 1881 to fall below the valuation of 1880. The report shows that the gross increase of personal property for taxation is $29,584,222. The statements contained in the report, in reference to national and State banks, are important. The report shows that the capital stock, undivided profits and surplus fund, and real estate of the national banks are appraised for taxation at 177,772.01. The amount of capital stock, sur$21,777,313.20, an increase over 1880 of $1,plus and undivided profits, and real estate, as 1,915,762 53 reported to the Auditor of State at a valuation of $34,137,499.76, show the taxable valuation to be 63 per cent of the true valuation.

37,909,348 80
1,055,817 96
457,407 60
1,468,542 61

$44,114,100 75

There was a total increase of local indebted ness over the previous year of $2,816,355.07,

described as follows:

Increase in counties...

Increase in cities.

Increase in villages.

Increase in townships..
Increase in school districts.

Total increase..

$369,326 79

91,224 40 157,106 46 282,934 84

$2,816,355 07

In the first session of the Legislature, which began its sittings in 1880, a large number of acts were passed authorizing the building of railroads by counties, townships, cities, and villages. Only a few of these acts had been carried into effect, but a considerable number of the local authorities were preparing to issue bonds in 1881 for the purposes named in the acts, when further proceedings were stayed by a decision of the Supreme Court of Ohio on a test case, declaring the act unconstitutional, and the bonds issued under it valueless wherever found. But for that decision the local indebtedness would have been much greater. As it is, the aggregate has increased every year, in spite of the warnings in every Governor's message for a series of years.

The amount of cash in the State Treasury on November 15, 1880, the beginning of the fiscal year, was $1,235,891.50, which was to the credit of the following funds:

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Incorporated State banks make a return for taxation of $1,136,233.09, an increase over the valuation of 1880 of $15,795.86. The return to the Auditor of State of the same banks shows the amount of capital stock, surplus and undivided profits, and real estate, to be valued at $2,035,052.26. Tax valuation, 58 per cent of true valuation.

An examination of tables in the report pertaining to the valuation of national banks for taxation, shows very great inequality in the assessment of this class of banks for taxes. The Auditor of State earnestly recommends that the statute be so amended as to restore the State Board of Equalization for bank shares.

The railway property of the State for 1881 was fixed by the State Board of Equalization at $83,764,315.74, being $167,280 more than the valuation of the same as returned to the

board by the Boards of County Auditors.

The valuation of the railway property for 1881 was $77,848,180.83; an increase over 1880 of $5,916,134.91.

The report of the Commissioner of Railroads and Telegraphs indicates an increasing prosperity in these branches of industry. There were (June 30, 1881) 5,840,388 miles of railroads; an increase over the preceding year of 3.448 per cent.

The amount of stock and debt was $380,709,530.35, an increase of 3.9 per cent; the gross earnings were $45,843,866.34, an increase of 9.553 per cent; the operating expenses were $29,378,562.82, leaving the net amount of earnings $16.465,303.52, an increase of 4-483 per cent, amounting to 4:324 per cent on the stock and debt.

Of the gross receipts, the passenger earnings

amounted to $10,320,517.98, an increase of 10-822 per cent; the freight earnings to $33,415,533.28, an increase of 9.753 per cent; the mail earnings were $1,047,698.55, an increase of 13.986 per cent; and the express earnings were $832,994.67, an increase of 26-995 per cent. From "other sources" the receipts were $862,704.22, an increase of 9·137 per

cent.

It will be seen that while the increased mileage is not quite 3.5 per cent, there was an increase in the various classes of receipts from 9 to 26 per cent, averaging nearly 11 per cent. There was expended in the maintenance of way and structures the sum of $14,059,005.10, an increase over the previous year of 20-329 per cent. This may be in part attributable to the increased cost of material and labor, but largely to the fact that railroad managers have been actively engaged during the year in bringing their roads up to the proper condition to bear the increased demands of traffic.

The cost of transportation was $23,768,604.45, an increase of 16.618 per cent. This cost has increased in greater ratio than the gross receipts. The employés, including officers, number 32,207, an increase of 9.529 per cent.

An inspection of the railroads was made during the summer and autumn by three competent civil engineers. They report great activity upon most of the roads, in the work of bridge-building, replacing wooden with iron bridges, and trestles with embankments, reducing the grades, increasing substantial ballasting, and a general tendency toward lasting improvements. They represent that there is generally a most excellent and safe condition of railway. When faults have been found by the inspectors, immediate assuring promises of prompt repair have been made by the managers or superintendents.

According to the returns made to the State Bureau of Statistics of Labor, the year 1881 was a very successful period for both manufacturers and working-men. Of the 463 returns by working-men, 177 report an increase without resorting to strikes, while 25 report an increase secured by means of strikes.

The Board of Public Works report their gross receipts for the fiscal year to be $259,106.37; expenditures, $213,705.97; net gain, $45,400.40.

The report of the Adjutant-General shows the present force of the Ohio National Guard to consist of ninety-three companies of infantry, two troops of cavalry, and nine batteries of light artillery, and a total number of men, including officers, of 7,308, being a reduction of 698 during the year.

The total number of insane persons in the State is estimated at about 6,000. Of this number about 1,400 may be classed as chronic insane, and about 600 as epileptics. Of the total number, 3,533 are cared for in the 'asylums, leaving about 2,500, including epileptics, not cared for by the State.

On the morning of the 18th of November the main building of the State Institution for Feeble-minded Youth, at Columbus, was burned down, involving a loss of probably $250,000. Nothing was saved from the burned portion of the building, but the children were all removed without injury.

There are six asylums for the insane. The number of patients in each, November 15, 1881, with the per capita cost per annum on daily average of patients actually in the asylums, were as follow: Athens, 616, $170.37; Cleveland, 622, $180.92; Columbus, 930, $185.00; Dayton, 596, $174.13 (exclusive of salaries); Longview, 651, $122.94; Toledo, 118, $185.55. At the same date the numbers in the other benevolent institutions of the State, with the actual cost per capita of the inmates, were as follow: Asylum for the Blind, 180, $206.85; Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 432, $175.84; Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home, 603, $153.24. In the five reformatory institutions in the State there was, November 15, 1881, a total of 1,332 boys and girls. At the same time there were in the Penitentiary 1,152 prisoners. The cost per inmate for the year was $150.10. The institution was more than self-supporting, the current expenses, including salaries, having been $187,625.76, and the earnings $190,614.

23.

The crop statements of the State Board of Agriculture place the number of acres sown to wheat in 1881 at 2,856,609, with a total crop harvested of 38,010,057 bushels, being an average of 13.3 bushels per acre. The crop in 1880 was 52,500,000 bushels. The report of oats, partly estimated, was 22,500,000 bushels against 21,000,000 in 1880; of corn, 74,000,000 bushels, against 105,000,000 in 1880.

The number of animals returned to the Auditor of State's office shows a falling off from the previous year in all classes but sheep, in which there is an increase. The figures for the two years are as follow:

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The Legislature opened the adjourned session January 4th, and concluded its labors April 20th. Proceedings were temporarily suspended in the early part of March, in accordance with a resolution to attend the inauguration of President Garfield at Washington. A large part of the session was spent in fruitless endeavors to pass measures affecting the trade in liquor. A constitutional amendment, local-option bills, and a bill taxing the sale of liquor, were hotly debated through the greater part of the session, but none of them were finally adopted. A bill for the more rigid observance of Sunday was also under discussion from the beginning of the session

until near the close, when it passed in a greatly Inodified form, its principal effect being to restrict dramatic and musical entertainments on Sunday when connected with the sale of liquor. A bill was passed making it unlawful to keep or knowingly permit to be kept "any room or building, or any portion of any room or building, or to occupy any place on public or private grounds anywhere within the State of Ohio with apparatus, books, or other device for the purpose of recording or registering bets or wagers, or to sell pools upon the result of any trial or contest of skill, speed, or power of endurance of man or beast." Later in the session an attempt to exempt trotting associations from the operation of the law was defeated. The most important work of the session, aside from these measures, was the adoption of the scheme for the disposition of the public debt, before described.

At the opening of the session, Governor Foster transmitted to the Legislature the following communication:

MENTOR, Оno, December 23, 1880. To the Governor and General Assembly of the State of Ohio.

Having been appointed by the General Assembly on the 13th and 14th days of January, A. D. 1880, a Senator in the Congress of the United States from

the State of Ohio for the term of six years, to begin

on the 4th day of March, 1881, I have the honor to inform you that I respectfully decline and renounce said appointment, with a high appreciation of the honor conferred upon me by the General Assembly,

and of the confidence which its choice inferred.
I am very truly your obedient servant,
(Signed)

J. A. GARFIELD.

On the 18th of January the Legislature

elected John Sherman United States Senator for the full term of six years to which General Garfield had been elected the previous year, and which he had declined on his election to the presidency. The Democrats voted for Allen G. Thurman. The vote stood in the Senate-Sherman, 20; Thurman, 12; in the House-Sherinan, 65; Thurman, 40.

On Friday, the 23d of September, at twentyfive minutes past 5 P. M., a train, bearing the remains of the late President Garfield, left Washington for Cleveland. It consisted of an engine and six cars. The first was a regular passenger car, which was unoccupied. The second contained Mrs. Garfield, her family and intimate friends. The third was set apart for the cabinet and their families. Next came the fourth car with the remains, guarded by a detachment of the First artillery. This was followed by a car containing the army and navy escort, and last was the baggage car. As there was not enough room in this train for the Congressional Joint Committee of sixteen, they were obliged to accept the second train. The remains reached Cleveland on Saturday morning, for burial in Lake View Cemetery, Cleveland. Great preparations had been made for the lying in state at Cleveland, a special building having been erected in the center of Monu

ment Park, and arches spanning the streets in the neighborhood and along which the funeral procession was to pass. Several companies of State troops were called out as guards. The remains lay in state from Saturday to Monday morning, and a steady stream of persons poured through the building during the whole time. The State officials were present, the funeral being under the general direction of the Governor, who gave special charge of the proceedings to the municipal authorities of Cleveland. The whole State went into mourning.

The Republican State Convention was held at Cleveland, June 8th, and the following ticket put in the field: For Governor, Charles Foster, of Seneca; for Lieutenant-Governor, Rees G. Richards, of Jefferson; for Judge of the Supreme Court, Nicholas Longworth, of Hamilton; for Attorney-General, George K. Nash, of Franklin; for Treasurer of State, Joseph Turney, of Cuyahoga; for member of Board of Public Works, George Paul, of Summit. All but the nominees for LieutenantGovernor and Judge of the Supreme Court were already occupants of the positions to which they were named, and the nomination of each was by acclamation. The platform adopted was as follows:

Resolved, That the Republicans of Ohio in convention assembled hereby reaffirm and readopt the principles and policy of the party as shown in its history.

Resolved, That the Republicans of Ohio heartily approve and indorse the Administration of James A. Garfield, President of the United States, and we hereby pledge to him our cordial support in the discharge of all the duties devolving upon him as the

Chief Magistrate of the nation.

Resolved, That we hereby indorse the wise policy of the Republican party in giving full protection to American labor and in discriminating in favor of home industries.

of Governor Charles Foster and the State adminisResolved, That we fully indorse the administration tration of the Republican party during the last two years, under which the expenditures were reduced over $500,000 below the expenditures of the Demoreduced the public debt of the State nearly $1,250,000, cratic administration of the two preceding years, and and refunded the remainder of the debt redeemable the 30th day of June, 1881, by the issue of State bonds bearing 4 per cent interest, which were sold at such a premium as to reduce the rate per centum 34 per cent per annum.

Resolved, That public interests require that the General Assembly should submit to a vote of the people such amendments to the Constitution of the State relative to the manufacture and sale and use of intoxicating liquors as shall leave the whole matter to the Legislature.

The Greenback State Convention was held at Columbus, June 15th. The following ticket was nominated: For Governor, John Seitz, of Lucas County; for Lieutenant-Governor, Charles Jenkins, of Mahoning County; for Judge of the Supreme Court, Joseph Watson, of Knox County; for Attorney-General, G. M. Tuttle, of Lake County; for Treasurer of State, W. F. Gloyd, of Montgomery County; for member of Board of Public Works, H. L.

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