Municipal Monopolies: A Collection of Papers by American Economists and SpecialistsEdward Webster Bemis T. Y. Crowell, 1899 - 691 halaman |
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all-night amount arc lamps arc lights average Board bonds Boston Braintree bridge candle-power capital cars cents per thousand charges charter Chicago city ownership coal commercial lighting Commission Commissioners construction consumers contract corporation court depreciation Detroit dividends earnings electric light electric-light plant eminent domain engineer estimated fare ferry fixed franchise grant gross receipts incandescent increase interest kilowatt labor lamp-hour lamps lease legislative Legislature less lines load curve Massachusetts matter ment Middleborough miles of track monopoly municipal ownership municipal plant Ohio operating expenses paid pany Parsons passengers Philadelphia population private companies private ownership private plants profit public ownership public plants Railroad rates reduced regulation road secure sinking-fund South Norwalk spoils system station Street Railway Journal street railways street-lighting subscriber supply TABLE taxes telegraph telephone thousand feet tion total cost towns United water-works York
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Halaman 490 - If the company is deprived of the power of charging reasonable rates for the use of its property, and such deprivation takes place in the absence of an investigation by judicial machinery, it is deprived of the lawful use of its property, and thus, in substance and effect, of the property itself, without due process of law and in violation of the Constitution of the United States...
Halaman 473 - Property does become clothed with a public interest when used in a manner to make it of public consequence, and affect the community at large. When, therefore, one devotes his property to use in which the public has an interest, he, in effect, grants to the public an interest in that use, and must submit to be controlled by the public for the common good, to the extent of the interest he has thus created.
Halaman 494 - A railroad is a public highway, and none the less so because constructed and maintained through the agency of a corporation deriving its existence and powers from the state. Such a corporation was created for public purposes. It performs a function of the state. Its authority to exercise the right of eminent domain and to charge tolls was given primarily for the benefit of the public. It is under governmental control, though such control must be exercised with due regard to the guaranties for the...
Halaman 496 - And in order to ascertain that value, the original cost of construction, the amount expended in permanent improvements, the amount and market value of its bonds and stock, the present as compared with the original cost of construction, the probable earning capacity of the property under particular rates prescribed by statute and the sum required to meet operating expenses, are all matters for consideration, and are to be given such weight as may be just and right in each case.
Halaman 490 - ... charging reasonable rates for the use of its property, and such deprivation takes place in the absence of an investigation by judicial machinery, it is deprived of the lawful use of its property, and thus, in substance and effect, of the property itself, without due process of law and in violation of the Constitution of the United States ; and in so far as it is thus deprived, while other persons are permitted to receive reasonable profits upon their invested capital, the company is deprived...
Halaman 485 - Under these powers the government regulates the conduct of its citizens one towards another, and the manner in which each shall use his own property, when such regulation becomes necessary for the public good.
Halaman 467 - It may be true that it has improved the quality and cheapened the costs of petroleum and its products to the consumer. But such is not one of the usual or general results of a monopoly; and it is the policy of the law to regard, not what may, but what usually, happens. Experience shows that it is not wise to trust human cupidity where it has the opportunity to aggrandize itself at the expense of others.
Halaman 496 - We do not say that there may not be other matters to be regarded in estimating the value of the property. What the company is entitled to ask is a fair return upon the value of that which it employs for the public convenience.
Halaman 495 - ... has bonded its property for an amount that exceeds its fair value, or if its capitalization is largely fictitious, it may not impose upon the public the burden of such increased rates as may be required for the purpose of realizing profits upon such excessive valuation or fictitious capitalization ; and the apparent value of the property and franchises used by the corporation, as represented by its stocks, bonds, and obligations, is not alone to be considered when determining the rates that may...
Halaman 467 - Monopoly in trade, or in any kind of business in this country, is odious to our form of government. It is sometimes permitted to aid the government in carrying on a great public enterprise or public work under governmental control in the interest of the public. Its tendency is, however, destructive of free institutions, and repugnant to the instincts of a free people, and contrary to the whole scope...