the divine nature of kingship, Montesquieu on the three powers of government, the Declaration of the Rights of Man, and many other aptly chosen decrees of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic period. A still larger number of the readings are of the interesting and lively kind, which charm and entertain, and which are valuable because they give the flavor of the olden times-Madame de Sévigné's story of how a chef committed suicide from chagrin because the roast did not quite go round and the fish was late when Louis XIV. was dining; Frederick the Great's wonderful marginalia; and delightful excerpts from SaintSimon, Voltaire, Rousseau, Arthur Young, Thomas Jefferson and the Mercy-Argenteau correspondence. In the case of Frederick's stirring harangue before Leuthen the prefatory note, with which the authors introduce each reading, ought perhaps to indicate that this somewhat apocryphal Retzow version did not appear until more than forty years after the event and is largely concocted from the memoirs of Tempelhoff and Kaltenborn. A few of the selections seem scarcely worth while; the ex parte views of individuals on several wars and the deceitful proclamations on the partitions of Poland are not particularly valuable, and are likely to leave the student with a very false idea of the true motives and facts.

At the end of the volume is a bibliography of twenty well-packed pages. This is no mere list of unappreciated titles, but an excellent critical classification which guides the student quickly on to the fundamental works.

SIDNEY B. FAY.

The Constitutions and Other Select Documents illustrative of the History of France, 1789-1907. By Frank Maloy Anderson, Professor of History in the University of Minnesota. Second edition, revised and enlarged. (Minneapolis,, H. W. Wilson Company, 1908, pp. xxvii, 693.) The first edition of this very useful source-book appeared in 1904. The principal difference between that and this is in details. Among the few documents added, the most important and most numerous relate to the very recent conflict between the French government and the Vatican. The translations have been worked over and numerous minor changes have been made. Some additional references have been inserted. The original pagination has been preserved as far as possible, so that references to the first edition will usually be found on the corresponding or the next page of this.

No work of this kind could be beyond criticism; but this perhaps approaches perfection as nearly as could be expected. All documents included are important. Some fault might be found with the proportion of the volume. About one-third is devoted to the six years from 1789 to 1795, another third to the twenty years from 1795 to 1815, and the remaining third to the century since 1815. A few periods of large importance are almost entirely ignored. For example, only six

pages are devoted to the period from 1816 to 1829. Only one document, covering about half a page, falls between the middle of 1830 and the beginning of 1848. Revolutions are not made in a moment. The preparatory steps, though not so exciting, are as interesting as the more spectacular acts of the period of violence, and often more important. Few students of the period, however, would be willing to have these faults, if indeed they be considered faults, corrected by omitting any considerable number of documents given.

NOTES AND NEWS

GENERAL

John Boyd Thacher, author of The Continent of America: Its Discovery and its Baptisms, of The Cabotian Discovery, of Christopher Columbus: His Life, His Work, His Remains, and of other works, died in Albany on February 25, at the age of sixty-one.

Professors Gross and Haskins will be absent from Harvard University during the second half-year, spending the period in Europe. The absence of the former is due to recent illness. His place is supplied by Dr. Charles L. Wells of New Orleans, formerly professor in the University of Minnesota.

Professor Herbert E. Bolton of the University of Texas has accepted an appointment as professor of American history in the Leland Stanford Junior University, and begins work there in October. Dr. Edward B. Krehbiel of the University of Chicago goes there at the same time as associate professor of modern history. Dr. Krehbiel's Adams Prize essay on the Interdict under Innocent III. will soon be in the hands of the printer, for publication as the first of the American Historical Association's new series of prize essays.

Professor Ernst Daenell of the University of Kiel is spending some months in Washington, engaged in preparations for the writing of a history of the United States in the series of Allgemeine Staatengeschichte edited by Professor Lamprecht.

An international congress of archivists and librarians will be held at Brussels in 1910. Reports on various questions will, so far as possible, be printed and distributed in proof before the opening of the congress. The committee of organization is as follows: president, M. A. Gaillard, archivist general of the kingdom; vice-president, Father Van den Gheyn, conservator of manuscripts at the Royal Library of Belgium; secretary, M. L. Stainer, adjunct-conservator at the Royal Library; treasurer, M. H. Van der Haege, chief of section in the general archives of the kingdom.

Mr. N. W. Thomas has issued his second annual Bibliography of Anthropology and Folk Lore (London, Nutt, 1908, pp. 74), containing titles of works published within the British Empire during 1907. The entries number 874.

The Historisch-Pädagogischer Literatur-Bericht for 1907 (Berlin, Hofmann, 1908, pp. vi, 248) has been published as the seventeenth

Beiheft of the Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Deutsche Erziehungsund Schulgeschichte.

Dr. G. F. Black of the New York Public Library has issued a provisional Bibliography of the Gypsies, printed privately for the members of the Gypsy Lore Society, 6 Hope Place, Liverpool (1909, pp. 139), and distributed in order that those interested may aid in making the work as complete as possible by reporting errors and omissions.

M. Salomon Reinach of the French Academy has published an extensive work entitled Orphéus, Histoire Générale des Religions (Paris, Champion, 1909, pp. 650).

Henry Charles Lea's Historical Writings (New York, J. F. Wagner) is an inquiry into their method and merit by Dr. Paul Maria Baumgarten.

A Syllabus on Historical Geography, by Mr. Don E. Smith of the University of California (Berkeley, University Press, 1908, pp. 47), is intended for beginners in this field. An introductory bibliographical note is followed by syllabi of fifteen topics-relation of man to geographical environment; physiography of Europe; ethnography of Europe; the earliest civilized lands; Alexander's empire, etc.

The Library of Congress has issued a List of References on International Arbitration (pp. 151), compiled under the direction of Mr. A. P. C. Griffin.

Noteworthy articles in periodicals: W.-M. Kozlowski, L' Idée d'une Philosophie Sociale comme Synthèse des Sciences Historiques et Sociales (Revue de Synthèse Historique, October).

ANCIENT HISTORY

Under the title Classification Paléthnologique (Paris, Schleicher, 1908, pp. 60), M. A. de Mortillet gives a short résumé of the classification of the great stages in the development of prehistoric civilization in Europe, especially in the West, accompanied by figures of objects typical of each stage.

R. R. Marett's The Threshold of Religion (London, Methuen, pp. xix, 173), contains five studies in comparative religion reprinted from Folk-Lore and elsewhere.

M. J. Toutain's Etudes de Mythologie et d'Histoire des Religions Antiques (Paris, Hachette) contains critical papers which have appeared in periodical publications and books of reference, here grouped into three sections-general papers and questions of method; Greek mythology and religion; and the mythology and religion of Rome and the Roman world.

Au Temps des Pharaons (Paris, Colin) by A. Moret, adjunct conservator of the Musée Guimet, treats of the restoration of the Egyp

tian temples, Pharaonic diplomacy, Egypt before the Pyramids, the Book of the Dead, Magic in Ancient Egypt, and "Autour des Pyramides ".

The University of Chicago Press has published the first part, with two maps, of Researches in Assyrian and Babylonian Geography (Chicago, 1909, pp. 59).

Professor J. P. Mahaffy is publishing through Putnams the Lowell lectures delivered by him in 1908-1909, which have been brought together into a volume entitled What Have the Greeks Done for Civilization?

The first half of the second volume of Julius Kaerst's Geschichte des Hellenistischen Zeitalters (Leipzig, Teubner, pp. xii, 430), continues the historical narrative to the battle of Ipsus. The principal part of the book, however, is a detailed description of Hellenistic culture and of the Hellenistic state, wherein it is attempted to make clear the essence of Hellenism in its various manifestations.

In the first fascicle of the seventeenth volume of the transactions of the Reale Accademia dei Lincei, session of January 19, 1908 (Rome, Salviucci, 1908, pp. 1-38), Professor Ettore Pais discusses the value as an historical source of the Fasti of the ancient Roman republic.

The first number has appeared of the quarterly Studi Storici per l'Antichità Classica (Pisa, Enrico Spoerri), edited by Professor Pais, the intended publication of which has been noted in these pages (XIII. 401). It contains, besides reviews and notices, the following articles: I Duci dei Sanniti nelle Guerre contro Romo, by G. Beloch; La così detta Retra di Licurgo, by G. Niccolini; Sulla Cronologia della Prima Guerra Macedonica, I., by V. Costanzi; Antifonte? by G. Pasquali: Delle Guerre dei Romani coi Liguri per la Conquista del Territorio LunesePisano, by A. Solari; L'Autobiografia ed il Processo "Repetundarum" di P. Rutilio Rufo, I., II., by E. Pais.

The Macmillan Company announces for publication during the spring a work by Professor G. W. Botsford on The Roman Assemblies.

Professor Guglielmo Ferrero's Lowell lectures, 1908, are being published by Putnams under the title Characters and Events of Roman History. The topics considered are: Corruption in Roman History; History and Legend of Antony and Cleopatra; Roman Conquest of Gaul; Julia and Tiberius; Wine in Roman History; Nero; Roman History and Modern Education.

In E. H. Parker's work, Ancient China Simplified (London, Chapman and Hall), the author, who is professor of Chinese in the Victoria University of Manchester, describes conditions in China during several centuries following the middle of the ninth century B. C., when, as he believes, the historical life of China began.

Noteworthy articles in periodicals: G. B. Grundy, Herodotus the