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ington, in Washington County, on the third Tuesday in October, respectively, for the purposes aforesaid.

SEC. 9. That the election of the governor shall be conducted in the several counties in the manner prescribed by the laws of the State for the election of representatives; and the returns in each county shall be sealed by the judges of the elections, and transmitted to the president of the supreme executive council, directed to the speaker of the senate, as soon after the election as may be.

Done in convention, the second day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety, and of the Independence of the United States of America the fifteenth. In testimony whereof we have hereunto subscribed our

names.

JOSEPH REDMAN, Secretary.

J. SHALLUS, Assistant Secretary.

THOMAS MIFFLIN, President.

CONSTITUTION: RHODE ISLAND-1842

obligations of others. This section shall not be construed to refer to any money that may be deposited with this state by the government of the United States.

SEC. 14. The assent of two thirds of the members elected to each house of the general assembly shall be required to every bill appropriating the public money or property for local or private purposes.

SEC. 15. The general assembly shall, from time to time, provide for making new valuations of property, for the assessment of taxes, in such manner as they may deem best. A new estimate of such property shall be taken before the first direct state tax, after the adoption of this constitution, shall be assessed.

SEC. 16. The general assembly may provide by law for the continuance in office of any officers of annual election or appointment, until other persons are qualified to take their places.

SEC. 17. Hereafter, when any bill shall be presented to either house of the general assembly, to create a corporation for any other than for religious, literary, or charitable purposes, or for a military or fire company, it shall be continued until another election of members of the general assembly shall have taken place, and such public notice of the pendency thereof shall be given as may be required by law.

SEC. 18. It shall be the duty of the two houses, upon the request of either, to join in grand committee for the purpose of electing senators in congress, at such times and in such manner as may be prescribed by law for said elections.

ARTICLE V

OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

SECTION 1. The house of representatives shall never exceed seventy-two members, and shall be constituted on the basis of population, always allowing one representative for a fraction exceeding half the ratio; but each town or city shall always be entitled to at least one member; and no town or city shall have more than one sixth of the whole number of members to which the house is hereby limited. The present ratio shall be one representative to every fifteen hundred and thirty inhabitants, and the general assembly may, after any new census taken by the authority of the United States or of this state, reapportion the representation by altering the ratio; but no town or city shall be divided into districts for the choice of representatives.

SEC. 2. The house of representatives shall have authority to elect its speaker, clerks and other officers. The senior member from the town of Newport, if any be present, shall preside in the organization of the house.

ARTICLE VI

OF THE SENATE

SECTION 1. The senate shall consist of the lieutenant-governor and of one senator from each town or city in the state.

SEC. 2. The governor, and in his absence the lieutenant-governor, shall preside in the senate and in grand committee. The presiding officer of the senate and

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grand committee shall have a right to vote in case of equal division, but otherwise.

CONSTITUTION: SOUTH CAROLINA-1790

CONSTITUTION OF SOUTH CAROLINA—1790 **

We, the delegates of the people of the State of South Carolina, in general convention met, do ordain and establish this constitution for its government

ARTICLE I

SECTION 1. The legislative authority of this State shall be vested in a generzi assembly, which shall consist of a senate and house of representatives.

SEC. 2. The house of representatives shall be composed of members chosen by ballot every second year, by the citizens of this State, qualified as in this CLstitution provided.

SEC. 3. The several election districts in this State shall elect the following number for Representatives, viz:

Charleston, (including Saint Philip and Saint Michael.) fifteen members Christ Church, three members; Saint John, Berkley, three members: Sain Andrew, three members; Saint George, Dorchester, three members; Saint James, Goose Creek, three members; Saint Thomas, and Saint Dennis, three members Saint Paul, three members; Saint Bartholomew, three members; Saint James Santee, three members; Saint John, Colleton, three members; Saint Stepbet. three members; Saint Helena, three members; Saint Luke, three members Prince William, three members; Saint Peter, three members; All Saints, G cluding it ancient boundaries,) one member; Winyaw, (not including any par of All Saints,) three members; Kingston, (not including any part of All Saints, two members; Williamsburgh, two members; Liberty, two members: Mari borough, two members; Chesterfield, two members; Darlington, two members York, three members; Chester, two members, Fairfield, two members; Richland, two members; Lancaster, two members; Kershaw, two members; Claremont, two members; Claredon, two members; Abbeville, three members. Edgefield, three members; Newbury, (including the fork between Broad and Saluda Rivers,) three members; Laurens, three members; Union, two members. Spartan, two members; Greenville, two members; Pendleton, three members; Saint Matthew, two members; Orange, two members; Winton (including the district between Savannah River and the North Fork of Edisto), three members. Saxe Gotha, three members.

SEC. 4. Every free white man, of the age of twenty-one years, being a citizen of this State, and having resided therein two years previous to the day of election and who hath a freehold of fifty acres of land or a town lot, of which he lai”? been legally seized and possessed at least six months before such election, of not having such freehold or town lot, hath been a resident in the election distri in which he offers to give his vote six months before the said election, and hith paid a tax the preceding year of three shillings sterling towards the support of this government, shall have a right to vote for a member or members to serve 2 either branch of the legislature for the election district in which he holds sc property or is so resident.

SEC. 5. The returning officer, or any other person present entitled to vote, 1.43 require any person who shall offer his vote at an election to produce a certifkate of his citizenship and a receipt from the tax collector of his having paid a tax entitling him to vote, or to swear or affirm that he is duly qualified to vote agreeably to this constitution.

SEC. 6. No person shall be eligible to a seat in the house of representatives unless he is a free white man, of the age of twenty-one years, and hath been a citizen and resident in this State three years previous to his election If a resident in the election district, he shall not be eligible to a seat in the house of representatives unless he be legally seized and possessed in his own right of a settled freehold estate of five hundred acres of land and ten negroes, or of a real

*Verified by "The Constitution of the United States according to the Latest Aarul ments. Philadelphia. Printed by E. Oswald. 1796." Also by "Cooper's Statutes of South Carolina," vol. I, pp. 184-197.

This constitution was framed by a convention which assembled at Columbia aude= pleted Fors June 3, 1790. It was not submitted to the people for ratification

estate of the value of one hundred and fifty pounds sterling, clear of debt. If a non-resident, he shall be legally seized and possessed of a settled freehold estate therein of the value of five hundred pounds sterling, clear of debt.

SEC. 7. The senate shall be composed of members to be chosen for four years, in the following proportions, by the citizens of this State qualified to elect members to the house of representatives, at the same time, and in the same manner, and at the same places where they shall vote for representatives, viz: Charleston, (including Saint Philip and Saint Michael,) two members; Christ Church, one member; Saint John, Berkley, one member; Saint Andrew, one member; Saint George, one member; Saint James, Goose Creek, one member; Saint Thomas and Saint Dennis, one member; Saint Paul, one member; Saint Bartholomew, one member; Saint James, Santee, one member; Saint John, Colleton, one member; Saint Stephen, one member; Saint Helena, one member; Saint Luke, one member; Prince William, one member; Saint Peter, one member; All Saints, one member; Winyaw and Williamsburgh, one member; Liberty and Kingston, one member; Marlborough, Chesterfield, and Darlington, two members; York, one member; Fairfield. Richland, and Chester, one member; Lancaster and Kershaw, one member; Claremont and Clarendon, one member; Abbeville, one member; Edgefield, one member; Newberry, (including the Fork between Broad and Saluda Rivers.) one member; Lourens, one member; Union, one member; Spartan, one Tember; Greenville, one member; Pendleton, one member; Saint Matthew and Orange, one member; Winton, (including the district between Savannah River and the North Fork of Edisto,) one member; Saxe Gotha, one member.

SEC. 8. No person shall be eligible to a seat in the senate unless he is a free white man, of the age of thirty years, and hath been a citizen and resident in this State five years previous to his election. If a resident in the election district, he shall not be eligible unless he be legally seized and possessed, in his own right, of a settled freehold estate of the value of three hundred pounds sterling clear of debt. If a non-resident in the election district, he shall not be eligible unless ***

CONSTITUTION: SOUTH DAKOTA-1889

* from depriving any person of an appeal from any preliminary assessment of damages against any such corporation or individuals made by viewers or otherwise, and the amount of such damages in all cases of appeal shall, on the demand of either party, be determined by a jury as in other civil cases.

$19. The term "corporations" as used in this article shall be construed to include all joint stock companies or associations having any of the powers or privileges of corporations not possessed by individuals or partnerships.*

ARTICLE XVIII

BANKING AND CURRENCY

$1. If a general banking law shall be enacted it shall provide for the registry and countersigning by an officer of this State of all bills or paper credit designed to circulate as money, and require security to the full amount thereof, to be deposited with the state treasurer, in the approved securities of the state or of the United States, to be rated at ten per centum below their par value, and in case of their depreciation the deficiency shall be made good by depositing additional securities.

$2. Every bank, banking company or corporation shall be required to cease all banking operation within twenty years from the time of its organization, and promptly thereafter close its business, but shall have corporate capacity to sue or be sued until its business is fully closed, but the legislature may provide by general law for the reorganization of such banks.

$3. The shareholders or stockholders of any banking corporation shall be held individually responsible and liable for all contracts, debts and engagements of such corporation to the extent of the amount of their stock therein, at the par value thereof. in addition to the amount invested in such shares or stock; and such individual liabilities shall continue for one year after any transfer or sale of stock by any stockholder or stockholders.

*For new section, 20, see amendment, 1896.

ARTICLE XIX

CONGRESSIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE APPORTION MENT

§ 1. Until otherwise provided by law, the members of the house of representatives of the United States, apportioned to this state, shall be elected by the state at large.

§ 2. Until otherwise provided by law, the senatorial and representative dis tricts shall be formed, and the senators and representatives shall be apportioned. as follows:

SENATORIAL DISTRICTS

District No. 1 shall consist of the county of Union, and be entitled to one senator.

District No. 2 shall consist of the county of Clay, and be entitled to one senator.

District No. 3 shall consist of the county of Yankton, and be entitled to one senator.

District No. 4 shall consist of the county of Bon Homme, and be entitled to one senator.

District No. 5 shall consist of the county of Lincoln, and be entitled to one senator.

District No. 6 shall consist of the county of Turner, and be entitled to one

senator.

District No. 7 shall consist of the county of Hutchinson, and be entitled to one senator.

District No. 8 shall consist of the counties of Charles Mix and Douglas, and be entitled to one senator.

District No. 9 shall consist of the county of Minnehaha, and be entitled to two senators.

District No. 10 shall consist of the county of McCook, and be entitled to one senator.

District No. 11 shall consist of the county of Hanson, and be entitled to one senator.

District No. 12 shall consist of the county of Davison, and be entitled to ope senator.

District No. 13 shall consist of the county of Aurora, and be entitled to one senator.

District No. 14 shall consist of the county of Brule, and be entitled to one senator.

District No. 15 shall consist of the county of Moody, and be entitled to one senator.

District No. 16 shall consist of the county of Lake, and be entitled to one senator.

District No. 17 shall consist of the county of Miner, and be entitled to one senator.

District No. 18 shall consist of the county of Sanborn, and be entitled to one senator.

District No. 19 shall consist of the counties of Jerauld and Buffalo, and be entitled to one senator.

District No. 20 shall consist of the county of Brookings, and be entitled to one senator.

District No. 21 shall consist of the county of Kingsbury, and be entitled to one senator.

District No. 22 shall consist of the county of Beadle, and be entitled to one senator.

District No. 23 shall consist of the county of Hand, and be entitled to one senator.

District No. 24 shall consist of the counties of Hughes and Stanley, and he entitled to one senator.

District No. 25 shall consist of the counties of Sully and Hyde, and be entitled to one senator.

District No. 26 shall consist of the county of Deuel, and be entitled to one senator.

District No. 27 shall consist of the county of Hamlin, and be entitled to one senator.

District No. 28 shall consist of the county of Codington, and be entitled to one senator.

District No. 29 shall consist of the county of Clark, and be entitled to one senator.

CONSTITUTION: TENNESSEE-1796

a

ACT ADMITTING THE STATE OF TENNESSEE-1796 @

[FOURTH CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION]

An Act for the admission of the State of Tennessee into the Union

Whereas by the acceptance of the deed of cession of the State of North Carolina Congress are bound to lay out into one or more States the territory thereby ceded to the United States:

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the whole of the territory ceded to the United States by the State of North Carolina shall be one State, and the same is hereby declared to be one of the United States of America, on an equal footing with the original States in all respects whatever, by the name and title of the State of Tennessee. That until the next general census the said State of Tennessee shall be entitled to one Representative in the House of Representatives of the United States, and in all other respects, as far as they may be applicable, the laws of the United States shall extend to and have force in the State of Tennessee in the same manner as if that State had originally been one of the United States.

Approved, June 1, 1796.

THE CONSTITUTION OF TENNESSEE--1796 * *

We, the people of the territory of the United States south of the river Ohio, having the right of admission into the General Government as a member State thereof, consistent with the Constitution of the United States and the act of cession of the State of North Carolina, recognizing the ordinance for the government of the territory of the United States northwest of the river Ohio, do ordain and establish the following constitution or form of government, and do mutually agree with each other to form ourselves into a free and independent State by the name of the State of Tennessee.

ARTICLE I

SECTION 1. The legislative authority of this State shall be vested in a general assembly, which shall consisted on a senate and house of representatives, both dependent on the people.

SEC. 2. Within three years after the first meeting of the general assembly, and within every subsequent term of seven years, an enumeration of the taxable inhabitants shall be made in such manner as shall be directed by law; the number of representatives shall, at the several periods of making such enumeration, be fixed by the legislature, and apportioned among the several counties according to the number of taxable inhabitants in each, and shall never be less than twentytwo nor greater than twenty-six until the number of taxable inhabitants shall be forty thousand, and after that event at such ratio that the whole number of representatives shall never exceed forty.

SEC. 3. The number of senators shall, at the several periods of making the enumeration before mentioned, be fixed by the legislature and apportioned among the districts formed as hereinafter directed, according to the number of taxable inhabitants in each, and shall never be less than one-third nor more than one-half of the number of representatives.

"See also the act of May 8, 1792, changing slightly the duties of officers and courts, and the act of January 31, 1797, to give effect to the laws of the United States in Tennessee. Journal of the Proceedings of a Convention begun and held at Knoxville, January 11, 1796. Knoxville: Printed by George Roulstone, 1796; Nashville: Reprinted by McKennie & Brown, True Whig Office, 1852, pp. 32.

This constitution was framed by a convention which assembled at Knoxville January 11, 1796, and completed its labors February 6, 1796. It was not submitted to the people for ratification.

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