In conclusion, we are of the opinion that no definite form of an be recommended for general use, since local conditions as t of current, cost of competitive fuels, forms of other rates, *** practice in regard to cash discounts, attitude of regulating ssions, etc., will have to govern each central station in preg rates for electric cooking. Ne do believe electric cooking in the average sized home can e secured on a three cent rate: hotel, restaurant and large resithe cooking will require a lower rate. A combination rate ! he either a load factor rate or some modification, such as rate, so as to protect present lighting earnings, and should nimum monthly bill, at least $2.00, and possibly larger. WATER HEATING Central station reports on water heating are not as complete lar electric range reports, nor are the ideas of central staen well developed on this subject. me thirty companies furnished information and they all emparatively little experience, though they were of the e that there must be a decided improvement in handling the ater problem in connection with electric ranges before these ," will become generally popular. Sub-Committee at its first session reached the following བ་་།.ཀུན་ 1 That the electric method is the most convenient, healtheatest and safest known method of heating water unless or methi is considered. 2 That means can be devised whereby central station comesmas singly electric water heating service successfully and Tally 3 That it is essential that an auxiliary supply of hot water de! for the customer who cocks ele trically 4 That no one method can be expected to best meet the peconditions of all service companies. 571at the principal difficulties thus far experienced have e to: (a) Improper methods of installation (c) Extremely heavy losses of heat and the resulting inefficiency because of poor lagging or the entire absence of it. (d) Lack of appreciation of the possiblities afforded 6 That water is one of the best natural heat unit reservoirs known. 7 That an efficiency of heat storage of from 95 to 97 per cent is attainable with proper lagging. 8 That the diversity of this load may be improved without great difficulty by the use of automatic temperature control devices. 9 That if necessary the service may be made of an off-peak nature by the use of automatic control devices. 10 That the present investigation of the committee to be effective must be confined to the study of methods of heating water for domestic purposes in the average family of say four persons. The amount of hot water required per day per family was reported by various central stations all the way from 20 to 125 gallons: various factors affect this amount, such as, temperature of outside air, locations of storage tank in reference to place of use of hot water, whether laundry work is done at home or not, whether water is purchased by meter or flat rate, number of babies or children, etc. The majority of the companies are of the opinion that water heating can be so handled that our capital investment will not be materially increased and that the system peak should be affected but slightly. The majority of the companies would like to do water heating after 9:00 P. M. and before 7:00 A. M., if suitable methods of storing hot water can be provided; and also are in favor of the use of double-throw switches to prevent the coincident use of electric ranges and water-heaters. Opinion as to the fair return per kilowatt-year which should be secured from water heating service varied all the way from $15,00 for off-peak load in the case of two companies to $70.00 for continuous service in the case of one company. Suggestions as to size of heater required vary from 600 watts to 3000 watts. Preference was shown for small heater operating continuously, excepting when the range is in operation, to large ter operating intermittently: also for the circulation type of ** Sggestions as to improvement in heaters, embodied more ed element, changes in design to render cleaning of heaters agging of outside of heaters, larger heating surface with heat intensity to cut down distillation deposits of mineral , and ability to operate dry without injury. Femendations as to the size of storage tank required vary from 15 to 75 gallons; all are in favor of using customers' -1 tanks if they can be properly lagged; only two companies. ed difficulty arising from the by-passing of water through the heater or from air pockets, and these were obviated by changg the piping connections, and by drilling a small hole in the A water pipe near the top of and inside the tank. Nearly every kind of commercial lagging and insulation is ebth for the tank and the hot water pipes. Put Itle experience was reported with automatic cut-offs f water heaters. Manufacturers were not in a position to offer material assistance to the Committee, they reported that electric water heating devices are new and have not reached a permanent They expressed the hope that definite recommendations ! be worked out by the central stations so that the manufacarers could standardize on these devices. The Committee ararged for tests to be conducted at the laboratory of one of the awer companies; these are now being carried on and we herewith present specifications for these tests and conclusions reached therefrom. OPEC FICATIONS FOR STANDARD TEST FOR ELECTRIC WATER HEATERS Purpose The object is to obtain a comparison between electric water Peters that will be independent of external influen.es, such as the wire of boiler and piping, use or absen e of thermal insula , location of heater and surrounding temperature As a result of laboratory experience in testing water heaters a:-1 from a consideration of service requirements and operating te, brons, the following has been ad pted as the routine to be parsed in investigating and reporting upon commercial heaters (A) Routine-A Mechanical Inspection Report on construction and arrangement of parts, materials, dimensions, fittings, thermal insulation, relative arrangement of heating element and water passages, automatic features. Give photograph, scale drawings and manufacturer's bulletins. Conclusions as to obvious merits and defects of design and workmanship. (B) Operating Test Circulation Heaters Vertical Tee All Piping Resistance Thermometers. Cleaning Plug STANDARD CONNECTION FOR TESTING CIRCULATION TYPE WATER HEATERS FIG E Standard Connection Unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer, the heater will be connected by 3/4 in. piping to a standard, 30 gallon, uninsu |