Abbott, Amos.-Born in Andover, Massachusetts, September 10, 1786. He was educated at a district school, but spent the most of his life as a trader and merchant. During the years 1835, 1836, and 1842, he was a Representative in the Massachusetts Legislature; and from 1840 to 1842 a member of the State Senate. He represented his native State in Congress from 1843 to 1849, and was a member of the Committees on the Militia and on Manufactures.

Abbott, Joel.-Was born in Fairfield, Connecticut, emigrated to Georgia, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Wilkes County, in that State, from 1817 to 1825, serving as a member of the Committees on Commerce and the Slave Trade. Died November 19, 1826.

Abbott, Nehemiah.-Born in Sidney, Maine, March 29, 1806. He was a lawyer by profession; was a member of the House of Representatives, in the Maine Legislature, in 1842 and 1843, and was elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions.

Abercrombie, James.-He was born in Georgia, and, removing to Alabama, was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1855.

Adair, John.-He was born in 1758, in Chester County, South Carolina; emigrated to Kentucky in 1787; served as a major in the border warfare of the time; was elected to the Kentucky Legislature, serving one year as Speaker; was a member in 1799 of the Convention which formed the State Constitution; subsequently held the office of Register of the Land Office in Kentucky; and was a Senator of the United States, from Kentucky, during the years 1805 and 1806; commanded the Kentucky troops at the battle of New Orleans, under General Jackson; and was appointed a general in the army. He was elected

a Representative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1831 to 1833, and was a mem ber of the Committee on Military Affairs. He died at Harrodsburg, May 19, 1840.

Adams, Andrew.-He was born in Stratford, Connecticut, in January, 1736; graduated at Yale College in 1760; adopted the profession of law and settled in the practice at Litchfield in 1764; from 1777 to 1782 he was a Delegate from Connecticut to the Continental Congress, and was one of the signers of the Articles of Confederation; and in 1789 he was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of Connecticut, and in 1793 Chief Justice of said Court. Died November 26, 1799.

Adams, Benjamin.-Born at Worcester, Massachusetts; was a member of the Legislature, as Representative, from 1809 to 1814, and as Senator, in 1814 and 1815; and from 1822 to 1825; and was a Representative in Congress from his native State, from 1816 to 1821, and was a member of the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions and Public Expenditures. He died at Uxbridge, Massachusetts, in April, 1837.

Adams, Charles F.-Born in Boston, August 18, 1807; spent the most of his boyhood in St. Petersburg and, London, whilst his father, John Quincy Adams, was Minister to Russia and England; he graduated at Harvard University in 1825; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1828; served three years in the Lower House, and two years in the Upper House of the Massachusetts Legislature; in 1848 he was a Delegate to the Buffalo Convention and elected President; was the candidate for Vice-President on the ticket with Mr. Van Buren; and he was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Manufactures, and as a member of the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States. He was at one time the editor of a paper called the "Boston Whig;" was a contributor

to the North American Review, and the editor of the well-known Adams Letters, and is the author of the standard Biography of his grandfather, John Adams. Reelected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but was appointed by President Lincoln Minister to England in 1861. In 1864 the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Harvard University.

Adams, Green.-Born in Barboursville, Knox County, Kentucky, August 20, 1812; was bred a farmer, but read law and adopted that profession; in 1832 and 1833 he was Deputy Sheriff of Knox County; in 1839, he was elected to the State Legislature, and re-elected; he was a Representative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1847 to 1849, and was a member of the Committee on Engraving. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1844 and 1856, and a Judge of the Circuit Court of Kentucky from 1851 to 1856. In 1859 he was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. In 1861 he was appointed by President Lincoln Sixth Auditor of the Treasury.

Adams, John.-Born at Braintree, Massachusetts, October 30, 1735; graduated at Harvard University in 1755; instructed a class of scholars in Latin and Greek for a subsistence; studied law, and having been admitted to the bar, settled at Quincy to practice his profession. As a member of the Continental Congress, from 1774 to 1777, he was among the formost in recommending an independent Government. In 1777, he was chosen Commissioner to the Court of Versailles. On his return he was chosen a member of the Convention called to prepare a form of government for Massachusetts. In September, 1779, he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to negotiate a peace, and had authority to form a commercial treaty with Great Britain. In June, 1780, he was appointed Ambassador to Holland; and, in 1782, he went to Paris to engage in the negotiation for peace, having previously obtained assurance that Great Britain would recognize the independence of the United States. After serving on two or three commissions to form treaties of amity and commerce with foreign powers, in 1785 he was appointed first Minister to London; and, in 1788, having been absent nine years, he returned to America. In March, 1789, the new Constitution of the United States went into operation, and he became the first Vice-President, which office he held during the whole of Washington's admin

istration. On the resignation of Washington, he became, March 4, 1797, President of the United States. This was the termination of his public functions; and he spent the remainder of his days upon his farm in Quincy, occupying himself with agriculture, and obtaining amusement from the literature and politics of the day. He died on the fourth of July, 1826, with the same words on his lips which, fifty years before, on that day, he had uttered on the floor of Congress: "Independence forever!" His principal publications are, "Letters on the American Revolution," "Defence of the American Constitution," an Essay on Canon and Federal Laws," a series of letters under the signature of Novanglus, and Discourses on Davila. It was as Vice-President that he had a seat in the Senate. In 1856 his life and writings were published, in ten volumes, edited by his grandson, C. F. Adams.

Adams, John.-He was a Representative in Congress, from Greene County, New York, from 1833 to 1835, and was a member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. He died at Catskill, New York, September 28, 1854.

Adams, John Quincy.-Born in Braintree, now Quincy, Mass., July 11, 1767. When ten years of age, he accompanied his father to France; and when fifteen, was private secretary to the American Minister in Russia. He was graduated at Harvard University in 1787; studied law in Newburyport, and settled in Boston. From 1794 to 1801 he was American Minister to Holland, England, Sweden, and Prussia. He was a Senator in Congress from 1803 to 1808; Professor of Rhetoric in Harvard University, with limited duties, from 1806 to 1808; was appointed, in 1809, Minister to Russia; assisted in negotiating the Treaty of Ghent, in 1814; and assisted, also, as Minister, at the Convention of Commerce with Great Britain, in 1815. He was Secretary of State under President Monroe; and was chosen President of the United States in 1825, serving one term. In 1831 he was elected a Representative in Congress, and continued in that position until his death, which occurred in the Speaker's room, two days after falling from his seat in the House of Representatives, February 23, 1848. His last words were: "This is the end of earth; I am content." He was chairman of several of the most important committees, and always a working member of the House. He published "Letters on Silesia," "Lectures on Rhetoric and Oratory," and various

"Poems," besides many occasional letters and speeches. His unpublished writings, it is said, would make many volumes.

Adams, Parmenio.-He was born in Hartford, Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress from Batavia, Genesee County, New York, from 1823 to 1827.

Adams, Robert H.-He was a Senator in Congress, by appointment, from Mississippi, from January to May, in 1830, and died on the second day of July following.

Adams, Samuel.-Born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1722; graduated at Harvard University in 1740; was one of the first who organized measures of resistance to the mother country; was a signer of the Declaration of Independence; was a Delegate from Massachusetts to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1782; signed the Articles of Confederation; was a member of the Massachusetts Convention which accepted the Federal Constitution; and, on the adoption of the State Constitution, he was elected President of the Senate. He was Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts from 1789 to 1794, and subsequently Governor until 1797; and he died October 3, 1803.

Adams, Stephen.-He was a native of Franklin County, Pennsylvania, and had been a member of the Senate of that State. Removing to Mississippi, he took an active part in public affairs; was a member of the State Legislature, and a Representative in Congress, from 1845 to 1847; he was elected Judge of the Circuit Court, and from 1852 to 1857 was a Senator in Congress from Mississippi, serving on several committees. He removed to Tennessee with the intention of practicing law at Memphis, where he died, May 11, 1857.

Adams, Thomas.-He was a Delegate from Virginia to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1780, and signed the Articles of Confederation.

Addams, William.-He was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from PennsylVania from 1825 to 1829, and served on a Committee for the Deaf and Dumb Institutions of New York and Ohio. He was, also, Auditor of Berks County, Pennsylvania, in 1813 and 1814; Commissioner of the County from 1814 to 1817; member of the State Legislature from 1822 to 1824; and Associate Judge of Berks County from 1839 to 1842. Died in the spring of 1855.

Adgate, Asa.-He was a Representative in the Legislature of New York from Clinton County, from 1798 to 1799, and elected Representative in Congress from Essex County, in that State, from 1815 to 1817, and was again a member of the Legislature in 1823.

Adrain, Garnett B.-Born in the city of New York, December 20, 1816. He graduated at Rutgers College, New Jersey, in 1833; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1837; and was a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress from New Jersey, serving as Chairman of the Com. mittee on Engraving. He was also elected a member of the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Engraving. In January, 1861, he offered the resolution of thanks to Major Robert Anderson for his defence of Fort Sumter. After leaving Congress he was devoted to his profession.

Ahl, John A.-He was born in Stansbury, Franklin County, Pennsylvania, in August, 1815; received a good English education; studied medicine with his father, and graduated at the "Washington Medical College" of Baltimore. He abandoned his profession in 1850, and turned his attention to various kinds of manufactures, and was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Manufactures.

Aiken, William.-He was born in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1806; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1825; was a member of the State Legisla ture in 1838, 1840, and 1842; was Governor of South Carolina in 1844; and a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1857. He was considered one of the most successful rice planters in his native State.

Akers, Thomas Peter.-He was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-fourth Congress for the unexpired term of J. G. Miller, and served one ses sion.

Albertson, Nathaniel.-He was born in Virginia, and was elected a Representative in Congress from the First Congressional District of Indiana, from 1849 to 1851, and was a member of the Committee on Public Lands.

Albright, Charles J.-He was born in Pennsylvania, and was elected from the

State of Ohio a Representative to the Thirty-fourth Congress.

Aldrich, Cyrus.-Born in Smithfield, Rhode Island, in June, 1808; received a common school education; has followed the various occupations of a sailor, a boatman, a farmer, a contractor on public works, and a mail contractor; was a member of the Illinois Legislature; also a Register of Deeds and Register of the Land Office at Dixon, in that State, for four years; and, having removed to Minnesota, was a member of the Constitutional Convention of that State; member of the County Board of Hampshire County, in that State; and was elected a Representative from Minnesota to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Agriculture. Re-elected to the Thirtyseventh Congress, and was Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs. After leaving Congress he was appointed by President Lincoln a commissioner to settle claims against the Sioux Indians.

Alexander, Adam R.-He was born in Washington County, Virginia, and was elected a Representative in Congress from Madison County, Tennessee. from 1823 to 1827, and served as a member of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads.

Alexander, Evan.-Born in North Carolina; graduated at Princeton College in 1787; was a member of the Legislature for two years; and a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1805 to 1809. Died October 28, 1809.

Alexander, Henry P.-He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress from Herkimer County, in that State, from 1849 to 1851, and was a member of the Committee on Expenditures in the State Department.

Alexander, James, Jr.-He was born in Maryland; was a resident of St. Clairsville, Belmont County. Ohio, and elected a Representative in Congress from the Eleventh District in that State, from 1837 to 1839, and was a member of the Committee on Public Expenditures. Died August 6, 1846.

Alexander, John.-He was elected a Representative in Congress from Ohio, May 4, 1813, serving till 1817.

Alexander, Mark.-He was born in Mecklenburg County, Virginia, and elected a Representative in Congress from that

State, from 1819 to 1833, and served on the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions, Ways and Means, and Expenditures in the State Department, and the District of Columbia.

Alexander, Nathaniel-Graduated at Princeton College in 1776, and, after studying medicine, entered the army. At the close of the war he resided at the High Hills of Santee, pursuing his profession, and afterwards at Mecklenburg. While he held a seat in Congress, as a Representative from North Carolina, from 1803 to 1805, the Legislature elected him Governor for 1806. He died at Salisbury, March 8, 1808, aged fifty-two. In all his public stations he is said to have discharged his duty with ability and firmness.

Alexander, Robert.-He was a Delegate from Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1777.

Alford, Julius C.-He was born in Georgia, and was elected a Representative in Congress from Troup County, in that State, from 1839 to 1842, and served as a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs.

Allen, Andrew.-He was a Delegate from Pennsylvania to the Continental Congres in 1775 to 1776.

Allen, Charles.-He was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, August 9, 1797, and was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1853, and a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia. He was also a member of the State Legislature in 1829, 1833, 1834, 1833, and 1840; and a State Senator in 1835, 1838, and 1839; Judge of the Court of Common Pleas from 1842 to 1844; Chief Justice of the Superior Court from 1858 to 1859; member of the State Constitutional Conventions of 1848, 1853, and 1859; and a Commissioner to negotiate the Webster Treaty in 1842. He was also a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861.

Allen, Chilton.-He was born in Albe marle County, Virginia, April 6, 1786, and settled in Kentucky as a wheelright. He educated himself for the legal profession from Clark County was elected in 1811 to the Legislature of Kentucky for several terms; and he was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1831 to 1837, officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Territories, and a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. In 1838 he was President of the Board of Internal Im

provement; and in 1842 he was again returned to the State Legislature, which was the last public position he occupied. He died at Winchester, September 3, 1858. He was a man of ability and of rare virtues.

was

Allen, Elisha H.-Born in New Salem, Massachusetts, January 28, 1804; bred a lawyer; served in the Legislature of Maine from 1836 to 1841, and in 1846; in 1838 as Speaker; and was elected a Representative in Congress from Maine, from 1841 to 1843, serving as a member of the Committee on Manufactures. In 1847 he removed to Boston, and was elected to the Massachusetts Legislature in 1849; after which he was appointed Consul to Honolulu, and has since that time been connected with the Government of the Sandwich Islands. In 1856 he visited the United States as Envoy; and in 1857 was Chief Justice and Chancellor of the Sandwich Islands, serving until 1864.

Allen, Heman.-He was born in 1776; was a resident, if not a native, of Milton, Vermont; adopted the profession of law, in which he became distinguished; and was a Representative in Congress from Vermont, from 1833 to 1839, serving as an active member of the Committe on Claims. He subsequently settled in Burlington, Vermont, where he died December 11, 1844.

Allen, Heman.-He was born in 1779, and a resident of Colchester, Vermont; he graduated at Dartmouth College in 1795, and adopted the profession of law. He was Sheriff of Chittenden County in 1808 and 1809; from 1811 to 1814 he was Chief Justice of the Chittenden County Court; from 1812 to 1817 he was an active member of the State Legislature; was appointed quartermaster of militia, with the title of brigadier; and was a trustee of the University of Vermont. He was first elected a Representative in Congress from Vermont in 1817, but resigned in 1818 to accept from President Monroe the appointment of United States Marshal for the District of Vermont. In 1823 he received from the same President the appointment of Minister to Chili, which he resigned in 1828; in 1830 he was appointed President of the United States Branch Bank, at Burlington, which he held until the expiration of its charter, after which he settled in the town of Highgate, Vermont, where he died of heart disease, April 9, 1852.

Allen, James C.-He was born in Shelby County, Kentucky, January 28, 1823; received a good common school education,

studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Indiana in 1843; in 1846 was elected, for two years, Prosecuting Attorney in the Seventh Judicial District of Indiana; and, having removed to Illinois in 1848, was elected a member, in 1850 and 1851, of the State Legislature, and was chosen a Representative in Congress from Illinois, from 1853 to 1855, and re-elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress, when his seat was contested unsuccessfully. He was chosen Clerk of the House of Representatives for the Thirty-fifth Congress, and in 1862 he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress as a Representative, serving on the Committees of Indian Affairs and Unfinished Business.

Allen, John.-Born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, in 1763; was a lawyer by profession, and a member of the State Council of Connecticut for several years; was a representative from that State during the last Congress which was held in Philadelphia, from 1797 to 1799. He died at Litchfield, Connecticut, July 31, 1812.

Allen, John J.-He was born in Virginia, was a resident of Harrison County, and was elected a representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1833 to 1835, and served as a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia. He subsequently held the office of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia.

Allen, John W.-Born in Litchfield, Connecticut, in 1802; settled in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1825, and was a member of the Senate of that State from 1835 to 1837, also Mayor of Cleveland; and was elected a Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1841, serving as a member of the Committee on the Militia and Military Affairs. He was the son of John Allen, of Great Barrington, Massachusetts.

Allen, Joseph.-He was born in Boston; was a merchant in Leicester, and benefactor of the Academy there; twice Elector for President; was a Clerk of the County Court and a State Councillor; and a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1811 to 1813. He died at Worcester, September 2, 1827, aged seventy-eight years.

Allen, Judson.-He was born in Connecticut, and removing to New York was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841, and was a member of the Committee on Mileage.