2,000 hhds. So that about 1400 find a market at home. Full half of that crop was prob ably destroyed by the early frost last fall. This year the production, with a favorable season, will amount to at least 5,000 hhds., and probably more; and the amount will increase probably full 50 per cent per year for some years to come.

COMMERCIAL PANIC MAKERS.

We have a class of men, and what is worse, a class of journals, who find their most congenial employment and highest pleasure in predicting commercial embarrassment and revulsion. Like birds of evil omen, their scream is loudest and most wildly joyous when prognosticating mischief and misery. What they predict they are of course anxious to see realized, for their credit depends upon their prophecy becoming history. Having committed themselves in the prediction, these oracles of confusion at once apply themselves to the creation of the state of things they have foretold. Whatever facts or coloring of facts there may be indicative of declining prosperity, are laboriously spread and exaggera ted; evil surmises whispered in the parlor are trumpeted in the streets; the signs of strength and prosperity are suppressed; the same tale of coming distress is repeated so often and so confidently, that at length it finds believers; confidence declines; fear, prover bially contagious, spreads, suspicions multiply, and the mischief is accomplished. The panic makers of a commercial community embrace two classes--those who, having nothing to lose, think it possible they may fare better in a time of distress and confusion; and those who hope to speculate on the misfortunes of the community, by buying when property is in a depressed condition. This class of men, by no means small in our large commercial cities, are to the mercantile world what the filthy carrion-fowl are to the animal creation. Their delight, their living, their feasting, and their fatness, depend upon the death of others. Their fortunes are reared from the wrecks of the times, from the fallen estates of their betters, from the overthrown houses, the dilapidated and forsaken homes of neighbors. They are the land-pirates of trade, setting up false lights to decoy the unwary on shore, that they may pounce upon their wealth. Perhaps we might add a third class, who predict and help to create distress, from the mere love of mischief; for, amid the diversity of human depravity, we sometimes find those who say to evil, "be thou my good,” and who never smile but when the wretched weep. We trust that none of the readers of the Merchants' Magazine belong to either of the above named classes.

COMMERCIAL VALUE OF DIFFERENT COCHINEALS.

TRANSLATED FROM M. BECQUEREL FOR THE JOURNAL OF THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE.

M. Cheveeul communicated to the Academy of Sciences of Paris, at their meeting on the 27th March, 1848, some very interesting experiments upon the comparative merits of a cochineal, raised in 1845, in Algiers, and the Zaccatilla cochineal of commerce, which is the black female insect of Mexico, which has died naturally after the deposit of her eggs. The following are his conclusions:

The cochineal of Algiers has less coloring power than the Zaccatilla, but the difference is less for scarlet than for crimson.

For crimson, the comparative values of the two are as 4 to 5. The cost of the Zaccatilla cochineal being 19.5 francs per kilogramme, the value of the Algerine will be, for crimson, 15.6 francs; but for scarlet, it will be worth 17.15 francs. At a mean about 16.35 francs.

He suggests an inquiry whether the difference of color (the Algerine being more of an orange hue than the other) may not be due to the different species of plant upon which the insects are fed; the Mexican insect being fed upon the Cactus cochenilifer, the Algerine upon the Cactus Opuntia.

QUERCITRON BARK.

By a British Treasury letter, dated the 23d of March, 1848, on the application of Mr. T. L. Woodcock, of Manchester, requesting that certain preparations of quercitron bark, applicable to processes of dyeing and cotton printing, may be admitted free of duty, (the bark itself being already free,) the Board of Customs are authorized to extend the privi lege of free entry, now given to "bark and to extract of bark, or of other vegetable substances used only for tanning leather," to the like substances when used for other purposes.

THE BOOK TRADE.

1-The Writings of Cassius Marcellus Clay. Including Speeches and Addresses. Edited, with a Preface and Memoir, by HORACE GREELEY. 8vo., pp. 535. New York: Harper & Brothers.

The present volume consists of the occasional speeches, addresses, and the leading editorials written by Mr. Clay for the "True American," published a short time at Lexington, Kentucky. Notwithstanding a few incongruous opinions and acts of Mr. Clay, we frankly and cheerfully award to him the merit of being an honest, earnest, and fearless champion of truth, freedom, and humanity; and we heartily thank our friend Greeley for the present collection of his friend's writings, which will be to many minds, as it certainly is to our own, a most acceptable offering. Mr. Clay, in dedicating the papers which Mr. Greeley has arranged and introduced to the public by a pertinent and sensible introduction, together with a comprehensive, well-written memoir, says:

"HORACE GREELEY:-I entrust to you the writings of which it is proposed to make this work, both because you have displayed in your words and acts a living aspiration for the civilization and happiness of mankind, and because you have been from the beginning my most trusting friend and ablest vindicator. If I have advanced nothing very new, I flatter myself that I have placed old truths in a striking light, and in a few words. Whilst I am not unambitious of fame, I believe that I am actuated in this by a desire to do good. In touching the serious subjects of religion, morals, and government, I have looked consequences in the face. I come not to destroy, but to save. I believe that the Christian morality is the basis of all progress and civilization; the embryo of all amelioration of earth's ills; expansive enough for all forms of government and social relations; at the same time, the time-serving and gross corruptions of "the church," call for unsparing scrutiny from all true lovers of vital religion and pure morals. The tone of many of these articles I would gladly soften, but then I should lose in truth and freshness what I should gain by more gentle phraseology. Those who have taken part in this struggle for the liberties of men, have voluntarily chosen this position; it remains for impartial history to award the deserts of each." We shall endeavor to notice more fully the contents of this volume in our next monthly issue.

2.-A First Book in Spanish, or a Practical Introduction to the Study of the Spanish Language: containing full instructions in Pronunciation; a Grammar; Exercises on the Ollendorff method of constant imitation and repetition; Reading Lessons; and a Vocabulary. The whole adapted to the use of Private Learners, or for Classes under Instructors. By JOSEPH SALKELD, A. M., author of "A Compendium of Classical Antiquities." New York: Harper & Brothers.

"Ollendorff's New Methods" undoubtedly furnish all that is necessary for those who merely desire to converse in a foreign language; but those who wish to acquire the knowledge of a language both for practical and literary purposes, a work like this, uniting, as it does, both systems, will be found most advantageous. The Spanish language can undoubtedly be more readily acquired by an Anglo-American than any other European language, and we are not a little surprised that it is not more studied.

3.-Kings and Queens; or, Life in the Palace: consisting of Historical Sketches of Josephine and Maria Louisa, Louis Philippe, Ferdinand and Isabella II., Leopold, and Victoria. By JOHN S. C. ABBOTT. 12mo., pp. 312. New York: Harper & Brothers.

As sturdy republicans, our veneration for kings and queens is not remarkably developed; still, we are not without curiosity in studying their history and character as specimens of human nature under peculiar circumstances, which, however prized by many, have little attraction for us. The author of the present work says, he has spared no pains to obtain as correct knowledge as possible of the distinguished individuals of whom he has written, and assures the reader that he has introduced no illustrative actions which have not appeared to him to be well authenticated. This is all right; and although we should probably differ from him in his estimate of the kingly and queenly character, his views will in the main satisfy the popular mind. On the whole, these sketches will be read, at this time, with interest; and afford the young amusement, if not the highest kind of in

struction.

4.-The Dying Robin, and other Tales. By JOSEPH ALDEN, D. D. Author of "Alice Gordon," "Elizabeth Benton," "The Lawyer's Daughter," "The Young School Mistress," etc. New York: Harper & Brothers.

"The Dying Robin" is but one of some twenty-five or thirty agreeable and instructive tales, designed for children from six to twelve years of age.

5.-Memoirs of William Ellery Channing, with Extracts from his Correspondence and Manuscripts. By WILLIAM HENRY CHANNING. 3 vols., 12mo., pp. 1,380. Boston: Crosby & Nichols.

We hail the appearance of this work with feelings of the most lively interest, heightened by our veneration for the sainted subject, and our love for his kinsman, the wise and worthy editor of the volumes, whose modesty is only equalled by his great merit. The character, education, aims, and the years of intimacy enjoyed by the editor, all seem to have pointed him out, of all others, as the only individual capable of correctly appreciating, and thus rendering full justice to the best expression or embodiment of the Christianity of Christ in this nineteenth century. It is, as the author states, an autobiography, in so far as the materials at command enabled him to give it that character, and "consists of extracts from private papers, sermons, and letters, with such remarks interwoven as seemed needful for purposes of illustration." The symmetrical arrangement of the materials illustrate the several epochs of his life, and the minute, as well as more prominent, phases of his character, forming a beautiful and harmonious whole. The work is divided into three parts, the first referring, in successive chapters, to his "parentage and birth," "boyhood," "college life," "studies and settlements;" the second to his " early ministry," 'spiritual growth," "connection with the Unitarian controversy," the middle age of his ministry," and "European journey;" and the third part, which occupies a portion of the second and the whole of the third volume, to his ministry and literature, religion and philosophy, and finally to his character as a social reformer, including under this head the treatment of criminals, the peace, anti-slavery, and the temperance movements, each of which occupied a prominent place in the mind and heart of this truly Christian reformer. The illustrations on all these points are full and satisfactory; and, although the editor seems to have studied the character of this great man, and to have said all that was necessary in grouping the materials and summing them up, Dr. Channing is "permitted to speak for himself" in his own true and beautiful words. The labor of the editor, it seems to us, has been performed with singular fidelity, and has resulted in the production of a truthful, and, in our judgment, faultless portraiture. Indeed, we consider it a model of its kind.

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6.-The Military Heroes of the Revolution: with a Narrative of the War of Independence. By CHARLES J. PETERSON. 8vo., pp. 487. Philadelphia: William A. Leary. The preparation of this work appears, for a long time, to have been a favorite scheme of the author. The design of it, as we gather from the author, and an examination of its contents, is to furnish brief, analytical portraits of those military leaders who, from superior good fortune, have played the most prominent parts in the war of the Revolution. Each biography is made the frame, as it were, for a battle picture, the combat chosen being that in which the hero of the memoir principally distinguished himself. Accordingly, we find that the author not only tells us where a Warren was born and where a Putnam spent his youth, but he enshrines these warlike heroes with Lexington, Bunker Hill, Eutaw, and Stony Point. The plan is more comprehensive than that of any similar work recently published, including, as it does, not only those whose rank would seem to claim admission, but many brave men whose subordinate positions have caused them heretofore to be overlooked. Mr. Peterson consulted the best authorities, and we should think his book, though designed for popular reading, was authentic in its details, while it possesses "those stirring anecdotes, which illustrate a crisis," and which, to use a metaphor of Coleridge, tell a story" by flashes of lightning." It is illustrated with portraits of the several heroes, and pictures of the most prominent and stirring scenes in their lives. We notice that Mr. Peterson has in preparation a second volume, which will include the "Heroes of the War of 1812," and the "Heroes of the War with Mexico," now happily brought to a close. That relating to the War with Mexico will, of course, be more complete than any yet published, as it will embrace its history from the commencement to the ratification of peace. 7.-Hydropathy and Homœopathy impartially appreciated, with an Appendix of Notes illustrative of the Influence of the Mind on the Body. By EDWIN LEE, Esq. First American from the third London edition. New York: H. Long & Brothers. This little work appears to have been prepared for the advantage of those interested in having an opinion as to the degree of estimation to which these two methods of treating disease are entitled, free from the one-sided views which their partisans are desirous of inculcating, but at the same time without an undue depreciation of the effects which, when considered in their more extensive bearings, their introduction is likely to have on medical practice. Our own opinion, to speak frankly, is, that both systems embrace valuable truths, and that either is preferable to the extensive drugging and blood-letting of the old school allopathists.

8-Eureka: a Prose Poem. By EDGAR A POE. New York: George F. Putnam, of the late firm of "Wiley & Putnam." 12mo., pp. 143.

It is well the author has, by his own admission, brought this startling work into the provinces of poetry or romance. As a work of the imagination, it teems with the high. est beauty of view and glorious thought. There is, there must be, much of the true in the grand Utopia of the universe thus imaged forth, because the presence of the true is intuitively felt. And then, Mr. Poe has a wonderful faculty of illustrating his theories. He unites the precision of mathematical acumen with the creative energy of the wildest imagination, and uses facts or fancies, as the exigencies demand, with equal facility. That he has actually discovered the cause of gravitation, which this "Eureka" proclaims, we do not consider ourselves qualified to decide; but he has certainly written a very curious and original book on the subject, and we venture to prophesy that this " Art-Product" will give its author a wide reputation for scientific knowledge and subtle theorizing. 9-Sophisms of the Protective Policy. By FR. BASTIAT, corresponding member of the National Institute of France, etc. Translated from the second French edition, by Mrs. D. J. McLORD, of South Carolina. With an Introductory Letter by Dr. FRANCIS LIEBER. 12mo., pp. 182. New York: George F. Putnam.

We entirely concur with Dr. Lieber in believing that the publication of this work, unmasking, as it does, sophisms which are still diffused over many countries, will have a beneficial effect here as it has had in a high degree in France. The perspicuity and raci ness of the style, garnished at times with graceful irony, will render those parts of the work acceptible to the general reader, which otherwise might have remained uninviting to him. Bastiat's petition of the French tallow-chandler in the Chamber of Deputies, to exclude the sunlight, as being highly injurious to all the great tallow interests, is regarded by Dr. Lieber, and justly, too, as a rare specimen of irony, quite equal to Dean Swift's cucumber man, cited by Daniel Webster in 1824, and worthy of all notice, not so much for the ingenuity as for the intrinsic truth of its satire. Free trade is one of the practical applications of the Golden Rule of the Gospel, and tends more, perhaps, than any other, to promote "peace on earth and good will among men."

10-Jahr's New Manual, (or Symptomen-Cordex.) Translated, with Extensive Additions from Various Sources, by CHARLES JULIUS HEMPELL, M. D., aided by JAMES M. QUIN, M. D.; with a Preface by Dr. C. HERING, Revision and Clinical Notes by Dr. J. F. GRAY, Contributions from Drs. A. GERALD HULL, G. W. Cook, B. F. JOSLIN, C. HERING, J. JEANES, C. WEIDHARD, W. WILLIAMSON, and J. KITCHEN. Vol. I. 8vo., pp. 943. New York: William Radde.

This is unquestionably the most remarkable work of the nineteenth century; at least as a symptomen-cordex. The symptoms, physical and moral, of every known disease, are described with a minuteness that is really astonishing; and we should suppose such a work would be valuable to scientific men of every school in medicine. It is stated, as a remarkable fact, that the pathognetic effects of nux vomica and pulsatilla, obtained by Hahnemann in the years 1790-1810, in a distant country, are confirmed in every particular by provings instituted at the present time in different countries, among different nations and races. This complete similarity of the symptoms of the disease, which are fiequently the result of the most varied influences, and of the drug symptoms which are observed in different persons, having nothing in common with each other, Dr. Hering maintains, show a path that not only leads to curcs, but that will ultimately lead to a scientific construction of the Materia Medica of which modern pathologists have no idea.

11-France: its King, Court, and Government. By an AMERICAN. New York: Leonard Scott.

Mr. Scott is probably right in supposing that the recent stirring events in France, and the nomination of General Cass, who is understood to be the author, as the candidate for President of this Republic, will create a demand for the work sufficient to justify its republication. As allusions have been made to this work by the party press, it is well, perhaps, for the public to have an opportunity of examining it for themselves. It is certainly a well written, and withal quite agreeable work.

12-Christian Songs. By the Rev. JAMES G. LYONS, LL. D. "The Service of Songs." Third edition. Philadelphia: George S. Appleton.

Several of these "songs" possess more than ordinary merit as compositions; and all of them are written in an easy and graceful style. The inspiration of the author is Christian, and the devotion they breathe like that religion, "pure and gentle."

13.-The Planetary and Stellar Worlds: a Popular Exposition of the great Discoveries and Theories of Modern Astronomy. In a Series of Ten Lectures. By O. M. MITCHEL, A. M., Director of the Cincinnati Observatory. 12mo., pp. 336. New York: Baker & Scribner.

Mr. Mitchel, it is well known, was the founder of the Astronomical Observatory at Cincinnati, and these lectures were originally prepared for the purpose of creating an interest in the sublime science of astronomy. The ten lectures embraced in this volume treat of the structure of the universe so far as revealed by the mind of man. The first is devoted to an exposition of the problem which the heavens present for solution; the second traces the progress of the discoveries of the primitive ages; the third treats of the theories for the explanation of the motions of the heavenly bodies; the fourth of the discovery of the great laws of motion and gravitation; in the fifth lecture universal gravitation is applied to the explanation of the phenomena of the solar system; and the remaining five are devoted to the discovery of the new planets, the cometary worlds, the scale on which the universe is built, and the motions and revolutions of the fixed stars. These lectures were delivered before large and intelligent audiences in the cities of Boston, Brooklyn, New York, New Orleans, etc., and listened to with the deepest interest; and all who heard them must rejoice in the opportunity of possessing them in a connected and durable form.

14.-Letters from Italy. By J. T. HEADLEY. New and Revised Edition. 12mo., pp. 362. New York: Baker & Scribner.

The first edition of this work was published a year or two since, and favorably noticed in this Magazine. Since that time, "many things have occurred to give a prominence to Italian politics which they did not before possess, as well as tend to change one's views respecting the Italian people." The present edition has been revised and enlarged, but the author wisely permits his original design to remain undisturbed; and hence his first impressions appear in every page and paragraph in all their original freshness, whilst the reader is left free to draw his own conclusions. The remarks introduced into the new edition in regard to the political state of Italy, are evidently the product of the more matured mind of the author.

15.-Mary Grover, or the Trusting Wife; a Domestic Temperance Tale. By CHARLES BURDETT, author of "Arthur Martin," "The Convict's Child," "Never too Late," etc. New York: Harper & Brothers.

ton

The characters and circumstances of this narrative are drawn from real life, and we have no doubt but that many will recognize the real personage who has been introduced to the reader as Edward Grover. It is appropriately dedicated to the Hon. James Harper, a gentleman of enlarged philanthropy, who has labored long and ardently to promote the temperance cause. We think we recognize the benevolent ex-mayor in the "James Horof Mr. Burdett. It is an excellent story, and will do good. 16.-Brothers and Sisters: a Tale of Domestic Life. ess of "The Home," "President's Daughter," etc. published manuscript by MARY HOWITT. New York: This last production of Miss Bremer, the Swedish novelist, is equal to any of her former works.

By FREDERICKA BREMER, authorTranslated from the original unHarper & Brothers.

17.-The Young School Mistress. By JOSEPH ALDEN, D. D., author of the " Dying Robin," ," "Abel Gordon," "Elizabeth Benton," ," "The Lawyer's Daughter," etc. 18mo., pp. 197. New York: Harper & Brothers.

Like all the previous works from the same clever pen, this tale inculcates lessons of virtue and piety in an agreeable and attractive form. If there is but little of the transcendental in this writer, there is much plain common sense, which will suit many readers better, we suppose.

18.-The Wife and Mother's Book; being a Medical Companion to the "Young Bride's Book" containing Hints to Mothers in the Management of their Health du ring Pregnancy; in the Lying-in Room, and upon the Medical Management of their Infants and Children. By ALEXANDRE STOOKES, Surgeon, L. S. A., etc. Boston: Charles H. Peirce.

The design of this work is indicated by the title-page quoted. It was not, however, the author's object to make the young wife a quack doctor, but to give her the experience of the matron, in all matters pertaining to the production of children, and their physical development.