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In Theology and Religion there are few, if any, really great works which have appeared during the year; yet the contributions to this department are numerous and not unworthy of record. American divines have published largely in the way of sermons and lectures. The Rev. Dr. L. Bevan's " Sermons to Students and Thoughtful Persons" (New York, Scribner's Sons) are excellent in tone and teaching. Dr. H. C. Potter's "Sermons of the City" (New York, E. P. Dutton & Co.), addressed to a large and wealthy congregation, are equally appropriate and effective. Rev. E. E. Hale issues two volumes (Boston, Roberts), "The Kingdom of God" and "The Life in Common, and other Sermons," which are marked by the author's usual style and mode of dealing with his subject. Dr. E. H. Chapin's "Church of the Living God" and "God's Requirements, and other Sermons" (New York, James Miller), have been published since his death, and will serve to perpetuate his memory. Bishop A. N. Littlejohn's "Individualism: its Growth and Tendencies, with some Suggestions as to the Remedy for its Evils" (New York, T. Whittaker), contains the admirable discourses preached by him before the University of Cambridge, England. It is one of the most valuable and thoughtful volumes of the year. "Christ and Modern Thought" (Boston, Roberts) are the Boston Monday Lectures for 1880-'81, delivered by eminent American clergymen (Dr. J. C. Smith, Dr. Howard Crosby, Dr. McCosh, Bishop Clark, etc.), in the absence of Mr. Joseph Cook. It deals with topics no less interesting than important. Dr. M. Dix's "Lectures on the First Prayer-Book of King Edward VI" (New York, E. & J. B. Young & Co.) have excited much attention in the Episcopal Church, because of their severe treatment of the English Reformers, and the author's disposition to throw off, as much as possible, the Protestant character of the English Reforma

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tion. Rev. J. W. Chadwick's "The Man Jesus" (Boston, Roberts); Rev. Phillips Brooks's The Candle of the Lord, and other Sermons (New York, E. P. Dutton & Co.); Dean Howson's "Evidential Value of the Acts of the Apostles" (same publishers), are among the noteworthy books of this class. The tenth and last volume of "McClintock and Strong's Cyclopædia" (New York, Harper & Brothers) renders complete this valuable work; a supplementary volume is promised. In the way of republication the sermons of F. W. Robertson, of Stopford A. Brooke, of Dr. Vaughan, the Scotch Sermons, Hatch's Bampton Lectures on the organization of the early Church, and W. Robertson Smith's Old Testament in the Jewish Church (twelve lectures on Biblical Criticism), deserve brief mention here, as indicating the drift of theological opinion and speculation on the important topics of inspiration, right interpretation of Holy Scripture, the eternal world, etc. Dr. Geikie's "Hours with the Bible" (3 volumes, New York, James Pott) is welltimed, and presents in a popular style the results of biblical study and research in connection with Old Testament history and exegesis. Punchard's "History of Congregationalism, from about A. D. 250 to the Present Time" (Boston, Congregational Publishing Society) gives Congregationalism in America" in the fourth volume; it is regarded as the standard history of that denomination. Merle D'Aubigné's "History of the Reformation in the Sixteenth Century" has been brought out, five volumes in one, by Carters, New York. Its merits and defects, as some esteem them, are too well known to need special mention here. In Exegesis, Dr. H. Cowles has added two volumes (St. Matthew and St. Mark" and "St. Luke and the Acts of the Apostles ") to his other valuable contributions, making in all nine volumes on the Old Testament and seven upon the New (New York, D. Appleton & Co.). A

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Commentary on the Gospel of St. Luke," from the French, by Rev. F. Godet, edited by Dr. John Hall (New York, I. K. Funk & Co.), and Dr. W. H. Van Doren's "Suggestive Commentary" on the same Gospel (same publishers), deserve mention in this connection. So also does Dr. Young's " Analytical Concordance to the Bible" (republished by Funk & Co., New York), as being the most learned and complete work of the kind in the English language. Apologetical works are quite numerous. Professor J. L. Diman's "The Theistic Argument as affected by Recent Theories," such as development, evolution, natural selection (Boston, Houghton, Mifflin & Co.); Dr. B. Franklin's "The Creed and Modern Thought" (E. & J. B. Young & Co, New York); and Godet's "Lect. ures in Defense of the Christian Faith" (New York, A. D. F. Randolph & Co.), are each in its way able, effective, and well-timed, in view of the wide range which has been given to the discussion of the evidences of Christianity.— The most noteworthy event, however, in the

religious and theological record of the year is the publication of the Revised Version of the New Testament. This had been long and anxiously waited for, and, when it did appear, the excitement was intense. The printing-press could hardly furnish copies fast enough to supply the demand; edition after edition was called for; the New Testament became for the time the best-read book in the language; and the amount of examination which the New Version roused into activity was indeed marvelous. From every quarter, too, criticism has been freely bestowed, and the result, in few words, is that the New Version (for it is really new, though professedly only "revised ") takes its place as a work of substantial merit and value. It may not-it probably will not-be adopted, in toto, by any large portion of the English-speaking Christian world; but it will be acknowledged by all as a monument of the painstaking care and faithful diligence of the large body of scholars and divines, American as well as English, who prosecuted it to its final completion. The year 1881 is also notable, in this department, as having witnessed the publication of Drs. Westcott and Hort's "New Testament in the Original Greek," a work of the highest value to theology. The American edition is edited by Dr. Schaff, with an Introduction (New York, Harper & Brothers).

Philosophy, both mental and moral, presents almost a blank in 1881. Dr. Mark Hopkins's work, "The Law of Love, and Love as a Law, or Christian Ethics," has been issued in a new and revised edition (New York, Scribner's Sons); in it the theory of morals is restated for use, and there is given also "The Outline Study of Man." Dr. L. P. Hickok's “Empirical Psychology" (Boston, Ginn, Heath & Co.) appears in a new and revised edition, with the co-operation of President Seelye, of Amherst. Mr. W. W. Kingsley's " Views on Vexed Questions" (Philadelphia, Lippincott & Co.) are well worth looking into, though not very profound; and Miss Frances Power Cobbe discusses "The Duties of Women" (Boston, G. H. Ellis) with her usual pith and point. Among reprints is A. C. Fraser's "Berkeley" (Philadelphia, Lippincott), and of more than ordinary merit; also, Mr. J. Sully's "Illusions: a Psychological Study" (International Scientific Series, D. Appleton & Co.); F. A. Lange's “History of Materialism and History of its Present Importance," authorized edition, in three volumes (English and Foreign Philosophical Library, Boston, Houghton, Mifflin & Co.); the translation of G. A. Jacob's "Manual of Hindu Pantheism, the Vedantasara" (the same library and publishers); and J. Legge's "The Chinese Classics, Part I, Confucius, Part II, Mencius". (new edition, Boston, Houghton, Mifflin & Co.). In Physical and Natural Science there is a goodly number of publications, though not many by native authors. Professor C. A. Young's "The Sun" (International Scientific Series, D.

Appleton & Co.) is an able and exhaustive treatise. In the same series Professor J. Le Conte gives a lucid exposition of the principles of monocular and binocular vision, in his volume on "Sight." Dr. B. Peirce discusses very ably, "Ideality in the Physical Sciences" (Boston, Little, Brown & Co.). James Orton, in a new and augmented edition, treats of" Underground Treasures" (Philadelphia, H. C. Baird & Co.), tells how and where to find them, giving thus a key for the ready determination of all the useful minerals within the United States. S. H. Scudder's "Butterflies " (New York, Holt) is a very attractive volume on this subject; it describes the structure of butterflies, their changes and life histories, with special reference to American forms. As of similar character and value are "The Honey-Ants of the Garden of the Gods, and the Occident Ants of the American Plains," by H. C. McCook (Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott & Co.). J. P. Lesley, in a new and enlarged edition, presents very forcibly "Man's Origin and Destiny, sketched from the Platform of the Physical Sciences" (Boston, G. H. Ellis). In this department American literature owes very much to the works of English and Continental writers republished in the United States. Miss A. B. Buckley's "Life and her Children, Glimpses of Animal Life" (New York, D. Appleton & Co.), is an admirable popular manual; as is also "A World of Wonders" (same publishers), a book for young readers, profusely illustrated. Professor R. A. Proctor's "Poetry of Astronomy (Philadelphia, Lippincott & Co.) is curiously interesting and suggestive; and A. R. Wallace's "Island Life, or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras" (New York, Harper & Brothers), is certainly not less so. In the International Scientific Series there may be noted, as more than ordinarily valuable, Professor H. Morselli's "Suicide, an Essay in Comparative Moral Statistics"; A. Wurtz's "The Atomic Theory" (from the French); and Professor J. W. Judd's "Volcanoes, what they are and what they teach." Charles Darwin makes another valuable contribution to science in his "Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms, with Observations on their Habits" (New York, D. Appleton & Co.). Professor James Geikie, in his "Prehistoric Europe" (Philadelphia, Lippincott & Co.), gives a profoundly interesting sketch of the geological condition of Europe in early days; and St. George Mivart presents an elaborate and careful study of back-boned animals, especially mammals, in his volume on "The Cat" (New York, Scribner's Sons). E. B. Tylor's "Anthropology" is one of the best books of the year, and is an admirable introduction to the study of man and civilization (New York, D. Appleton & Co.).

Among works in the Useful Arts, Technical works, etc., a few only of the most valuable of the year are here named: Thomas Tredgold's "Elementary Principles of Carpentry" (New York, Spon); W. H. Uhland's "Corliss En

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gines and Applied Steam Motors" (Spon); R. Hamersly's "Naval Encyclopædia," and T. Wilhelm's "Military Dictionary and Gazetteer" (Philadelphia, L. R. Hamersly & Co.); E. S. Philbrick's 66 American Sanitary Engineering" (New York, Sanitary Engineer Of fice), R. S. Christiani's "Technical Treatise on Soap and Candles" (Philadelphia, H. C. Baird & Co.); J. B. Denton's "Sewage Disposal" (New York, Spon); J. Parry's "Water, its Composition, Collection, and Distribution " (New York, Scribner & Welford); J. Cundall's "Bookbindings-Ancient, Medieval, and Modern," with plates (Scribner & Welford); G. P. Brown's "Sewer Gas and its Dangers" (Chicago, Jansen, McClurg & Co.); A. Spitzli's "Enlarged Manual for Managers, Designers, and Weavers" (Troy, New York, W. II. Young); T. P. Teale's "Dangers to Health," a pictorial guide to domestic sanitary defects (Philadelphia, Blakiston); and A. J. Downing's pleasant and profitable "Rural Essays" (New York, Worthington).

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In Medical Science the publications of the year are numerous and valuable. A large portion of these are new and revised editions, or works rewritten under additional light and larger experience. Drs. G. M. Beard and A. D. Rockwell present "Medical and Surgical Uses of Electricity," in a third revised edition (New York, William Wood & Co.). Dr. Austin Flint, Sen., gives a new edition of his "Principles and Practice of Medicine" (Philadelphia, H. C. Lea's Son & Co.), and Dr. A. Flint, Jr., a new edition of the "Text-Book of Human Physiology (New York, D. Appleton & Co.). Dr. T. S. Kirkbride's "Insanity, and Hospitals for the Insane" (Philadelphia, Lippincott & Co.) appears in a second edition. The second volume of Dr. D. Hayes Agnew's great treatise on "The Principles and Practice of Surgery" (Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott & Co.) is among the noteworthy books of the year; as is also a translation of Dr. Just Lucas-Championnière's work entitled "Antiseptic Surgery: the Principles, Modes of Application, and Results of the Lister Dressing" (Portland, Maine, Loring, Short & Harmon). The translator and editor of the volume, Dr. F. H. Gerrish, is quite enthusiastic in support of the views set forth in the work. A very interesting and valuable publication is by Dr. R. Bartholow, "On the Antagonism between Medicines and between Remedies and Diseases" (New York, D. Appleton & Co.). Dr. J. Tyson's "Treatise on Bright's Disease and Diabetes, with Special Reference to Pathology and Therapeutics" (Philadelphia, Lindsay & Blakiston) is timely and important; it has also a section on retinitis in Bright's disease, added by Dr. W. F. Norris. Drs. J. B. Bell and W. T. Laird give a new edition of "Homoeopathic Therapeutics of Diarrhoea, Dysentery, Cholera," etc. (New York, Boerricke & Tafel). Dr. W. A. Hammond has brought out a seventh and revised edition of his work "On the Dis

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eases of the Nervous System" (New York, D. Appleton & Co.). Dr. W. H. Byford's "The Practice of Medicine and Surgery applied to the Diseases and Accidents incident to Women (Philadelphia, Lindsay & Blakiston) is a work of great value, as revised and largely rewritten. In the same connection comes also Dr. F. A. Purcell's valuable treatise "On Cancer, its Allies and other Tumors, with Special Reference to Treatment" (same publishers). Dr. Bulkley's work on "Eczema and its Management' (New York, Putnam's Sons) is thorough and important, in view of the interest of the faculty in cutaneous disorders at the present time. Other works, which deserve to be mentioned here with approbation, are-Dr. W. T. Lusk's "Science and Art of Midwifery" (New York, D. Appleton & Co.); Dr. H. H. Kane's "Drugs that Enslave," the opium, morphine, and chloral habit (Philadelphia, Blakiston); Dr. R. Glisau's "Modern Midwifery," a text-book of American practice (same publisher); Dr. A. L. Ranney's "The Applied Anatomy of the Nervous System" (New York, D. Appleton & Co.). The same publishers issue "The New York Medical Journal and Obstetrical Review," edited by Dr. F. P. Foster; and F. Leypoldt (New York) sends out the "Index Medicus," monthly record of medical publications.

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American literature is fairly represented in works on Law and Government. Codes of the different States, digests, statutes, etc., are increasing in number and value from year to year, and American jurisprudence is assuming high importance in the estimation of foreign civilized nations. The Reports of the Supreme Court of the United States, and of the Supreme Courts and Courts of Appeals of the several States, and the volumes (some thirty in number) containing the " American Decisions" are looked for with great interest, and are of special moment to the educated lawyer. A"Treatise on the Law of Injunctions" by J. I. High (Chicago, Callaghan & Co.), has reached a second edition, and is a work of merit. So, also, is F. A. Lewis's volume, "Law relating to Stocks, Bonds, and other Securities" (Philadelphia, Rees, Welsh & Co.). B. R. Curtis's very valuable work, "Jurisdiction, Practice, and Peculiar Jurisprudence of the Courts of the United States" (Boston, Little, Brown & Co.), has been enriched with notes by G. T. and B. R. Curtis. Of equal, if not superior, value is J. N. Pomeroy's "Treatise on Equity Jurisprudence as administered in the United States" (San Francisco, A. L. Bancroft & Co.). It is adapted for all the States, and to the union of equitable and legal remedies under the reformed procedures. O. W. Holmes, Jr., has written a thoughtful and interesting_book entitled "The Common Law" (Boston, Little, Brown & Co.); and the same publishers send out E. L. Pierce's important "Treatise on the Law of Railroads." Professor F. Wharton's "Treatise on the Conflict of Laws" is extremely suggestive, and is in its second edition

(Philadelphia, Kay & Brothers). J. F. Dillon's "Removal of Causes from State Courts to Federal Courts" (St. Louis, W. H. Stevenson) is supplied with forms adapted to the several acts of Congress, in an enlarged and revised edition. J. C. Hurd's "Theory of our National Existence, as shown by the Action of the Government of the United States since 1861" (Boston, Little, Brown & Co.), commands attention no less from the importance of the subject than the skill and ability with which the author has treated it. Among popular manuals we name a few: F. Crosby's "Everybody's Lawyer and Book of Forms" (Philadelphia, J. E. Potter & Co.); J. G. Lee's "Hand-Book for Coroners," containing a digest of all the laws in the thirtyeight States of the Union (Philadelphia, W. Brotherhead); S. D. Thompson's "Liability of Directors and other Officers and Agents of Corporations" (St. Louis, W. H. Stevenson); "Notaries' and Commissioners' Manual" (New York, Baker, Voorhees & Co.); F. J. Stimson's "Glossary of Technical Terms, Phrases, and Maxims of the Common Law" (Boston, Little, Brown & Co.); and F. F. Heard's "Oddities of the Law" (Boston, Soule & Bugbee).

In Biography, Memoirs, and the like, the present year is not less prolific than its predecessors. The Rev. Dr. E. E. Beardsley's "Life and Correspondence of Rev. Samuel Seabury" (first bishop in the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States) is a valuable contribution to history as well as literature (Boston, Houghton, Mifflin & Co.). J. B. Gough, in his "Sunlight and Shadow" (Hartford, Conn., A. D. Worthington & Co.), gives some interesting gleanings from his life-work in the cause of temperance. Dr. A. Stevens presents, in his "Madame de Staël: A Study of her Life and Times" (New York, Harper & Brothers), a vivid portraiture of the first French Revolution and the First Empire. It is a work of solid merit, as well as of unflagging interest. The same publishers send out J. W. Forney's amusing and instructive "Anecdotes of Public Men." Miss M. A. Lamson's "Life and Education of Laura Dewey Bridgman, the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind Girl," loses none of its interest in a new edition (Boston, Houghton, Mifflin & Co.). R. W. Johnson contributes an admirable "Memoir of MajorGeneral George H. Thomas" (Philadelphia, Lippincott & Co.). After long and careful study, James Parton brings out his elaborate "Life of Voltaire" (Boston, Houghton, Mifflin & Co.). It already takes its place as a standard in this department. General A. Badeau completes, in a third volume, the "Military History of Ulysses S. Grant, from April, 1861, to April, 1865" (New York, D. Appleton & Co.). The substantial merit of the work is recognized on all hands. R. H. Conwell gives a pleasing and useful account of "The Life, Travels, and Literary Career of Bayard Taylor" (Boston, Lothrop). Messrs. J. M. Bundy, in his "The Nation's Hero, in Memo

riam, Life of James Abram Garfield, Twentieth President of the United States" (New York, Barnes), and J. S. Ogilvie, in his "Life and Death of James A. Garfield, from Tow-path to the White House" (New York, Ogilvie), give popular sketches of the late President, whose cruel murder, and the trial of whose assassin, excited public attention throughout the civilized world.

In the way of republication, numerous works of value are added to American literature. F. W. H. Myers's "William Wordsworth" is one of the most interesting and successful volumes of the series "English Men of Letters" (New York, Harper & Brothers). In the same series, S. Colvin gives a thoughtful study of "Landor" and his works; and Professor D. Masson performs a like service for "De Quincey" and his singularly interesting career. Other serial works show the tendency of biographical literature in 1881. Mrs. Oliphant's "Cervantes," and W. L. Collins's "Butler" (Philadelphia, Lippincott), are valuable contributions to "Foreign and Philosophical Classics for English Readers." F. W. Trollope, the novelist, tries his hand upon a "Life of Cicero," and succeeds very well, all things considered (New York, Harper & Brothers). Mme. De Witt, daughter of the statesman and historian, gives a pleasant narrative of "Monsieur Guizot, in Private Life" (Boston, Estes & Lauriat). Messrs. Shepherd and Williamson furnish the admirers of the Scotch celebrity with "Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Thomas Carlyle," giving personal reminiscences and selections from his private letters (New York, Scribner & Welford). Dr. W. G. Blaikie writes with enthusiasm and force of "The Personal Life of David Livingstone" (New York, Harper & Brothers), and Canon Carus supplies "Memorials of the Rev. Charles Pettit Mellvaine, Bishop of Ohio (New York, Whittaker). From the French of Eugene Muntz we have "Raphael, his Life, his Works, and his Times" (New York, A. C. Armstrong & Son), a very elegantly illustrated work.

In this connection we may properly name several other works of merit in the department of literary history and culture: Miss L. E. Poor's "Sanskrit and its Kindred Literatures," being studies in comparative mythology (Boston, Roberts); R. G. White's "American View of the Copyright Question" (New York, Routledge); a new uniform edition of J. R. Lowell's "Complete Works" (Boston, Houghton, Mifflin & Co.); W. Mathews's " 'Literary Style, and other Essays' (Chicago, S. C. Griggs & Co.); Horace Bushnell's "Literary Varieties," and "Moral Uses of Dark Things" (New York, Scribner's Sons); O. B. Bunce's charming volume, "Bachelor Bluff, his Opinions, Sentiments, and Disputations" (New York, D. Appleton & Co.); Professor M. C. Tyler's "History of American Literature, Colonial Period, 1607-1765" (New York, Putnam's Sons); and new editions of J.

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G. Holland's popular prose and poetical works (New York, Scribner's Sons). To these should be added, "The Dhammapada," being one of the canonical books of the Buddhists, translated from Pâli, by F. Max Müller; with others, forming part of the "Sacred Books of the East," translated by various Oriental scholars, and edited by Müller (New York, Macmillan & Co.); from the same publishers, W. Y. Sellar's "Roman Poets of the Republic," and J. Watson's Kant and his English Critics," being a comparison of critical and empirical philosophy; and, as of special value, Sir G. W. Cox's "Introduction to the Science of Comparative Mythology and Folk Lore" (New York, Holt).

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No very important work on History, of American authorship, has appeared during 1881. Local histories are numerous and valuable, and outline sketches and books for schools are in abundance. Mr. Bancroft's long-promised volumes, "History of the Formation of the Constitution of the United States," forming a history of the United States from the Treaty of Peace with Great Britain to the Inauguration of Washington, are handed over to the succeeding year. Professor II. Coppée furnishes an interesting and useful "History of the Conquest of Spain by the Arab-Moors" (Boston, Little, Brown & Co.). T. T. Timayenis is author of a 66 History of Greece, from Earliest Times to the Present," a useful compilation (New York, D. Appleton & Co.). II. C. Lodge gives his countrymen a work of unique interest and value, entitled "A Short History of the English Colonies in America" (New York, Harper & Brothers). R. Blanchard's "Discovery and Conquests of the Northwest " (Chicago, Cushing, Thomas & Co.) occupies a field of great importance; and Jefferson Davis's "Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government " (New York, D. Appleton & Co.) is a work variously estimated as to its value and help toward a right and just settlement of American history. The writer concludes his second volume as follows:

In asserting the right of secession, it has not been my wish to incite to its exercise: I recognize the fact that the war showed it to be impracticable, but this did not prove it to be wrong; and, now that it may not be again attempted, and that the Union may promote the general welfare, it is needful that the truth, the whole truth, should be known, so that crimina tion and recrimination may for ever cease, and then, on the basis of fraternity and faithful regard for the rights of the States, there may be written on the arch of the Union, Esto perpetua.

H. P. Johnston's "The Yorktown Campaign and Surrender of Cornwallis" (New York, Harper & Brothers) is a very carefully prepared narrative, in both good taste and temper. Several volumes on "The Campaigns of the Civil War" are promised; we name two: M. F. Force's "From Fort Henry to Corinth," and J. G. Nicolay's "Outbreak of the Rebellion" (New York, Scribner's Sons). H. Von Holst's elaborate work on "The Constitution

and Political History of the United States," from the German (Chicago, Callaghan), has reached a third volume. It is a work of superior merit. From the veteran worker in American history, B. J. Lossing, we have "Harper's Popular Cyclopædia of United States History," marked by his usual care and industry.

In Education, Language, etc., there is a goodly supply of native productions, together with about the usual number of reprints. Textbooks in the ancient classics, in Hebrew and Oriental tongues, and in modern languages, are quite in abundance, in fact too abundant to specify to any advantage. R. H. Ball's "Elements of Astronomy" (New York, D. Appleton & Co.) is one of a valuable series entitled "Text-Books of Science." The same publishers issue a text-book for normal schools, entitled "Art of School Management." J. Ogden's "Science of Education, or Philosophy of Human Culture" (Cincinnati, Van Antwerp & Co.), is a thoughtful and suggestive publication. Alfred Ayres has issued a companion volume to "The Orthoëpist" of last year, entitled "The Verbalist " (New York, D. Appleton & Co.). It is a capital little volume. J. E. Worcester's " Dictionary of the English Language" (Philadelphia, Lippincott) appears in a new edition, with a valuable supplement. This great work disputes with Webster the place of being "the standard" of the English tongue, and many think successfully. W. H. Payne reprints from the "Encyclopædia Britannica" the valuable article on "Education," entitling it "A Short History of Education," with notes, etc. (Syracuse, New York, C. W. Bardeen); it is interesting and useful to the general reader. L. T. Townsend's "The Art of Speech, Studies in Eloquence and Logic " (New York, D. Appleton & Co.), is a serviceable little work. H. Kiddle and A. J. Schem furnish a useful and valuable "Dictionary of Education" (New York, Steiger), based upon the larger work, "Cyclopædia of Education." J. F. McCurdy's "Aryo-Semitic Speech" (Andover, Massachusetts, W. F. Draper) is a very interesting study in linguistic archæology. Among English books of note in this department are, J. G. Fitch's "Lectures on Teaching, delivered in the University of Cambridge"; and H. Kiepert's "Manual of Ancient Geography," being the authorized translation from the German (New York, Macmillan & Co.).

The interest in Political Economy and Social Science is fully as great as in any preceding year, and several valuable contributions to this department are the result. G. F. Seward (late American minister to China), in his "Chinese" Immigration in its Social and Economical Aspects" (New York, Scribner's Sons), discusses the question which has agitated largely the people on our Pacific coast. It is a timely and valuable publication. Henry George's "Irish Land Question" (New York, D. Appleton & Co.) undertakes to show, with much ability, what this question involves, and how alone it

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