68

Jefferson and Knox Counties.

JEFFERSON COUNTY.

JEFFERSON is situated in the east part of the state, and contains three hundred and ninety-six square miles. It was the fifth county erected in Ohio, and was formed by proclamation of Governor St. Clair, in 1797. It was so named in honor of Thomas Jefferson, then vice-president of the United States, and afterward president. The surface is uneven and quite hilly in some parts. The soil is fertile, and produces chiefly Watered by Cross, Short, and Yellow creeks, wheat, corn, and oats. Coal and iron and washed on its eastern border by the Ohio river. abound, and it is becoming the greatest manufacturing district in the state. Settled chiefly by Pennsylvanians. Its towns and their popula

tion, in 1840, were:

Brush Creek

757

Ross

Cross Creek . 1,707

Island Creek. 1,867

Saline

Knox.

. 1,529

Mount Pleasant 1,676

Steubenville
Warren.
Wayne.

. 5,203

Wells

1 492

Smithfield '. 2,095

1,077

Capital.-STEUBENVILLE. It is situated on the west bank of Ohio river. Laid out in 1798, with streets crossing each other at right angles. Incorporated in 1805, and had in 1840 six churches, a fine townhouse, with a market in the lower story, a bank, an academy, thirty stores, one steam papermill, two woollen factories, three carpet factories, two cotton factories, three iron foundries, three steam-engine factories, one brass foundry, three machine shops, three steam flouringmills, one silver-plating factory, one steam sawmill, two breweries, three copperas factories, one comb factory, one chymical factory, one ropewalk, one boatyard, two printing-offices, each issuing a weekly newspaper, and about seven hundred dwellings. There were in the township twenty-nine stores, capital fifty-five thousand six hundred dollars; one furnace, one woollen factory, two tanneries, two breweries, one paper factory, two printing-offices, two weekly newspapers, four flouring-mills, one sawmill. Capital in manufactures, two hundred and twenty-one One college, two hundred and eight students, one thousand dollars. academy, thirty students, five schools, five hundred and ninety-one scholars. Population, in 1847 about 7000.

KNOX COUNTY.

KNOX is situated near the centre of the state, and contains six hundred and eighteen square miles. It was formed from Fairfield, in 1808, and was named in honor of General Henry Knox, who was distinguished as an officer of the revolution, and was the first secretary of war under the The northeastern part is quite hilly; the central and constitution.

southwestern level, or slightly undulating. The soil is generally fertile, that of the bottom-lands very rich. Watered by Vernon river and its tributaries, which afford excellent water-power. The chief productions are wheat, corn, oats, and potatoes. Tobacco and wool are produced in abundance, and maple sugar extensively manufactured. The early settlers were chiefly from Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, with a considerable number from New England. Its towns and their population, in 1840, were:

or Owl

Capital.-MOUNT VERNON. It is situated on Vernon rive、

creek. It had in 8140, a courthouse, jail, four churches-tw presby.

Kenyon college is located at Gambier, so called after Lord Gambier. It was establishe venerable Bishop Chase, the senior bishop of the protestant episcopal church in the Unit means of funds obtained by him for the purpose in England. Lord Kenyon having been benefactor, the institution received his name. 1t was laid out and the building comme in the centre of a tract of land belonging to the college, of four thousand acres. Other bu since been erected for the accommodation of its students. In the various libraries, ther ten thousand volumes.

by the now ed States, by its principal ced in 1826, ildings have

are

nearly

70

Lake County.

terian (one old and one new school), one episcopal, a fine gothic structure, and one protestant Methodist-twenty stores, three flouring-mills, two sawmills, one oil-mill, two printing-offices, two hundred and fifty dwellings, and two thousand three hundred and sixty-two inhabitants.

LAKE COUNTY.

LAKE is situated in the northeast part of the state, upon Lake Erie, and contains two hundred and twenty square miles. It was formed from Geauga and Cuyahoga, in 1840, and was so named from the circumstance of its bordering upon the lake. The surface is generally rolling, and the soil fertile. Watered by Grand and Chagrin rivers. The chief agricultural productions are wheat, corn, oats, barley, potatoes, buckwheat, and hay. Apples, pears, peaches, plums, and grapes, are raised in great abundance,

and several thousand dollars worth of fruit is annually exported from the county. It is decidedly the best fruit

district in the state

of Ohio. Bog iron

MORMON TEMPLE AT KIRTLAND.*

ore abounds in Perry and Madison, and smelting furnaces have been erected. First settled, in 1799, by families from Connecticut. Its towns and their population, in 1840, were:—

Concord

Kirtland

1,136
1,778

Madison

Mentor

Le Roy.

893

Painesville.

2,580

Capital.-PAINESVILLE.

It is drained by Grand river.

It is bounded by Lake Erie on the north.
It contains within its boundaries the

small villages called cities of Fairport and Richmond, at the mouth of
the river. The village is situated near the centre, on a high bank of
the river, and had in 1840, a courthouse, jail, three churches.

-one pres

* Ohio and Illinois have been the principal theatres for the exhibition of that stupendous imposture of the present day, Mormonism. It has now departed for the broad wildernesses of California and Upper Mexico, but some relics of its existence are left behind. Among them is the temple, here repIt was completed in 1835. When, in 1832, they commenced building resented, situated in Kirtland. the temple, they were few in number. When it was completed, they had increased to two thousand. The cost of this temple was about forty thousand dollars.

Lawrence and Licking Counties.

byterian, one episcopal, and one methodista banking-house for the bank of Geauga, twenty-five stores, one flouring-mill, one sawmill, one furnace. Fairport, two miles north, may be regarded as its port, where is a good harbor, and which is connected with Painsville by a railroad. The town, had in 1840, fifty-three stores, capital, forty-one thousand dollars; one furnace, one tannery, two-printing-offices, three weekly newspapers, two gristmills, and five sawmills. Capital in manufactures, eleven thousand dollars. One academy, one hundred and twenty students, nine schools, one thousand scholars. Population, two thousand five hundred and eighty.

LAWRENCE COUNTY.

LAWRENCE is situated upon the Ohio, in the extreme southern part of the state, and contains four hundred and thirty square miles. It was formed, in 1816, and was so named in honor of Captain James Lawrence, of New Jersey, a distinguished naval commander during the war of 1812. He was killed in the action between his ship (Chesapeake) and the Shannon. The surface is hilly, some places exceedingly so, and the soil various. The river bottoms are rich and fertile. The agricultural products are limited in quantity, and consist of wheat, corn, oats, potatoes, and hay. Apples are abundant. Coal and iron abound, and the manufacture of the latter is carried on extensively. Watered by Indian, Guyandot, and Symmes's creeks. Settled about 1797, by people from Pennsylvania and Virginia. Its towns and their population, in 1840, were :—

Capital.-BURlington.

It is situated on the north bank of the

Ohio river, at the extreme southern point of the state. It had in 1840, a courthouse, a jail, two churches, one presbyterian, and one methodist, a steam sawmill, two carding machines, and various manufactories.

LICKING COUNTY.

LICKING is situated a little southeast of the centre of the state, and contains six hundred and sixty-six square miles. It was formed from Fairfield, in 1808, and was named from its principal stream, so called by the whites. The more euphonious Indian name was Pataskala. The surface is an elevated table-land, hilly on the east, and level on the The soil is very fertile. Watered by Licking river and its branches, and a branch of the Muskingum river. It is a wealthy agricultural county, producing wheat, corn, &c., in abundance. Wool and

west.

Logan County.

pork constitute a part of its staple productions. Coal and iron ore are found abundantly. Settled by a mixed population from the middle states, and Wales and Germany. Its towns and their population, in 1840, were:

Capital.-NEWARK. It is situated at the confluence of three principal branches of Licking river, and on the Ohio and Erie canal, which passes along one of its streets. In 1840 it had a courthouse, jail, several churches, two academies, a market-house, fifteen stores, two printing-offices, and two thousand seven hundred and five inhabitants.

LOGAN COUNTY.

LOGAN is situated a little northeast of the centre of the state, and contains four hundred and twenty-five square miles. It was formed in 1817, and named in honor of General Benjamin Logan, an officer of the Revolution, who commanded Kentucky rangers against the Indians. The surface is generally level, broken in some places; and soil various but uniformly fertile. Watered by the Miami river and its tributaries. In the western part are eight lakes, covering each from two to seventy acres of land. The chief agricultural products are wheat, corn, oats, rye, flax, clover, and timothy seed. This region was the favorite abode of the Shawnee Indians, who built upon Mad river the Mack-a-chack towns, which were destroyed by General Logan. Settled first by Kentuckians. Its towns and their population, in 1810, were :

Capitel.-BELLEFONTAINE. Incorporated in 1820. In 1840 it had

a courthouse, jail, two brick churches (one presbyterian and one methodist), five stores, three tanneries, one pottery, one printing-office, which issued a weekly newspaper, and over fifty dwellings. Pop. in 1847, 800.