from this prison than that of the year ending Nov. 30, 1859. There were then 422 convicts in the prison, and the average of the year had been 431. Of those in the prison, Dec. 1, 1859, 185 were convicted of theft, and 54 for horse-stealing, burglary, arson, and other crimes against property, 8 for murder in the first degree, 35 for murder in the second degree, and 44 for other crimes against the person; 395 were for the first time in a convict prison, 20 for a second time, and 7 for repeated recommitments, making in all 27 recommitted; 305 were Americans, of whom 139 were colored; 117 were foreigners, including 68 Germans, 32 Irish, 11 English. The expenditure for the prison is about $50,000 per annum, and in 1861, $28,000 of this amount was drawn from the State Treasury. The prison is on the Auburn or congregated plan, and the prisoners are employed in spinning, weaving, &c., or are hired out to contractors. The prison does not seem to be well managed, and the buildings are badly adapted, if not entirely unfit, for the purposes of a well-regulated prison. Census Statistics.-The population of Maryland consisted, in 1860, of 256,839 male and 259,079 female whites, 39,746 male and 44,196 female free colored persons, and 44,313 male and 42,876 female slaves, making a grand total of 687,049 inhabitants, of whom 266,553 were in the city and county of Baltimore. In area the State ranked 26th, in population, 19th, in density of population, 6th, and in absolute increase in the last decade, 8th. In its valuation it ranked 18th, and in the products of industry, 14th, only Virginia among the Southern States surpassing it. In the value of its farms it is 16th, North and South Carolina having nearly the same amounts. In the value of its live stock it ranks 25th. Its largest crops were tobacco (in which it ranks 4th), and wheat, in which it stands 11th. Its principal industrial products are, flour and meal, clothing, cotton goods, woollen goods, steam engines and machinery, leather, and coal. Contributions of Maryland to the Union Volunteer Army.-At the commencement of the war, Maryland was divided: its wealthier citizens, and those of the eastern part of the State, were, many of them, disloyal, and the passage of Union troops through Baltimore was resisted by an armed mob. The Legislature was also disloyal, and, but for the fealty of the Governor, would have forced the State into the Confederacy. The western portion of the State was generally loyal. During 1861 large numbers of young men from Baltimore and the eastern part of the State joined the Confederate army; but in the summer and autumn of that year several regiments of loyal soldiers were raised, and one of them-a cavalry regiment, under command of Colonel (afterwards General) Kenly-suffered severely at Front Royal at the time of General Banks's retreat. The whole number of Maryland Union troops we cannot give; but they have distinguished themselves whenever they have had opportunity. The State has been repeatedly invaded by the Confederate forces. XII. VIRGINIA. Settled in 1607. Capital, Richmond. Area in 1860, 61,352 square miles. Population in 1860, 1,596,318, of whom 490,865 were slaves. Valuation, 1860, including slaves, $793,249,681. Virginia is peculiarly situated. After some hesi- | and called an election for members of the Legis tation, the Convention of Delegates of the State, who were in session at Richmond, passed, by a vote of eighty-eight to fifty-five, an ordinance of secession,-ten of the original members, who had been strongest in their opposition to it, having first been compelled to leave the Convention. This ordinance was submitted to the people on the fourth Thursday in May, and, without waiting for their action, the State was at once plunged into hostilities against the United States Government. The vote on the question of secession, in May, was almost unanimously in favor of it in Eastern Virginia, and as unanimously against it in the Western counties. Measures were taken at once in the Western counties for the organization of a loyal government. A Convention met at Wheeling on the 13th of May, 1861, and made provision for a Convention of Delegates from the people of the Western counties on the 11th of June, 1861. This Convention issued a Declaration of Independence, and organized a government for the State, to take the place of that which had joined the Confederacy, lature, which met at Wheeling, July 2, 1861. This Legislature also elected Senators to Congress, in place of Messrs. Mason and Hunter, who had resigned when the secession ordinance was passed. To this government a portion of the Eastern counties-especially those of Accomac, Northampton, and Alexandria, and, later, Norfolkgave in their adhesion. Of the government, officers, finances, banks, and charitable institutions of that portion of the State which has remained disloyal, we have little definite information. John Letcher, elected in 1860, and inaugurated Jan. 1861. is still its acting Governor. Its debt has been greatly increased, and large por tions of its fertile territory laid waste by the vicissitudes of the war. Its charitable institutions and its colleges have been used as hospitals. Meantime, the Western counties were determined to dissever their connection with the disloyal par tion east of the Alleghanies, and to form a new State. The Convention, which had reassembled on the 20th of August, passed an ordinance for the erection of a new State, to be called Kanawha, and to comprise the greater part of the Western counties, and this ordinance was submitted to the people of those counties for their approval on the 24th of October. The vote was almost unanimous in favor of the new State, and at a subsequent session of the Convention, on the 27th of November, the name was changed to West Virginia, and the details of the proposed organization perfected by the formation of a Constitution for the proposed new State. This Constitution contained no provision for the emancipation of the slaves of the State, but the question of emancipation was informally presented to the people, and an immense majority of votes given in its favor. The Legislature met on the 3d of May, 1862, in called session, approved of the division, and sent its memorial and a certified copy of the Constitution to Congress for the admission of the new State into the Union. It at once became evident, however, that it could not be admitted without some provision for emancipation, and, accordingly, Mr. Willey, one of the Senators from loyal Virginia, incorporated the following section: "It being represented to Congress that since the Convention of the 26th of November, 1861, that framed and proposed the Constitution for the said State of West Virginia, the people thereof have expressed a wish to change the 7th section of the 11th article of said Constitution by striking out the same and inserting the following in its place,-viz.: The children of slaves born within the limits of this State after the 4th day of July, 1863, shall be free; and that all slaves within the said State who shall, at the time aforesaid, be under the age of 10 years, shall be free when they arrive at the age of 21 years; and all slaves over 10 and under 21 years shall be free when they arrive at the age of 25 years; and no slave shall be permitted to come into the State for permanent residence therein:' therefore Be it further enacted, That whenever the people of West Virginia shall, through their said Convention, and by a vote to be taken at an election to be held within the limits of the said State, at such time as the Convention may provide, make and ratify the change aforesaid, and properly certify the same under the hand of the President of the Convention, it shall be lawful for the President of the United States to issue his Proclamation stating the fact, and thereupon this act shall take effect and be in force from and after sixty days from the date said Proclamation." The bill passed the Senate, but reached the House too late to be acted upon at that session. It came up, however, at the session of Dec. 1862, was passed by a large majority, and approved by the President, Dec. 31, 1862. There were, therefore, at the commencement of 1863, three distinct Governments existing in Virginia at one time,-viz.: the disJoyal Government, with its capital at Richmond, the loyal Government, with its capital at Wheeling, and the new State of West Virginia. The officers of the (loyal) State of Virginia, at the close of the year 1862, were as follows: Name. Office. Term ends. Francis H. Peirpoint.Governor.................Jan. 1864 Daniel Polsley.........Lieutenant-GovernorJan. 1864 Lucien A. Hagans...Secretary of Comm...Jan. 1864 Campbell Tarr.........Treasurer...............Jan. 1864 Samuel Crane.........Auditor..................Jan. 1864 William W. Lewis... Clerk of Senate........Jan. 1864 Daniel Frost....Speaker House of Del.Jan.1864 Contributions of Loyal Virginia to the Volunteer Army.-The necessity of defending her own homes and firesides has prompted the most extraordinary activity and zeal on the part of the citizens of loyal Virginia in volunteering for the national defence. To the 1st of Nov. 1862, the State had sent into the field sixteen full regiments of infantry, three regiments of cavalry, and one of artillery, in all about 20,000 men, and this while its loyal population did not exceed 200,000. WEST VIRGINIA. This new State, admitted into the Union on the last day of 1862, has not, at the time of the publi cation of this work, organized its government. Its area is not far from 20,000 square miles, and its population, by the census of 1860, 334,921, of whom 13,271 were slaves. It comprises 48 counties. The following is a description of its boundaries: Beginning where the Kentucky line leaves Tug Fork of Big Sandy River, it runs up the Fork to the line of McDowell county; thence S. and S.E. along Dividing Ridge, E. and N.E. along Tug Ridge to the corner joining McDowell and Mercer counties; S. E. in a straight line across Blue Stone River, and Black Oak Mountain to East River Mountain; N.E. along East River and Sweet Spring Mountain to the line of Allegany county; then due N.W. over State Mountain to the line of Greenbrier, on the Allegany Mountains; N.E. along the Alleganies to Hay-stack Knob; thence S.E. across Backbone, Jack, and Bull Pasture Mountains to Shenandoah Mountain; N.E. along the latter mountain to the N.W.corner of Rockingham county; then in a line due S.E. across West Mountain to Great North Mountain; then once more N.E. along Great North and Paddy Mountains, over and across Bear Ridge, White Pine Ridge, Big Timber Ridge, Bear Garden Ridge, and Cacapon Mountain to the line of Morgan county; then back again S.E. in a straight line across several of these ridges to Third Hill Mountain; then once more N.E., running along Third Hill Mountain and Cherry Run to the Potomac River about eleven miles west of Williamsport. From this point it follows the old Virginia boundaries along the Potomac to the west line of Maryland, up that line and along the S. and W. lines of Pennsylvania to the Ohio; then down the Ohio to the Big Sandy River and the State of Kentucky, and, finally, up the Big Sandy River and Tug Fork to the place of beginning. The new State is rich in iron, coal, petroleum oil, saltsprings, &c., and has a large amount of fertile and arable lands, and a mild and salubrious climate. The upper counties are traversed by the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and its Parkersburg branch. XIII. NORTH CAROLINA. Settled in 1650. Capital, Raleigh. Area, 45,000 square miles. Population in 1860, 992,622. Valuation, 1860, $358,739,399 (including 331,059 slaves). This State having united with the other disloyal States in repudiating the United States Government, we have no later information in regard to its government, finances, and institutions than has been published elsewhere. The agricultural productions, manufactures, railroads, canals, &c. of the State in 1860 are given under the census tables in another part of this work. Almost one-third of the State is in possession of the Union forces, and on the 1st of January, 1863, Edward Stanley was Military Governor of this portion, by appointment of the President. XIV. SOUTH CAROLINA. Settled in 1689. Capital, Columbia. Area, 24,500 square miles. Population, 1860, 703,708. Valuation, 1860 (including 402,406 slaves), $548,138,754. This State having been the first to declare its | of 1861, are detailed in our census and other hostility to the United States Government, and statistical tables. Port Royal harbor, with the remaining disloyal at the time of the publication island adjacent, and a small territory along the of this work, we have no recent or definite in- coast, has been for about a year in possession of formation, on which we can rely, respecting its the United States forces, and Brigadier-General government, finances, or institutions. The agri-Rufus Saxton is Military Governor of this region, cultural productions, manufactures, railroads, ca- by appointment of the President. nals, &c. of the State in 1860, or the beginning XV. GEORGIA. Settled in 1733. Capital, Milledgeville. Area, 58,000 square miles. Population in 1860, 1,057,286. Valuation, 1860 (including 462,198 slaves), $645,895,237. This State having united with the other dis- | cultural products, manufactures, railroads, canals, loyal States in repudiating the authority of the &c. of the State in 1860, or the beginning of 1861, United States Government and remaining in hos- are given in our census and other statistical tility to it at the time of the publication of this tables. The greater part of its coast, including work, we have no recent or definite information, Fort Pulaski and Tybee Island, at the entrance on which we can rely, in regard to its present of the Savannah River, is in possession of the government, finances, or institutions. The agri- United States forces. First settled by the Spaniards, in 1580. XVI. FLORIDA. Purchased by the United States in 1819. Capital, Tallahassee, Population în 1860, 140,425. Valuation, 1860 (including 61,745 slaves), $73,101,500. This State united with the other disloyal States in repudiating the authority of the United States, and, its local government still persisting in its hostility, we are without definite or recent information concerning its government, finances, or institutions. The census and other statistical tables in this work give its agricultural productions, manufactures, railroads, canals, &c. in 1860, or the beginning of 1861. The lower portion of the State, including the important position of Key West and the forts on the Tortugas, have never thrown off their allegiance, but have constantly maintained the United States authority, as has also the strong fortress Fort Pickens at Pensacola; and now almost the entire coast of the State, Atlantic and Gulf, together with Pensacola and Warrington, the former site of the U. S. Navy-Yard, are in possession of the United States forces. XVII. ALABAMA. Settled in 1713. Capital, Montgomery. Area, 50,722 square miles. Population in 1860, 964,201. Valuation, 1860 (including 435,080 slaves), $495,237,078 This State early united with the other disloyal | tions. The agricultural productions, manufactures, States in repudiating the United States Govern- railroads, canals, &c. of the State in 1860 are given ment, and its capital was for a time the seat of in our census and other statistical tables. government of the so-called Confederacy. As it still continues hostile, we have no means of obtaining late information, on which we can rely, concerning its government, finances, or institu The northern portion of the State was opposed to secession, and since March, 1862, a considerable portion of it has come into the possession of the Union forces. XVIII. MISSISSIPPI. Settled in 1716. Admitted into the Union in 1817. Capital, Jackson. Area, 47,156 square miles. Population, 1860, 791,305. Valuation, 1860 (including 436,631 slaves), $607,324,911. This State was one of the earliest to repudiate | give the agricultural productions, manufactures, the authority of the United States Government, railroads, canals, &c., of the State in 1860. and, as it still continues in hostility, we have no means of obtaining recent or definite information upon the accuracy of which we can rely in regard to its government, finances, or institutions. The census and other statistical tables in this volume The northern portion of the State has been the scene of several severe battles during the past year, and a considerable portion of it is now in possession of the United States forces, who also command Natchez and some other points on the Mississippi River. XIX. LOUISIANA. Settled in 1699, by the French. Purchased from France by the United States in 1803. Capital, Baton Rouge. Area, 46,431 square miles. Population, 1860, 708,002. Valuation, 1860 (including 331,726 slaves), $602,118,568. This State united with the other disloyal States in repudiating the authority of the United States Government, although a large minority of its population were opposed to secession. Since June, 1862, its great commercial metropolis, New Orleans, and its capital, have both been in the possession of the Union forces, as well as some other portions of the State, and military governors have been appointed by the President for the part of the State thus held; but the disloyal government has also been maintained, and we have no definite or trustworthy information concerning the government, finances, or institutions of the State. The agricultural productions, manufactures, railroads, canals, &c., as they were ascertained in 1860, may be found in the census and other statistical tables in another part of this work. Settled in 1687. XX. TEXAS. Annexed to the United States in 1845 (its annexation causing the Mexican War). Capital, Austin. Area, 237,321 square miles. Population, 1860, 604,215, of whom 182,566 were slaves. Valuation, 1860 (including slaves), $365,200,614. Had no debt prior to 1861; the U.S. having assumed 募 that of the Republic, and paid $10,000,000 in settlement of the boundary of the State. have no recent or definite information, on which we can rely, in regard to its government, finances, or institutions. The agricultural productions, manufactures, railroads, &c. in 1860 are given in the census and other statistical tables in arother part of this work. This State was, by fraud, drawn into co-operation | ward Clark, in the Gubernatorial chair; and we with the other disloyal States, its ordinance of secession not being voted upon by more than 100 of the counties of the State, and a majority of its inhabitants being really loyal; but, having deposed its Governor, Hon. Sam. Houston, for his want of sympathy with the secession movement, the leaders placed the Lieutenant-Governor, Ed XXI. ARKANSAS. Purchased (as part of Louisiana Territory) by the United States from France, in 1803. Admitted into the Union in 1836. Capital, Little Rock. Area, 52,198 square miles. Population, 1860, 435,450, of whom 111,115 were slaves. Valuation, in 1860 (including slaves), $219,256,473. This State united with the other disloyal States in repudiating the authority of the U.S. Government, and, having been much of the time for the past year (1862) occupied by the armies of both combatants, no definite information in regard to its government, finances, or institutions has been attainable. The statistics of population, agriculture, manufactures, &c. in 1860 are to be found in the census or other statistical tables in another part of this volume. Several important battles, especially those of Pea Ridge, Fayetteville, Prairie Grove, and Van Buren, have been fought in the State in 1862, and the Union forces on the 1st of January, 1863, were in possession of nearly one-half of the State, and a considerable number of its loyal inhabitants had enlisted in the U.S. volunteer army; but no military governor had been appointed for the State. XXII. TENNESSEE. Settled in 1765. Capital, Nashville. Area, 45.600. Population, 1860, 1,109,801, of whom 275,719 were slaves. Valuation, 1860 (including slaves), $493,903,892. This State was, by the management of the disunion leaders, forced into co-operation with the other disloyal States before its ordinance of secession had been submitted to the people; and the vote on secession was taken under the overawing influence of a military force at the polls. Middle and West Tennessee, under these circumstances, gave a majority in favor of secession; but East Tennessee declared itself for the Union and refused to submit to the behests of the disloyal leaders, and has continued to do so, maintaining its loyalty till the present time. In February, 1862, Forts Henry and Donelson, the one on the Tennessee and the other on the Cumberland River, were captured by the Union forces, and on the 25th of the same month the Union troops entered Nashville, the capital of Tennessee, of which the U.S. Government has ever since held possession. On the 6th of June, 1862, Memphis, the principal commercial city of the State was surrendered to the U.S. forces, and since that time, notwithstanding occasional raids and attacks from the Confederate forces, Middle and West Tennessee have remained virtually in possession of the United States. The Confederate forces have, however, continued to hold up to Jan. 1, 1863, the greater part of East Tennessee | tables in another part of this work. by force. There have been, thus, two State The following are the U.S. officers:- 66 The population, agricultural productions, manufactures, railroads, canals, &c. of the State in 1860 are given in full in the census and other statistical |