needed. These officials have the power "to examine into all financial affairs of every public office and officer and shall make such examination at least once every year." Thus it is proposed to keep a close watch over all financial transactions of a public nature throughout the State. In the pages of this book we have traced the evolu- Conclusion. tion of the government of Ohio, and have studied the existing organization and the functions of the governmental machinery of the State. The government, rightly administered, enables the people to make extensive material improvements, promote justice, extend protection to life and property, obtain the benefits of public education, care for the dependent, defective, and delinquent classes, control certain economic interests, conduct the finances of the State, and enjoy the blessings of freedom. Our study has been to little purpose if it has not helped to prepare us for the duties of citizenship; and we have realized but little how important has been the political development of Ohio if we have failed to learn that the people of this State had new problems to meet, and that in solving them they cleared the way for the more rapid development of the other States of the Northwest, all of which were organized at a later time. 1Ohio Laws, v. 95, p. 511; Orth, The Centralization of Administration in Ohio, 102-104; Ohio Laws, v. 97, pp. 271-274. APPENDIX A 85. CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF ΟΗΙΟ (1) THE TERRITORIAL PERIOD 1609. James I of England made a grant of land to the London Company that included most of the region north of the Ohio River. 1656. The Iroquois Indians of New York conquered the Eries. 1670. La Salle, the French explorer, discovered the Ohio River, and descended it in a canoe as far as the falls of Louisville, Ky. 1671. France took formal possession of the Northwest. 1680. The French built a military post, named Ft. Miami, near the mouth of the Maumee River. This was one of a line of forts intended to connect the Mississippi with Montreal. 1697. By the treaty of Ryswick, France laid claim to the valley of the Ohio. 1726. The Iroquois conveyed their lands in trust to England. 1748. The English established a trading post, called Pickawillany, near the site of the present city of Piqua in Miami County. 1749. De Celeron sailed down the Ohio for the purpose of establishing the French dominion over the western country. He buried leaden plates at various points inscribed with Louis XV's proclamation of sovereignty. 1751. Christopher Gist made an exploring trip for the Ohio Land Company of Virginia from the Muskingum River to Pickawillany. 1752. The French, helped by Indians, captured Pickawillany, and carried the English traders to Canada. 1754. A company of Virginians under Washington were driven from the forks of the Ohio River by the French, who built Ft. Duquesne. 1756. Outbreak of the French and Indian War. 1763. By the treaty of Paris, which concluded the French and Indian War, the English secured the disputed territory east of the Mississippi. The conspiracy of Pontiac. 1769. Virginia passed an act extending her jurisdiction over the territory north of the Ohio. 1776-1783. Border warfare between the whites and Indians in the Ohio country. 1778. George Rogers Clark, acting under a commission from Virginia, captured the British posts on the Ohio and the Wabash. Virginia established the County of Illinois, which included the whole region bounded by the Ohio, the Mississippi, and the Great Lakes. 1781. New York ceded her western claims to the United States. 1783. Great Britain recognized the independence of the United States, and yielded all her possessions south of Canada. 1784. Virginia ceded her western lands to the United States. 1785. Massachusetts ceded her western claims to the United States. In May Congress passed the Land Ordinance providing for the survey, sale, and settlement of the western lands. 1786. Connecticut ceded her western lands to the United States, except the "Western Reserve" in the Ohio country. 1787. July 13, Congress enacted the Northwest Ordinance, providing the frame of government for the Northwest Territory. The Ohio Company of New England was organized in Boston, Mass., and purchased lands at the mouth of the Muskingum River. 1787-8. Constitution of the United States framed and adopted. 1788. April 7, the first permanent English settlement in Ohio was established at Marietta on the Ohio Company's purchase. Marietta became the seat of government for the Northwest Territory. In October, John Cleves Symmes bought the lands between the Little and Great Miami rivers for settlers. Losantiville (afterwards Cincinnati) was laid out. Other settlements followed in rapid succession. General Arthur St. Clair, governor of the Northwest Territory, arrived at Marietta and inaugurated the first Territorial government of the United States. 1791. St. Clair was overwhelmingly defeated in western Ohio by the Indians. 1793. First newspaper in the Northwest appeared at Cincinnati. 1794. August 20, General Anthony Wayne broke the power of the Indians in the battle of Fallen Timbers, near the Maumee Rapids. 1795. Treaty of Greenville was signed at Greenville, in Dark County, between the United States and eleven Indian tribes, establishing an enduring peace. "Maxwell Code" adopted: it consisted of a number of laws borrowed from some of the older States and enacted by the governor and judges. Dayton laid out. Treaty with Spain opening the navigation of the Mississippi to the United States. 1796. City of Cleveland founded by General Moses Cleveland and his party, sent out by the Connecticut Land Company, which had purchased most of the Western Reserve. Chillicothe laid out. 1798. William Henry Harrison appointed Secretary of the Northwest Territory. Third Monday of December, the first Territorial legislature elected. 1799. September 16, first legislative session was begun at Cincinnati, by which William Henry Harrison was chosen delegate to Congress. 1800. Congress divided the Northwest Territory by erecting Indiana Territory, which comprised roughly the present States of Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin. Connecticut ceded the Western Reserve to the United States. 1802. April 30, Congress passed an enabling act, authorizing the call of a convention to frame a constitution for the proposed State of Ohio. Governor St. Clair removed, and Charles W. Byrd appointed Acting Governor. November 29, constitution adopted, and Chillicothe designated as State capital. (2) THE PERIOD OF STATEHOOD 1803. February 19, Congress recognized the new State by making it a United States judicial district. March 1, the first State legislature met at Chillicothe, appointed the first State officers, divided the State into judicial districts, and organized eight new counties. October 17, representatives and senators took their seats in Con gress. 1804. The Firelands and all of the Western Reserve west of the Cuyahoga, together with the lands south to Wayne's |