can be settled. He makes an earnest appeal to the land leagues. Mrs. H. Jackson, in a volume entitled A Century of Dishonor" (New York, Harper & Brothers), presents a terrible indictment against the United States Government's dealings with some of the Indian tribes. She makes out her case only too well, and causes one's ears to tingle with shame at the unprincipled conduct of our Government in past years toward the aborigines. C. Barnard's " Co-operation as a Business" (New York, Putnam's Sons) discusses, in an able manner, this important element in economic science at the present day. Mrs. D. M. Craik gives "A Woman's Thoughts about Women " (New York, G. Munro), with admirable freshness and point. Herbert Spencer's "Descriptive Sociology, or Groups of Sociological Facts, classified and arranged" (New York, D. Appleton & Co.), is steadily advancing toward completion. No. 7, Division II, Part II, B, treats of the Hebrews and Phoenicians. P. C. Centz's "The Republic of Republics, or American Federal Liberty" (Boston, Little, Brown & Co.), appears in a fourth edition, and is a very able work. Mrs. A. G. Paddock's "The Fate of Madame La Tour, a Tale of Great Salt Lake" (New York, Fords, Howard & Hurlbert), though cast in the form of a novel, yet displays with great force and success what a foul blot and burning disgrace Mormonism and its abominations are in this nineteenth century. W. Hickey's "Constitution of the United States" (Baltimore, J. Murphy & Co.) is a valuable manual of political information, as revised by A. Cummins and brought down to date. F. Martin furnishes "The Statesman's Year-Book" (New York, Macmillan & Co.), containing statistical and historical records of the states of the civilized world for 1881. The same publishers bring out Sir J. B. Phear's "International Trade, and the Relation between Exports and Imports." It is concise, but able and interesting. Thomas Pitt Taswell-Langmead's "English Constitutional History, from the Teutonic Conquest to the Present Time" (Boston, Houghton, Mifflin & Co.), is worthy of mention in this connection. It appears in a second edition, with additions and improvements. From English sources also, we get Luigi Cossa's "Guide to the Study of Political Economy (New York, Macmillan & Co.); it is translated from the second Italian edition, and is a clear and well-arranged work. In Poetry, the Drama, etc., there is little of special moment in the productions of 1881. Hardly anything original or new appears; while compilations and collections of poetry, and new editions of standard poets, American and English, are numerous and excellent. Mrs. D. M. Craik's "Thirty Years" contains "poems new and old," and is a charming volume; H. W. Longfellow appears in the "Seven Voices of Sympathy," selected from his works by Charlotte F. Bates; O. W. Holmes's "Poetical Works" are issued in a new handy-volume

edition; J. G. Whittier presents us with "The King's Missive, and other Poems"; Bayard Taylor's "Home Ballads" keep alive his genial memory; and T. B. Aldrich sends out his "Friar Jerome's Beautiful Book, and other Poems" (all these published by Houghton, Mifflin & Co.). T. Buchanan Read also adds to this list of home productions his pleasing poem, entitled "Brushwood" (Philadelphia, Lippincott & Co.). C. De Kay's "Vision of Nimrod" (New York, D. Appleton & Co.) is an Oriental romance, on the whole very well worked out. The same publishers give us Dr. A. Coles's "The Microcosm, and other Poems." Will Carleton's "Farm Festivals" (New York, Harper & Brothers) is full of interest and instruction. A collection of poems entitled "Green Mountain Poets" (Boston, Lee & Shepard) illustrates very capitally the best talent in the Green Mountain State. Dr. P. Schaff and A. Gilman furnish a valuable work, under the title of "Library of Religious Poetry" (New York, Dodd, Mead & Co.). D. R. Locke (P. V. Nasby) makes a new contribution, in his peculiar line, entitled "Hannah Jane " (Boston, Lee & Shepard). II. N. Hudson's "Complete Works of William Shakespeare" (Harvard edition, Boston, Ginn & Heath) is a very admirable exhibition of literary skill, devotion, and ability; this edition takes rank of all others by American hands, in its full and genial life of the poet, its capital notes, its full glossary, etc. A. C. Swinburne's "Mary Stuart," and "Studies in Song" (New York, Worthington) come to us from abroad, as do several other contributions to poetic literature; viz., Jean Ingelow's "Poems" (Boston, Roberts Brothers); F. R. Havergal's "Poems" (New York, E. P. Dutton & Co.); T. H. Ward's "The English Poets, Selections with Critical Introductions by Various Writers, and a General Introduction by Matthew Arnold"; and A. W. Ward's "English Dramatic Literature to the Death of Queen Anne" (New York, Macmillan & Co.).

As a specialty, Art, the Fine Arts, Music, etc., occupy a fair space in the literary record of 1881. P. G. Hamerton's "Graphic Art" (New York, J. W. Bouton) appears in a splendid edition; "Art Essays" No. 2, "Modern Schools of Art, American and European " (New York, Barnes), are from the same author. Mrs. C. E. Clement's "Hand-Book of Legendary and Mythological Art"; "Painters, Sculptors, Architects, Engravers, and their Works " (Boston, Houghton, Mifflin & Co.), appear in new editions. C. C. Abbott furnishes a very interesting and useful work, entitled "Primitive Industry, or Illustrations of the Handiwork in Stone, Bone, and Clay, of the Native Races of the Northern Atlantic Seaboard of America" (Salem, Massachusetts, G. A. Bates). Julia B. De Forest supplies an excellent "Short History of Art" (Dodd, Mead & Co.); and the same publishers issue the standard work of Wilhelm Lübke, "Outlines of the History of

66

Art," being a new translation from the seventh German edition, edited with notes by Clarence Cook. S. G. W. Benjamin gives a very readable account of "Our American Artists" (Boston, Lothrop), including painters, sculptors, etc. A pleasant volume, by Mrs. J. A. Shedd, is entitled Famous Painters and Paintings" (Boston, Osgood & Co.), and appears in a third edition, revised and enlarged. President Bascom's "Esthetics, or the Science of Beauty," is timely and suggestive. Of works from English and Continental sources a few are here named: A. S. Murray's "History of Greek Sculpture, from the Earliest Times down to the Age of Phidias" (New York, Scribner & Welford); E. E. Viollet-le-Duc's "Discourses on Architecture," from the French (Boston, Osgood & Co.); G. G. Scott's "Essay on the History of English Church Architecture prior to the Separation of England from the Roman Obedience" (New York, Scribner & Welford); J. Von Falke's "Greece and Rome, their Life and Art" (New York, Holt); M. B. Huish's "The Year's Art, 1881" (New York, Macmillan & Co.), being an epitome of all matters relating to painting, sculpture, etc., during 1880, in the United Kingdom; and R. Schumann's "Music and Musicians, Essays and Criticisms" (New York, E. Schuberth & Co.).

Works of Travel, Description, and Adventure are unusually numerous and valuable this year. W. H. Gilder's "Schwatka's Search, Sledging in the Arctic in quest of the Franklin Records" (New York, Scribner's Sons), is intensely interesting, and very suggestive in connection with that strangely infatuating desire men have to reach the north pole. Paul du Chaillu's "The Land of the Midnight Sun" (New York, Harper & Brothers) is even more full of interest and profitable instruction, as relating to a land and people worthy of the commendation Du Chaillu bestows upon them. J. L. Hayes's "Pictures of Arctic Travel" (New York, Carleton) deserve mention in this connection. Miss Isabella Bird's "Unbeaten Tracks in Japan" (New York, Putnam's Sons) gives, in a third edition, a graphic account of her travels in the interior, including visits to the aborigines of Yezo and Isé; and W. A. P. Martin, in a compact and carefully prepared volume, describes "The Chinese, their Education, Philosophy, and Letters." Two of the most attractive and valuable works on "the Dark Continent" appear in translations, viz., Emil Holub's "Seven Years in South Africa: Travels, Researches, and Hunting Adventures between the Diamond-fields and the Zambesi, 1872-79" (Boston, Houghton, Mifflin & Co.); and Alexander da Serpa Pinto's "How I crossed Africa; from the Atlantic to the Indian Oceans through Unknown Countries, and Discovery of the Great Zambesi Affluents " (Philadelphia, Lippincott & Co.). To these add L. M. D'Albertis' "New Guinea, what I did and what I saw" (Boston, Houghton, Mifflin & Co.); R. S. Watson's "Visit to

Wazan, the Sacred City of Morocco " (New York, Macmillan & Co.); and L. Oliphant's "The Land of Gilead, with Excursions in the Lebanon" (New York, D. Appleton & Co.). The same publishers are issuing "Picturesque Palestine," with an introduction by Dean Stanley, and descriptive matter from eminent Palestine scholars and explorers. Parts one to twenty are published. D. C. Poole's "Among the Sioux of Dakota" furnishes a very instructive account of eighteen months' experience as an Indian agent (New York, Van Nostrand). Lady Duffus Hardy's "Through Cities and Prairie Lands" (New York, Worthington) is an attractive volume. J. Hatton's " To-day in America" (New York, Harper & Brothers) contains some capital studies for the Old World and the New; and A. E. Silliman, in his " Gallop among American Scenery" (New York, Barnes), gives numerous lively sketches of American scenes and military adventure. As a return compliment for our English cousins' visits and remarks, Grant White deals most effectively with the subject in his "England Without and Within " (Boston, Houghton, Mifflin & Co.). S. A. Drake's "The Heart of the White Mountains" (New York, Harper & Brothers) is replete with interesting and valuable matter. E. de Amicis's "Spain and the Spaniards," from the Italian (New York, Putnam's Sons), is a book of rare merit; and the historian E. A. Freeman's "Sketches from the Subject and Neighbor Lands of Venice" (New York, Macmillan & Co.) are marked by all the author's well-known scholarship and ability.

Juvenile books are very numerous this year, and many of them are unusually excellent and appropriate. We name only a few: "The Golden Book of Tales," selected and edited by Messrs. W. Swinton and G. R. Cathcart (New York, Ivison & Co), is a most charming volume, and contains a choice collection of holiday readings for boys and girls. Of similar character and interest are, H. E. Scudder's "The Children's Book, a Collection of the Best and Most Famous Stories and Poems in the English Language" (Boston, Houghton, Mifflin & Co.): "Our Little Ones," and "Young Folks at Home," by W. T. Adams (Boston, Lothrop), containing illustrated stories and poems; Mrs. H. B. Stowe's "Queer Little People" and other volumes of stories (New York, Fords); and S. A. Drake's "Around the Hub," a boys' book about Boston (Boston, Roberts). T. W. Knox's "The Boy Travelers in the Far East" (New York, Harper & Brothers) is a thrilling narrative of the adventures of two youths in a journey to Ceylon and India, with a description of Borneo, the Philippine Islands, and Burmah._W. Hauff's "Arabian Days' Entertainment" (Boston, Houghton, Mifflin & Co.), and "Tales of the Caravan, Inn, and Palace," both from the German (Chicago, Jansen, McClurg & Co.), are well worth reading; and Mme. Guizot de Witt's "Tales of Three Centuries," from the French

LITERATURE, AMERICAN, IN 1881.

(Boston, J. Bradley & Co.), deserve the highest praise. In the same connection may be named J. R. Gardiner's "English History for Young Folks, B. C. 55-A. D. 1880," in a revised edition for American students (New York, Holt). J. Otis's "Toby Tyler, or Ten Weeks with a, Circus," and W. L. Alden's "Cruise of the Ghost" (New York, Harper & Brothers), are first-rate stories for boys. Miss L. E. Guernsey's "The Foster Sisters, or Lucy Corbet's Chronicle" (New York, Whittaker), is one of the best stories of the year for both boys and girls.

The literature of Fiction, as a comparison with last year shows, is as attractive as ever, and the supply keeps pace with the demand. American authors, too, hold their own in this department, and divide the honors with English and Continental writers. As productions of this kind number by the hundreds, it is of course impossible to do more than give a glance at a few of the noteworthy novels and stories of 1881. Henry James's "The Portrait of a Lady" (Boston, Houghton, Mifflin & Co.) is much admired, and also much criticised. . Mrs. F. H. Burnett's "A Fair Barbarian" well sustains the writer's reputation (Boston, Osgood & Co.). The same publishers issue Miss R. T. Cooke's "Somebody's Neighbors," and W. D. Howells's "Dr. Breen's Practice," and "A Fearful Responsibility," each very effective in its way. Miss L. M. Alcott's "Little Women series (Boston, Roberts Brothers), comprising eight volumes, appears in a new edition, and maintains its high place in American fiction. Rev. W. Baker's "Blessed Saint Certainty" (Boston, Roberts Brothers) graphically presents scenes and characters from frontier life; and "Cape Cod Folks," by Miss McLean (Boston, Williams & Co.), is really unique, and in some respects the best novel of the year. "The Bloody Chasm," by J. W. De Forest, and "Wild Work, the Story of the Red River Tragedy," by Mary E. Bryan (New York, D. Appleton & Co.), are pictures of American manners and events, and are full of exciting interest. E. P. Roe's "Without a Home" (New York, Dodd, Mead & Co.) is, like all his stories, written with a distinct purpose, and points out the terribly pernicious effects of the opium-habit.

A large number of novels by English writers are, as usual, republished in the United States. George MacDonald, a writer of rare power as an analyst and portrayer of character, furnishes this year 46 Mary Marston" (D. Appleton & Co.) and "Warlock O'Glenwarlock" (New York, Harper & Brothers). From the latter house also are sent out W. Besant and J. Rice's "Chaplain of the Fleet," a curiously interesting story of the condition of matters a hundred years ago in a well-known district in London; W. Black's "Sunrise" and "The Beautiful Wretch," both sustaining his well-earned reputation as a novelist; and R. D. Blackmore's "Christowell," a story of unusual power. W.

LITERATURE, BRITISH, IN 1881. 493

W. Mallock writes "A Romance of the Nineteenth Century," and in it presents a strikingly realistic picture of existing social conditions; Mrs. K. S. Macquoid gives a pleasing story in "Esau Runswick "; and D. C. Murray presents us with a somewhat singular production entitled "Joseph's Coat" (these published by Putnam's Sons).

Translations of works of fiction are very numerous. Victor Cherbuliez's "Saints and Sinners" (Noirs et Rouges) is a capital specimen of French life and manners (New York, D. Appleton & Co.); so also is André Theuriet's "All Alone"; F. Spielhagen's "Lady Clara Vere de Vere" well represents the popular German style of novel (same publishers). The "Spanish Fairy Tales" of Fernan Caballero are presented in a capital rendering into English by J. H. Ingram; Mrs. A. L. Wister translates from the German The Eichoff's" of Von Reichenbach, and "Severa," a novel of E. Hartner's (Philadelphia, Lippincott & Co.). H. H. Boyesen's "Queen Titania" and "Tales of Two Hemispheres" (New York, Scribner's Sons) are stories of real merit. Professor R. B. Anderson has translated, with the approval of the author, Björnson's delightful "Synnove Solbakken,' ""Arne," and "A Happy Boy" (Boston, Houghton, Mitlin & Co.). The same scholar gives us, from the Icelandic, the Viking Tales of the North, i. e., "The Sagas of Thorstein, Viking's Son, and Fridthjof the Bold" (Chicago, S. C. Griggs & Co.). George Ebers's "Uarda, a Romance of Ancient Egypt," is a singularly striking production, carrying one back into hoar antiquity. Jules Verne, one of the most industrious and useful writers of our day, gives us "The Steam House, Part I, The Demon of Cawnpore,' and "Part II, Tigers and Traitors (New York, Scribner's Sons). From the French also comes "A Nihilist Princess," by M. L. Gagneur (Chicago, Jansen, McClurg & Co.), and A. de Lamartine's "Graziella, a Story of Italian Love," new edition (same publishers).

Lit

LITERATURE, BRITISH, IN 1881. erature in Great Britain, in 1881, does not display equal activity with American literature during the same period. As we have shown on a previous page, literature in the United States is steadily increasing in almost every department of knowledge, there being about one thousand more books noted in "The Publishers' Weekly " for 1881 than for the year 1880. In England, however, according to "The London Publishers' Circular," there is a marked falling off, seeing that three hundred volumes less are recorded as being published in 1881 than in 1880. This decrease is attributed mainly to the great development of the periodical press, and the immense increase in the number and variety of daily, weekly, and monthly papers and magazines. No doubt, there is force in this statement, and we give it for what it is worth. At the same time it is worthy of note that this very cause, operating

in this country, if it has been effective at all, has produced a directly contrary result. In certain departments, such as science, travel and adventure, fiction, British literature seems to be as active as ever; and there is little or no diminution in works devoted to the discussion of critical and crucial questions of the day.

In theological and religious literature there is not much of moment to be noted. The Rev. T. K. Cheyne, in his "The Prophecies of Isaiah" (London, C. Kegan Paul & Co.), gives a new translation, together with a commentary and appendices. Mr. Cheyne is a follower of Ewald, the famous German critic, and has made the writings of Isaiah his special study. Dr. E. H. Plumptre contributes to the useful series, "The Cambridge Bible for Schools," a volume on "Ecclesiastes, or the Preacher." It is a charming work, replete with scholarship and high literary culture. The last two volumes of "The Speaker's Commentary on the New Testament" (London, John Murray), edited by Canon F. C. Cook, quite sustain the reputation of the preceding volumes. Some of the ablest talent and learning of the English Church finds place in this now completed work. Dr. W. Milligan, Professor in the University of Aberdeen, is author of a very valuable work on "The Resurrection of our Lord" (Mac-. millan & Co.). It ranks among the best productions of the year. "The New Testament in the Original Greek," vol. i, Text; vol. ii, Introduction and Appendix (Macmillan & Co.), we have before alluded to, in connection with the revised version of the New Testament. The service which Drs. Westcott and Hort have here rendered to the best interests of biblical learning and criticism is beyond all praise. Under the title "Everlasting Punishment," being lectures delivered in London, Dean E. M. Goulburn furnishes a very timely and weighty contribution to the question which Canon Farrar, Dr. Pusey, and others have been discussing of late years. The second edition (London, Rivingtons) is revised and enlarged. Canon H. M. Luckok's "Studies in the History of the Book of Common Prayer" (Rivingtons) exhibits excellent scholarship and ability. It is a volume of superior merit on this topic. "The Old Testament in the Jewish Church" (Edinburgh, A. & C. Black) is the title of W. Robertson Smith's somewhat famous lectures on biblical criticism. These lectures are well known in America, and are variously esteemed by students of the orthodox or more liberal denominations. In this connection it should be stated that Dr. Littledale's "Plain Reasons against joining the Church of Rome" (Christian Knowledge Society) was found to be so 'severe and telling adversely to the Roman claims and assumptions, that it was necessary to provide an answer. This is supplied by Father Ryder, of the Oratory, in a small volume like Littledale's, entitled "Catholic Controversy: a Reply to Dr. Littledale's Plain Reasons (London, Burns & Oates). It is acute

and able. Dr. J. Cairns's "Unbelief in the Eighteenth Century " (Edinburgh, Black) is a volume of moderate size, and is, on the whole, a useful if not very profound contribution to apologetics at the present day.

In History there are no special triumphs to record, no works of any great importance having appeared. Professor G. Rawlinson's "History of Ancient Egypt" (Longmans) is a work of real value, and forms a fitting companion to his most important production, "The Five Great Monarchies of the Ancient World." J. A. Froude's "English in Ireland" (Longmans) appears in a new edition, to which Mr. F. has appended a concluding chapter dealing with Irish politics in the present day. "Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII," vol. v, arranged and catalogued by James Gairdner (Longmans), form a part of the valuable series of state papers begun by the late Dr. Brewer, Master of the Rolls. The present volume is admirably arranged and edited. Similar in character is the "Calendar of State Papers," relating to Ireland in the reign of James I, edited by Dr. C. M. Russell and J. P. Prendergast. F. W.. Longman, in his "Epochs of History," gives a very readable and carefully prepared account of "Frederick the Great and the Seven Years' War." The Hakluyt Society sends out, as its latest issue, Father F. Alvarez's "Narrative of the Portuguese Embassy to Abyssinia during the Years 1520-27." It is translated by Lord Stanley of Alderley, and is an excellent addition to material for history. S. R. Gardiner and J. B. Mullinger, in their “Introduction to English History" (C. Kegan Paul & Co.), show forth the best fruits of sound judgment, scrupulous accuracy, and strict impartiality. The list of authorities is particularly valuable. In this connection E. A. Freeman's "Historical Geography of Europe" (Longmans) deserves special mention. It is worthy of his high reputation, and is a positive gain to historical and political science. The volume of maps accompanying adds not a little to the value and interest of the work. The first volume of C. A. Fyffe's "History of Modern Europe " begins at the outbreak of the Revolutionary War, in 1792, and extends to the accession of Louis XVIII, in 1814. It is a vigorous and brilliant sketch, and promises well for the character and value of the volumes yet to

come.

The Biography of the year is, as in previous years, varied and unusually full. John Morley, in his "Life of Richard Cobden " (Chapman & Hall), has furnished a very satisfactory memoir of the statesman, and made also an excellent addition to contemporaneous history and politics. Mrs. Hardcastle writes a life of her father, "John, Lord Campbell" (John Murray), being a selection from his autobiography, diary, and letters. It is a work of real merit. P. Fitzgerald's "Life of George IV" (Tinsley Brothers) gives pretty fully that

monarch's letters and opinions, and goes quite at large into a view of the men, manners, and politics of his reign. The subject of the memoir is of so unsavory a reputation that it is a matter of regret to find so much time and labor expended in preparing an account of his life and excesses. Living statesmen appear in Barnet Smith's "Life and Speeches of the Rt. Hon. John Bright, M. P." (Hodder & Stoughton). This, like his previous work, "Life of W. E. Gladstone," is a valuable and timely production. An interesting contribution to biographical literature is the third and concluding volume of "The Letters of Charles Dickens" (Chapman & Hall). Professor E. H. Palmer does excellent service in giving anew an account of the Caliph "Haroun Alraschid," of “ Arabian Nights" notoriety (Marcus Ward & Co.). Numerous biographies of noted philosophers are among the valuable productions of the year. Professor Mahaffy's "Descartes" (Blackwood & Sons) is one of the best of these. To the series in which it appears, "Philosophical Classics for English Readers," belong "Bishop Butler," by W. L. Collins, and "Bishop Berkeley," by Professor Fraser. Both are useful and well done. In another series, "English Philosophers" (Sampson, Low & Co.), appear "Sir William Hamilton," by Professor W. H. S. Monck; "Adam Smith," by J. A. Farrer; "Hartley and James Mill," by G. S. Bower; and "Bacon," by Professor Fowler, the last being an unusually careful and satisfactory work. Valuable additions also are made to "English Men of Letters," in the volumes of this year, viz., G. Saintsbury's Dryden"; F. W. H. Myers's "Wordsworth"; Professor S. Colvin's "Landor"; and Professor Masson's "De Quincey" (Macmillan & Co.). Nearly everything valuable in the department of biography is republished in the United States, and forms a part of American as well as British literature.

In the line of Travel and Adventure English men and women have shown themselves to be quite as active, daring, and persevering as their transatlantic cousins. Lady Anna Blunt gives "A Pilgrimage to Nejd, the Cradle of the Arab Race," etc. (Murray), a very interesting and instructive narrative of personal experiences and keen, shrewd observation. "To the Central African Lakes and Back" (Sampson, Low & Co.), by Joseph Thomson, is a well-told story, of both great interest in itself and also of superior value for enlarging our knowledge of the geography of Africa. G. B. Hill's volume, "Colonel Gordon in Central Africa, 1874-79" (De La Rue & Co.), is a fitting tribute to a distinguished philanthropist and traveler in the dark regions of the world. One of the most amusing books of adventure in the year's list is T. F. Keane's "Six Months in Mecca" (Tinsley Brothers). The writer is a young Englishman, who took the name of Hajj Mohammed Amin, passed himself off as a believer, and enjoyed rare opportunities for

seeing and hearing, under circumstances where no avowed Christian would be tolerated for a moment. The same writer's "My Journey to Medinah" is equally amusing, and displays an energy, sang-froid, and power of description that are almost irresistible. W. F. Rae, in his "Newfoundland to Manitoba " (Sampson, Low & Co.), furnishes a useful and attractive “Guide through Canada's Maritime, Mining, and Prairie Provinces." The accompanying maps and illustrations increase its value. Joseph Hatton's "To-Day in America" (Chapman & Hall) is lively and entertaining, as showing an intelligent Englishman's views of matters and things in the New World. Baron A. E. von Nordenskiöld's "The Voyage of the Vega round Asia and Europe" (Macmillan & Co.), translated by Alexander Leslie, furnishes the English reader with the valuable results of the famous Swedish navigator's labors in behalf of the literature of travel and discovery. The engraved portraits, the very numerous illustrations, the maps, etc., render these two volumes as unique as they are serviceable. The Hon. H. N. Shore's "The Flight of the Lapwing" (Longmans) is an account of a naval officer's jottings in China, Formosa, and Japan. It is a somewhat amusing book, but hardly anything

more.

Under the general designation Language and its relations we find about the usual activity displayed. The first volume of "The Imperial Dictionary of the English Language, a Complete Encyclopaedic Lexicon, Literary, Scientific, and Technological" (Blackie & Son), by John Ogilvie, LL. D., edited and enlarged by C. Annandale, M. A., appears somewhat late in the year. The remaining three volumes are promised in the course of 1882. So far as it has gone it is a work of real merit and value in English lexicography. Philology is much enriched by "An English-Arabic Lexicon " (C. Kegan Paul & Co.), by G. P. Badger, D. C. L. It is a work greatly superior to any previous attempt in this direction, and bids fair to remain a standard for many years to come. Professor Jowett's "Thucydides," translated into English, with introduction, marginal analysis, notes, and indices (Macmillan & Co.), is an admirable companion to his previous work, the translation of Plato, and will make the great Attic historian better understood and appreciated than heretofore. In the same class of works is F. H. Peters's "Nichomachean Ethics of Aristotle " (C. Kegan Paul & Co.); the translation as a whole is remarkably well executed. Max Müller's "Selected Essays on Language, Mythology, and Religion" (Longmans) are among the choicest of his previous published essays in the four volumes called "Chips from a German Workshop." The present volume is full of interest and instruction. The first volume of a "Dictionary of the Anonymous and Pseudonymous Literature of Great Britain," by two Scotch scholars, Messrs. Halkett and Laing (Edinburgh, Paterson),