invested, and accounts received that a certain Livingston1 with the inhabitants of Sorelle had joined the rebells, on which the Generals & put their papers and baggage on board of vessells in the River. The Rebells had now over ran all the country, and were in many places joyned by the perfidious Canadians. The Indians thus without prospect of aid, began to provide for their own security, after complaining bitterly of the disapointment of their hopes of succours, and on the 25,h Col. Ethan Allan cross'd to the Island of Montreal and with a party of about 140 partly Canadians, began his march for that city, when he was opposed by a small [party] of the 26,h regiment, some voluntiers and thirty Officers Rangers and Indians of the Indian Department; the latter of whom fortunately falling on the flank were Allan was, he delivered up his sword and surrendered to one of Col. Johnson's Officers, who with his party took the most of those made prisoners. On the 27th Col. Johnson renewed his application to General Carleton for marching a body of men, in which case he could still get many of the neighbouring Indians to cooperate; to which the General answered verbally (by the Secretary of Indian Affairs) that he hoped affairs were taking a more favourable turn, and that he should very soon be able to form a better judgment. From this time to October 12tk every art and means was used to assemble the Canadians and several came in, were cloathed and armed, and afterwards joyned the enemy. Finding therefore the season so far advanced, the Indians allmost all withdrew discontented, unwilling to credit any farther promises of aid; that those that remained earnestly sollicited for troops to be sent out and that Col. Johnson should procure them the redress of sundry greivances they had often represented, and also having at the same time received Dispatches from the Secretary of State directing that their several grievances should be immediately laid before the King; finding likewise that Major Campbells powers as Agent for Canada must occasion some difficultys that would effectually obstruct the service, Col. Johnson signified his intentions to go to England, get these points in some measure adjusted before the Indians from their respective Nations could take the field next year. In which resolution he was confirmed by the Indians, who deputed a faithfull young Chief to accompany him, and having posted his officers as such places as they might be most usefull to preserve the fidelity of the Indians, with proper instructions, he proceeded for Quebec, from whence he sailed for England the ll,h of November.

The foregoing is a brief Abstract from the minutes of Indian Affairs, and may serve to give a general sketch of his conduct and success the last campain, tho' labouring under every circumstance of disadvantage; but the points necessary to be inquired into and regulated, on which the future good conduct of those hitherto faithfull people must depend, and the reasonableness and propriety of Col. Johnson's proceedings, will appear from the annexed state, which is honestly and impartially submitted.

London Janꞌ 26th 1776.

A true Copy of Extracts from the Indian Records

JOSEPH CHEW, Sec: of Ind" Affairs.

1 Colonel James Livingston was the son of John L. and Catharine Ten Broeck of Montreal, where James married Miss Elizabeth Simpson. Possessing some influence among the Canadians, he raised the standard of the American Congress in Canada, and with a body of those men seized Fort Chambly, its entire garrison and stores, and afterwards accompanied Montgomery to Quebec. On the failure of the expedition Col. Livingston returned to New-York, and in 1776 his men were incorporated by Congress into a regiment called the Canadian Battalion. He was at the battle of Stillwater in 1779; in 1780 was quartered in the Highlands, and in January, 1781, his regiment was reduced. — ED.

No 29. Duplicate.

My Lord,

Governor Tryon to the Earl of Dartmouth.

[New.York Papers (8. P. O.) CLXV1II., No. 29. ]

Ship Dutchess of Gordon

Off New York. 7th Feb 1776.

The loyal Inhabitants of this Province have experienced a variety of injuries and insults since my despatch of the 5lh of JanT (N° 28). The latter end of last month twelve hundred men from New Jersey, under the command of Col° Hard went over to Long Island, and after ten days marauding disarmed upwards of six hundred inhabitants of Queen's County, and took seventeen of the principal gentlemen prisoners, who have since been marched under guard to Philadelphia.

The same manœuvre has been practiced by Gen1 Schuyler at the end of near four thousand armed mob: He marched to Johnson Hall the 24th of last month, where Sr John had mustered near Six hundred men, from his Tenants and neighbours, the majority highlanders, after disarming them and taking four pieces of artillery, ammunition and many Prisoners, with 360 Guineas from Sr John's Desk, they compelled him to enter into a Bond in 1600 pound Sterling, not to aid the King's Service, or to remove within a limited district from his house: Such, My Lord, is the degrading situation of His Majesty's faithfull Subjects in this Colony. The Rebels have been active in disarming other parts of the Colony, and this plan was grounded upon a Recommendation of the Provincial Congress here to the Continental Congress, to send Troops from other parts to the Delinquents of this Country, as will be seen by the copy of their letter among the enclosures.

I am happy to have an opportunity to communicate to Your Lordship the victory obtained by General Carlton over the rebel forces before Quebec the 31st Decr last, in which action their Commander General Montgomery was slain.

General Wooster's letter from Montreal to Warner and an account Major Skene sent me are the best accounts received of that fortunate event, wherein I am informed but three men of Arnold's party (consisting of Eight Hundred) escaped, being either killed or taken prisoners. Accounts were received yesterday from Canada (I can't learn the date) which mention that General Carlton had sent out partys into the Country, and taken many of the Canadian

Rebels who had been tried and convicted, and Twenty two hanged. It is generally beleived the Provincials have entirely evacuated Canada; some detachments however have left Philadelphia, New England, and the Green Mountain Boys to reinforce the Debris of the Provincial Army in that Country.

By late Secret Intelligence from the Northward and as far Westward as Detroit, I have the agreeable information that the Indians are firmly attached to the King's interest. The Indians have chosen Peter Johnson, the natural son of Sr Wm Johnson (by an Indian Woman) to be their Chief. He is intrepid and active, and took with his own hand Eathan Allen in a barn, after his detachment was routed near Montreal.

The Indian Department demands all possible attention and a Commission of General to Peter would be politic. To fix and retain the Indians, by very liberal presents & encouragement will be of the highest importance to the King's service at this Crisis. Presents sent to them by way of Quebec will be the most certain channel, and an Assortment sent to this Port will also be very expedient to be sent up to Albany, as soon as the Troops arrive in this Colony. I am assured the Indian Nations will make a powerfull diversion on the Borders of the Lake very early this Spring, cut off all Parties going to reinforce the enemy, and probably seize all the Vessels, Battaus, and Row Gallys before they are liberated from the ice, and then join General Carlton in Canada, or come down to Albany as occasion may require.

This, My Lord, is the Plan of Operations for the Indians and I expect it will be executed and succeed. The enclosures relative to Canada transactions here with transmitted will farther explain to Your Lordship the happy restoration of his Majesty's affairs in that Government.

I am with all possible respect and esteem, My Lord, Your Lordship's most ob'

With the greatest distress of mind, I now sit down to inform you of the event of an unfortunate attack made upon Quebec, between the hours of 4 & 6 of the morning of the 31" Decembr last. Unfortunate indeed for in it fell our brave General Montgomery, his Aid de Camp M'Pherson, Captain Cheeseman, Capt Hendrick of the Rifle Men, & two or three Subaltern Officers, & between sixty and a hundred Privates, the number not certainly known, & about three hundred Officers and Soldiers made prisoners. Amongst which is Lieut. Col Green, Major Bigelow, Major Miggs, & a number of Captains and inferior Officers.

Col. Arnold was wounded in the leg in the beginning of the action, as was Major Ogden in the shoulder, and brought off to the general hospital. I have not time to give you all the particulars, but this much will shew you that in consequence of this defeat our present prospect in this Country is rendered very dubious, & unless we can be quickly reinforced, perhaps they

may be fatal, not only to us, who are stationed here, but also to the Colonies in general. As in my Opinion the safety of the Colonies, especially the Frontiers, greatly, very greatly, depends, upon keeping possession of this Country.

You know as well as any man the temper, disposition & character of the Canadians. That they are not to be depended upon, but, like the Savages, are very fond of chuseing the strongest party. Add to this, our enemies in this country, of which there are many, they use every method to excite the Canadians against us; Among other things they tell them the United Colonies intend to abandon this country, the clergy refuse absolution to all who have shewn themselves our friends, and preach damnation to all those who will not take up arms, against us, & tell them that even now it is not too late, that we are but a handfull of Men, &c &c.

I have sent an express to Gen1 Schuyler, Gen1 Washington & the Congress, but you know how far they have to go, & that it is very uncertain how long it will be before we can have relief from them. You, Sir, and the valiant green Mountain Corps, are in Our neighbourhood, You all have arms, and, I am confident, ever stand ready to lend a helping hand to Your bretheren in distress.

I am sensible there was some disagreement between General Montgomery1 and you. Poor man he lost his life in fighting valiantly for his Country. But why do I mention anything

1

Major-General Richard Montoomkbt was the youngest son of Thomas M., M. P. for Lifford, and brother-in-law of Charles, 4th Viscount Ranelagh. He was born on the 2d December, 1736, at Convoy House, his father's seat, near Raphoe, county of Donegal, Ireland; received his education at Trinity college, Dublin; entered the army as Ensign in the 17th regiment of Foot, on the 21st August, 1766, and landed at Halifax with that regiment on the 3d of June, 1757. In the following year he served under Wolfe at the siege of Louisbourg, and with such distinction, that he was immediately promoted to a Lieutenancy, 10 July, 1758. After the fall of that place, the 17th regiment formed part of the forces sent in 1769, with Amherst, to reduce the French forts on Lake Champlain, and Montgomery became Adjutant of his regiment on the 15lh of May, 1760, in which year it formed part of the army that advanced from Lake Champlain against Montreal, under the command of Colonel Haviland. He served in the West Indies in 1762, on the 6th of May of which year he was promoted to be Captain. After returning to New-York he went back to Ireland in 1767. Captain Montgomery retired from the service in 1772, and returned to America in January, 1773; in July following he married Janet, the daughter of Justice Livingston (tupra, p. 192,) and settled at Rhinebeck, Dutchess Co., N. Y., where he devoted himself to agricultural pursuits. In April, 1775, he waa elected one of the delegates from his county to the first Provincial Congress at New-York, and in June following was appointed Brigadier-General by the Continental Congress. He at once obeyed the will of an oppressed people, compelled to choose between liberty and slavery," and set out at the head of an expedition against Canada. After reducing St. Johns, Chambly and Montreal, he effected a junction with Arnold before the walls of Quebec, where he gloriously fell at the head of his men on the 31st December, 1775, in the 40th year of his age, having been shot through both his thighs and through his head. In person, General Montgomery was tall and slender, well limbed, of genteel, graceful, manly address, and possessed the voluntary love and confidence of the whole, army. On receiving intelligence of bis death. Congress voted a monument to his memory, and in 1818 his remain! were taken up and conveyed to New-York, where they were deposited with the highest honors in St. Paul's Church. Army Li'ti; Armttrong't Life of Montgomery in Sparkt' Ameriean Biography, I. Most writers who have noticed the life of this brave man, have represented that he accompanied Wolfe to Quebec. M. Garneau goes farther: Having stated ( Histoire du Canada, 2d ed., t. II., 807) that "a detachment of 300 men, sent under the orders of Captain Montgomery, to St. Joachim, where some farmers took up a defensive position, had committed the grossest cruelties there, and massacred the prisoners in cold blood and in a most barbarous manner"; and having given, in note, the words of his authority: "All of whom (the prisoners) the barbarous Captain Montgomery who commanded, ordered to be butchered in a most inhuman and cruel manner;" he adds in another note, at p. 429 of the same volume, when speaking of the invasion of Canada by General Montgomery, in 1775, "Ce dernier etait le mime Montgomery qui servait dans l'arm&e du General Wolfe in 1759, et qui commandait le detachement Anglais envoye pour brûler St. Joachim."—"This latter was the same Montgomery who was serving in General Wolfe's army in 1759, and who was in command of the English detachment sent to burn St. Joachim." The injustice of this charge will be remarked at once when it is known: 1st. that' Richard Montgomery was not a Captain in 1759; 2dly. That he was not at Quebec in Wolfe's time. Manuteript in the Library of the New-York Historical Society; Dunlap't Hittory of New York, IL, 17; Armitrong, mi tupra. — Ed.

about disagreement to you. 1 know private resentment cannot prevent your exerting every faculty to vindicate the rights and priviledges for which we are so nobly contending.

Therefore let me beg of you to collect as many men as you can. Five, or Six, or Seven hundred if it can be done, and some how or other get into this country, & stay with us till we can have relief from the Colonies.

You are sensible we have provisions here in abundance and the weather in this Country I assure you, is far, very far, from being so frightfull as many have imagined. You'l see that proper Officers are appointed under you & both Officers and soldiers shall be paid as other Continental Troops are. It will be well for Your men to set out as soon as they can be collected. It is not so much matter whether together or not, but let them be sent by Tens, Twentys, Thirtys, Fortys, or Fifty's as they can be collected, for it must have a good effect ou the minds of the Canadians, to see Succours coming on.

You will be good enough to send copies of this letter, or such part of it as you think proper, to the people below you; I can't but think our Friends will push for this Country. I am confident you will not disappoint my most fervent wish and expectation of seeing you here with your men, in a very short time.

Now is the time to distinguish Yourselves, & obtain the united applauses of your very gratefull countrymen, & of Your distressed Friends in Canada, & of Your sincere friend

General Clinton arrived in this Harbour in the Mercury the fourth Ins' with much satisfaction I communicated to him every circumstance of a public nature that has come to my knowledge,

1

Major-General David Woobteu was born in Stratford, Conn., in 1711, and graduated at Yale College in 1738. On the breaking out of the Spanish war in 1739, he was appointed Captain of an armed vessel fitted out by the Colony for the protection of the coast, and in 1745 served as Captain in Col. Burr's regiment at the siege of Louisbourg, on which occasion he was taken prisoner and sent to France. Whtn released, he passed over to England and was rewarded with a commission of Captain in the 51st or Sir Wm, Pepperell's regiment, and went on half pay in 1748, when that regiment was broke. On the renewal of the war with France in 1755, he was appointed Colonel of a Provincial regiment, in which capacity he served under Amherst in 1759, 60, and when peace was concluded, returned to private life. He received half pay as Captain in Pepperell's regiment until 1774, when his name was stricken off the roll. In the following year he was elected BrigadierGeneral in the Continental service, and served in Canada in the unfortunate campaign of 1775, 6. He soon after resigned his commission and was appointed first Major-General of the Connecticut Militia, when he directed his attention to securing that State against the enemy. Whilst opposing a detachment of British troops sent to destroy the public stores at Danbury, he was mortally wounded on the 27th April, and expired on the 2d May, 1777, aged 66 years, leaving behind him the character of a brave and good officer, an ardent patriot, and an honest, benevolent and virtuous citizen. Barbtr'i Coniueticui Historical Cclltctions, 407. - ED.