SEC. 45. The general assembly shall provide by law for an enumeration of the inhabitants of the State in the year of our Lord 1885, and every tenth year thereafter; and at the session next following such enumeration, and also at the session next following an enumeration made by the authority of the United States, shall revise and adjust the apportionment for senators and representatives on the basis of such enumeration, according to ratios to be fixed by law. SEC. 46. The Senate shall consist of twenty-six, and the house of representatives of forty-nine members, which number shall not be increased until the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety, after which time the general assembly may increase the number of senators and representatives, preserving as near as may be, the present proportion as to the number in each house: Provided, That the aggregate number of senators and representatives shall never exceed one hundred. SEC. 47. Senatorial and representative districts may be altered from time to time, as public convenience may require. When a senatorial or representative district shall be composed of two or more counties, they shall be contiguous, and the district as compact as may be. No county shall be divided in the formation of a senatorial or representative district. SEC. 48. Until the State shall be divided into senatorial districts, in accordance with the provisions of this article, said districts shall be constituted and numbered as follows: The county of Weld shall constitute the first district, and be entitled to one senator. The county of Larimer shall constitute the second district, and be entitled to one senator. The county of Boulder shall constitute the third district, and be entitled to two senators. The county of Gilpin shall constitute the fourth district, and be entitled to one senator. The counties of Gilpin, Summit, and Grand shall constitute the fifth district, and be entitled to one senator. The county of Clear Creek shall constitute the sixth district, and be entitled to two senators. The county of Jefferson shall constitute the seventh district, and be entitled to one senator. The county of Arapahoe shall constitute the eighth district, and be entitled to four senators. The counties of Elbert and Bent shall constitute the ninth district, and be entitled to one senator. The county of El Paso shall constitute the tenth district, and be entitled to one senator. The county of Douglas shall constitute the eleventh district, and be entitled to one senator. The county of Park shall constitute the twelfth district, and be entitled to one senator. The counties of Lake and Saguache shall constitute the thirteenth district, and be entitled to one senator. The county of Fremont shall constitute the fourteenth district, and be entitled to one senator. The county of Pueblo shall constitute the fifteenth district, and be entitled to one senator. The county of Huerfano shall constitute the sixteenth district, and be entitled to one senator. The county of Las Animas shall constitute the seventeenth district, and be entitled to two senators. The county of Costilla shall constitute the eighteenth district, and be entitled to one senator. The county of Conejos shall constitute the nineteenth district, and be entitled to one senator. The counties of Rio Grande, Hinsdale, La Plata, and San Juan shall constitute the twentieth district, and be entitled to one senator. SEC. 49. Until an apportionment of representatives be made, in accordance with the provisions of this article, they shall be divided among the several counties of the State in the following manner: The county of Arapahoe shall have seven; the counties of Boulder and Clear Creek, each, four; the counties of Gilpin and Las Animas, each, three; the counties of El Paso, Fremont, Huerfano, Jefferson, Pueblo, and Weld, each, two; the counties of Bent, Costilla. Conejus. Douglas, Elbert, Grand. Hinsdale, Larimer, La Plata, Lake, Park, Rio Grande Summit, Sagauche, and San Juan, each, one; and the counties of Costilla and Conejos, jointly, one. CONSTITUTION: CONNECTICUT-1818 ARTICLE THIRD Of the Legislative Department SECTION 1. The legislative power of this State shall be vested in two distinct houses or branches; the one to be styled The Senate, the other The House of Representatives, and both together The General Assembly. The style of their laws shall be. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Assembly convened. SEC. 2. There shall be one stated session of the General Assembly, to be holder. in each year, alternatively at Hartford and New Haven, on the first Wednesday of May, and at such other times as the General Assembly shall judge necessary: the first session to be holden at Hartford; but the person administering the office of Governor may, on special emergencies, convene the General Assembly at either of said places, at any other time. And in case of danger from the prevalence of contagious diseases in either of said places, or other circumstances, the person administering the office of Governor may by proclamation convene said Assembly at any other place in this State. SEC. 3. The House of Representatives shall consist of electors residing in towns from which they are elected. The number of Representatives from each town shall be the same as at present practiced and allowed. In case a new tows shall hereafter be incorporated, such new town shall be entitled to one repre sentative only; and if such new town shall be made from one or more towns, the town or towns from which the same shall be made shall be entitled to the same number of Representatives as at present allowed, unless the number shall be reduced by the consent of such town or towns. SEC. 4. The Senate shall consist of twelve members, to be chosen annually by the electors." SEC. 5. At the meetings of the electors, held in the several towns in this State in April annually, after the election of Representatives, the electors present shall be called upon to bring in their written ballots for Senators. The presiding officer shall receive the votes of the electors, and count and declare them in open meeting. The presiding officer shall also make duplicate lists of the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each, which shall be certified by the presiding officer; one of which lists shall be delivered to the Town Clerk, and the other. within ten days after said meeting, shall be delivered, under seal, either to the Secretary or to the sheriff of the county in which said town is situated; which list shall be directed to the Secretary, with a superscription expressing the purport of the contents thereof; and each sheriff who shall receive such votes shall within fifteen days after said meeting, deliver, or cause them to be delivered. to the Secretary. SEC. 6. The Treasurer, Secretary, and Comptroller, for the time being, sha!! canvass the votes publicly. The twelve persons having the greatest number of votes for Senators shall be declared to be elected." CONSTITUTION: Delaware-1792 SEC. 15. No attainder shall work corruption of blood, nor, except during the life of the offender, forfeiture of estate. The estates of those who destroy their own lives shall descend or vest as in case of natural death; and if any person be killed by accident, no forfeiture shall be thereby incurred. SEC. 16. Although disobedience to laws by a part of the people, upon suggestions of impolicy or injustice in them, tends by immediate effect and the in Altered by amendments of 1872, 1875, 1876, and 1884. fluence of example, not only to endanger the public welfare and safety, but also, in governments of a republican form, contravenes the social principles of such governments founded on common consent for common good, yet the citizens have a right, in an orderly manner, to meet together, and to apply to persons intrusted with the powers of government for redress of grievances or other proper purposes, by petition, remonstrance, or address. SEC. 17. No standing army shall be kept up without the consent of the legis lature; and the military shall, in all cases and at all times, be in strict subordination to the civil power. SEC. 18. No soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war, but by a civil magistrate, in a manner to be prescribed by law. SEC. 19. No hereditary distinction shall be granted, nor any office created or exercised, the appointment to which shall be for a longer term than during good behavior; and no person holding any office under this State shall accept of any office or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. We declare that everything in this article is reserved out of the general powers of government hereinafter mentioned. ARTICLE II SECTION 1. The legislative power of this State shall be vested in a general assembly, which shall consist of a senate and house of representatives. SEC. 2. The representatives shall be chosen annually by the citizens residing in the several counties, respectively, on the first Tuesday of October. No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-four years, and have a freehold in the county in which he shall be chosen, have been a citizen and inhabitant of the State three years next preceding the first meeting of the legislature after his election, and the last year of that term an inhabitant of the county in which he shall be chosen, unless he shall have been absent on the public business of the United States, or of this State. There shall be seven representatives chosen in each county, until a greater number of representatives shall by the general assembly be judged necessary; and then, two-thirds of each branch of the legislature concurring, they may by law make provision for increasing their number. SEC. 3. The senators shall be chosen for three years by the citizens residing in the several counties, respectively, having right to vote for representatives, at the same time when they shall vote for representatives, in the same manner, and at the same places. CONSTITUTION: FLORIDA-1838 SEC. 2. No other or greater amount of tax or revenue shall at any time be levied than may be required for the necessary expenses of government. SEC. 3. No money shall be drawn from the treasury but in consequence of an appropriation by law; and a regular statement of the receipts and the expenditures of all public moneys shall be published and promulgated annually with the laws of the general assembly. SEC. 4. The general assembly shall have power to authorize the several counties and incorporated towns in this State to impose taxes for county and corporation purposes respectively; and all property shall be taxed upon the principles established in regard to State taxation. ARTICLE IX CENSUS AND APPORTION MENT OF REPRESENTATION SECTION 1. The general assembly shall, in the year 1845, and every tenth year thereafter, cause an enumeration to be made of all the inhabitants of the State, and to the whole number of free white inhabitants shall be added three-fifths of the number of slaves; and they shall then proceed to apportion the representation equally among the different counties, according to such enumeration, giving, however, one representative to every county, and increasing the number of representatives, on a uniform ratio of population, according to the foregoing basis; and which ratio shall not be changed until a new census shall have been taken. SEC. 2. The general assembly shall also, after every such enumeration, proceed to fix by law the number of senators which shall constitute the senate of the State of Florida, and which shall never be less than one-fourth nor more than one-half of the whole number of the house of representatives; and they shall lay off the State into the same number of senatorial districts, as nearly equal in the number of inhabitants as may be, according to the ratio of representation estab lished in the preceding section; each of which districts shall be entitled to one senator. SEC. 3. When any senatorial district shall be composed of two or more counties, the counties of which such district consists shall not be entirely sept rated by any county belonging to another district, and no county shall be divided in forming a district. SEC. 4. No new county shall be entitled to separate representation until its population equal the ratio of representation then existing; nor shall any county be reduced in population, by division, below the existing ratio. SEC. 5. Until the apportionment of representation by the general assembr as directed in the foregoing section, the several counties shall be entitled to the following representatives, viz: Escambia, three; Walton, one; Washington, one Jackson, three; Franklin, two; Calhoun, two; Gadsden, four; Leon, six: Jeffer son, three; Madison, one; Hamilton, one; Columbia, two; Alachua, two; Duva two, Nassau, one; Saint John's, three, Mosquito, one; Dade, one: Monroe, one. Hillsborough, one; and, until the apportionment of senators under the census as aforesaid, there shall be sixteen senatorial districts in this State, which shal be as follows: The county of Escambia shall compose the first district. The counties of Walton and Washington shall compose the second district. The counties of Saint John's and Mosquito shall compose the fifteenth district. The counties of Dade, Monroe, and Hillsborough shall compose the sixteentà district. And each senatorial district shall elect one senator, and the seventh distri shall be entitled to two. Georgia-1789 CONSTITUTION ART. LVIII. No person shall be allowed to plead in the courts of law in the State, except those who are authorized so to do by the house of assembly; and if any person so authorized shall be found guilty of malpractice before the bone of assembly, they shall have power to suspend them. This is not intended to exclude any person from that inherent privilege of every freeman, the liberty ta plead his own cause. ART. LIX. Excessive fines shall not be levied, nor excessive bail demanded ART. LX. The principles of the habeas-corpus act shall be a part of this estitution. ART. LXI. Freedom of the press and trial by jury to remain inviolate forever ART. LXII. No clergyman of any denomination shall be allowed a seat in the legislature. ART. LXIII. No alteration shall be made in this constitution without petitum from a majority of the counties, and the petitions from each county to be signe by a majority of voters in each county within this State; at which time the assembly shall order a convention to be called for that purpose, specifying the alterations to be made, according to the petitions preferred to the assembly by the majority of the counties as aforesaid. Done at Savannah, in convention, the fifth day of February, in the year of or Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy-seven, and in the first year af the Independence of the United States of America. CONSTITUTION OF GEORGIA-1789 a b We, the underwritten delegates from the people, in convention met, do declare that the following articles shall form the constitution for the government of this State; and, by virtue of the powers in us vested for that purpose, do hereby ratify and confirm the same. ARTICLE I SECTION 1. The legislative power shall be vested in two separate and distinct branches, to wit, a senate and house of representatives, to be styled "The general assembly." SEC. 2. The senate shall be elected on the first Monday in October in every third year, until such day of election be altered by law; and shall be composed of one member from each county, chosen by the electors thereof, and shall continue for the term of three years. SEC. 3. No person shall be a member of the senate who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-eight years, and who shall not have been nine years an inhabitant of the United States, and three years a citizen of this State; and shall be an inhabitant of that county for which he shall be elected, and have resided therein six months immediately preceding his election, and shall be possessed in his own right of two hundred and fifty acres of land, or some property to the amount of two hundred and fifty pounds. SEC. 4. The senate shall elect, by ballot, a president out of their own body. SEC. 5. The senate shall have solely the power to try all impeachments. SEC. 6. The election of members for the house of representatives shall be annual, on the first Monday in October, until such day of election be altered by law, and shall be composed of members from each county, in the following proportions: Camden, two; Glynn, two; Liberty, four; Chatham, five; Effingham, two; Burke, four; Richmond, four; Wilkes, five; Washington, two; Green, two; and Franklin, two. SEC. 7. No person shall be a member of the house of representatives who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-one years, and have been seven years a citizen of the United States, and two years an inhabitant of this State; and shall be an inhabitant of that county for which he shall be elected, and have resided therein three months immediately preceding his election; and shall be possessed in his own right of two hundred acres of land, or other property to the amount of one hundred and fifty pounds. SEC. 8. The house of representatives shall choose their speaker and other officers. SEC. 9. They shall have solely the power to impeach all persons who have been or may be in office. SEC. 10. No person holding a military commission, or office of profit, under this or the United States, or either of them, (except justices of the peace and officers of the militia,) shall be allowed to take his seat as a member of either branch of the general assembly; nor shall any senator or representative be elected to any office of profit which shall be created during his appointment. SEC. 11. The meeting of the general assembly shall be annual, on the first Monday in November, until such day of meeting be altered by law. SEC. 12. One-third of the members of each branch shall have power to proceed to business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and compel the attendance of their members in such manner as each house may prescribe. SEC. 13. Each house shall be judges of the elections, returns, and qualifications of its own members, with powers to expel or punish for disorderly behavior. SEC. 14. No senator or representative shall be liable to be arrested during his attendance on the general assembly, or for a reasonable time in going thereto or returning home, except it be for treason, felony, or breach of the peace; nor shall any member be liable to answer for anything spoken in debate in either house, in any court or place elsewhere. This Constitution was framed by a convention which assembled at Augusta November 4, 1788, and adjourned November 24, 1788. The Constitution was submitted to a Convention called for the purpose of ratifying or rejecting it, which met January 4, 1789. It proposed amendments, which were submitted to a convention which met May 4, 1789, and adjourned May 6, 1789. This Convention framed amendments but did not submit them to the people. Verified by The Constitution of Georgia of 1789," printed in "Digest of Laws of the State of Georgia, by Robert and George Watkins, Philadelphia. Printed by R. Aitkin, 1800." pp. 25-31 解 |