Edward's Chapel, or Lord's Chapel, others simply Church. It was evidently a fashion, for which the families who could afford it, were willing to pay a fee, as will be seen by the following notice of the burial of "Martine Edgar, Stranger, Church Quire, Mr. John Radcliffe to pay for him."

In 1646 there was 182 deaths recorded, there being no fewer than 58 burials in the month of May. There were three Hodgsons buried in one day, and during the month there were five Radcliffes, five Farlomes, and six of the name of Vickers, six Grisdales, four Woods, four Williamsons, and seven Hodgsons. It is noteworthy that none were buried in the church during this visitation.

ODD ENTRIES.

"Nov. 29th, 1607, John Atkine pyper of Naddle." There is a house called Piper House in Naddle.

Baptized Nov. 4th, 1639, “Jaynne Doungelson daughter of Johne Doungelson piper, and Margarett his wife." "In 1642 April 13th, Alexander Molke and Ellinor his wife, drowned in the Watter, dwelling at Keswick."

66

1718 Mar. 4th, prisoner Langhorn's wife of Brandholme."

"1765 Stephen a Soldier."

"1762 June 24th, Nicholas Grave 56 years clerk of this parish."

"1784 July 12th, Mr. James Biggar, Dissenting Minister, at Keswick." He lived at Stone in Naddle, and held property in the Manor.

1647 Nov. 24th, there is the following entry in the burials-" Janet Raisely-vide her age 117 of Windybrowe; Church."

1615 March 29th, christened, "Mabell, daughter of John Radcliffe, alias Wild John, and Agnes Collyer." "1654 Buried, John Dixison, a poor beggar."

66

1657 Wm. Munkhouse of Keswick." There is a tradition that a "Will Munkhouse" was drowned by

overloading

overloading a boat, containing stones, which he was bringing from Lord's Island, to build the first town hall in Keswick. The boat sank half way between Lord's Island and Friar's Crag. There is no other Munkhouse recorded till 1702, when a person of the same name was buried in the Quire. I think the former date will be the correct one. The boat was never raised, and the cairn of stones was visible in the lake for long after.

1702 Dec. 26, there is the following entry of burial, "Dorothy Tickel of Portinskell, Widow, Quaker, was buried in Wooline, according to act of parliament." This was in compliance with an act passed in the reign of Charles II., and the friends of the deceased had to make an affidavit of the fact. The act was passed to encourage the woollen trade. For about twenty years after, almost every burial has the word affidavit appended. The act was repealed in the reign of George III.

We get some singular names about 1737,e.g. Philadelphia Fisher of Beckwythop, and Livewell Green of Braithwaite. In 1725 is recorded "a young man found dead in Castlerigg Brow, supposed to come from Wakefield, Yorkshire."

"1643 Mr. Isaac Singleton, vicar of this parish of Crosthwaite, Quier." He was succeeded by Mr. Percival Radcliffe. Before Mr. Radcliffe's appointment, marriages were solemnized by a justice of the peace, after having been three times proclaimed without contradiction. These marriages continued, during the incumbency of Mr. Percival Radcliffe, to be solemnized by Mr. Henry Towlson, Mr. Lancelot Fletcher of Tallentire, Mr. Justice Langhorn, Justice John Barwise, and Justice Wren, till Oct. 26th, 1657, when we have the following entry "Now Ministers are impowered to Marie againe by Act of Parliament."

In 1732 July 8th, Mr. Isaac Robley married Mary Gaskarth, both of St John's. The gentleman was incumbent of St. John's, and his wife was of Hill Top. Her sister married Colonel Howard, afterwards Lord Andover, and

Earl

Earl of Suffolk. Her portrait, as Lady Andover, (a splendid picture) was unfortunately destroyed a few years ago, by a fire at Greystoke Castle.

When the custom of burying in churches went out of fashion, as was the case in the beginning of the 18th century, we find the custom of erecting headstones followed, to mark the spot in the churchyard where the dead were laid.

The first of the tombstones in Crosthwaite churchyard is against the school end, and is to the memory ofMary, Wife of Richard Crosthwaite, A.D. 1725

Simeon Grave, son of J. Grave of Skellgill 1750

1755

Joseph Pearson of High Hill

*

Edward Stephenson, formerly Governor

in the East Indies, aged 77 Edward Stephenson, aged 44

John Stephenson of London, aged 72

1768

1782

1771

A long story might be told about the first of the Stephensons, who flourished and did good service in the early days of our Indian Empire. The family now bear the name of Standish.

Note on the Font at Crosthwaite Church. By the Rev. CANON KNOWLES.

Some ten years ago, I discovered that the inscription on the font in the old church at Keswick, was in two parts.

On facets 1, 3, 5, 7, it had names of saints, with an ora pro nobis to each probably. These were doubtless destroyed in the 16th century.

On facets 2,4,6,8, still runs "Ora pro anima Thomae de Keda olim vicarii hujus ecclesiæ."

ART.

242

ART. XXIII.-On some of the Manorial Halls of Westmorland, with remarks on internal Mural Decoration. By MICHAEL W. TAYLOR, M.D., Penrith.

Given at the Appleby Meeting, July 28-9th, 1875, during which Kirkby Thore, Crackenthorpe, Cliburn, and Maulds Meaburn Halls were visited.

THE study of the architecture of the domestic habitations

and structures of preceeding ages is valuable, as affording evidence of the condition of a country, and of its people, of their defensive and militant arrangements against attack, of their domestic economy, of their manners and customs, and of their social life, about which details often tradition is silent, and few, or no written records exist. Hence, these investigations often add valuable material to the work of the historian, and furnish sources of illumination to revive the past. Thus all we know, in these respects, concerning the rude barbaric races, inhabiting Britain at an early period, is derived from the exploration of their dwellings, and entrenchments, and sepulchres, constituting what has been aptly called "the unwritten history" of these peoples. Again, for instance, so meagre are the recorded particulars of the Roman colonization, and civilization, in these northern counties, that, were it not for the archæologist, that past era might well nigh have been buried in oblivion; whereas systematic induction from the results yielded by researches with the mattock and the spade has so unfolded an epoch, as to have supplemented important chapters in the history of our country.

So again the survey of medieval structures has enabled us to trace, by the changes in their type and style, not only the changes in the national mind, in regard to its ideas of the ideal and useful, but also from the alterations

in the domestic arrangements and conveniences, we may mark the gradual advance in social progress, to the matured civilization of these later times. Furthermore, by. noting the local prevalence, distribution, and disposition, of defensive places,-old castles and feudal strongholds, and fortified houses,-we may confidently deduce the relative perturbed conditions of different parts of the country in medieval times; the points from which danger was apprehended, and the lines of attack by which hostile inroads advanced.

Thus, in no part of the kingdom has the element of defence, in domestic architecture, been more prominent than on the borders of the two countries: in Scotland, where clanship ruled, with all its concomitant feuds, these fortified places were the abodes of security to the chief, as much against internecine strife, as against foreign aggression; but on the south of the frontier, where clanship, as such, did not exist, these places were constructed for mutual support, and to repress penetration from the north; and we find the remains of these clustered most thickly at those points at which danger was most imminent. Hence we find castles and keeps and pele towers, of various dimensions and pretentions, studded over Northumbria, and especially across the isthmus, on either side of the ancient barrier-the Roman Wall; and also throughout the extensive plain to the south of Carlisle, formerly known as Inglewood Forest, reaching down to the town of Penrith. By referring to the natural configuration of this district, it will be seen that the mountains of the lake country, on one hand, and the long range of the Pennine hills on the other, so converge as to make this town of Penrith the centre of a line of about ten miles in length, in the direction of east and west, which must be crossed by invaders advancing from the western marches. It will be seen, also, that the natural passage from thence, into the heart of England, is by the ascent of the valley of the Eden, and