CONSTITUTION: ALABAMA

SEC. 8. Elections for representatives for the several counties shall be held at the place of holding their respective courts, and at such other places as may be prescribed by law: Provided, That when it shall appear to the general assemb.y that any city or town shall have a number of white inhabitants equal to the ratio then fixed, such city or town shall have a separate representation, according to the number of white inhabitants therein; which shall be retained so long as such city or town shall contain a number of white inhabitants equal to the ratio which may from time to time be fixed by law; and thereafter, and during the existence of the right of separate representation, in such city or town, elections for the county in which such city or town (entitled to such separate representation) is situated, shall not be held in such city or town; but it is understood and hereby declared, that no city or town shall be entitled to separate representation, unless the number of white inhabitants in the county in which such city or town is situated, residing out of the limits of said city or town, be equal to the existing ratio; or unless the residuum or fraction of such city or town shall, when added to the white inhabitants of the county residing out of the limits of said city or town, be equal to the ratio fixed by law for one representative: And provided, That if the residuum or fraction of any city or town, entitled to separate representation, shall, when added to the residuum of the county in which it may lie, be equal to the ratio fixed by law for one representative, then the aforesaid county, city, or town, having the largest residuum, shall be entitled to such representation: And provided, also, That when there are two or more counties adjoining, which have residuums or fractions over and above the ratio then fixed by law, if said residuums or fractions, when added together, will amount to such ratio, in that case one representative shall be added to that county having the largest residuum.

[SEC. 9. The general assembly shall, at their first meeting, and in the years one thousand eight hundred and twenty, one thousand eight hundred and twentythree, one thousand eight hundred and twenty-six, and every six years thereafter. cause an enumeration to be made of all the inhabitants of the State, and the whole number of the representatives shall, at the first session held after making every such enumeration, be fixed by the general assembly and apportioned among the several counties, cities, or towns, entitled to separate representation, according to their respective numbers of white inhabitants; and the said apportionment. when made, shall not be subject to alteration, until after the next census shali be taken. The house of representatives shall not consist of less than forty-four, nor more than sixty members, until the number of white inhabitants shall be one hundred thousand; and after that event, the whole number of representatives shall never be less than sixty; nor more than one hundred: Provided, however, That each county shall be entitled to at least one representative.]

SEC. 10. The general assembly shall, at the first session after making every sneh enumeration, fix by law the whole number of senators, and shall divide the State into the same number of districts, as nearly equal, in the number of white inhabitants, as may be, each of which districts shall be entitled to one senator and no more: Provided, That the whole number of senators shall never be less than onefourth, nor more than one-third of the whole number of representatives.

SEC. 11. When a senatorial district shall be composed of two or more counties. the counties of which such district consists, shall not be entirely separated by any county belonging to another district; and no county shall be divided in forming a district.

SEC. 12. Senators shall be chosen by the qualified electors, for the term of three years, at the same time, in the same manner, and at the same places. where they may. vote for members of the house of representatives; and no person shall be a senator, unless he be a white man, a citizen of the United States, and shall have been an inhabitant of this State two years next preceding his elec tion, and the last year thereof a resident of the district for which he shall be chosen, and shall have attained to the age of twenty-seven years.

[SEC. 13. The senators chosen according to the apportionment under the census ordered to be taken in one thousand eight hundred and twenty-six, when convened, shall be divided by lot into three classes, as nearly equal as may be.

This section was amended in 1850.

This section was amended in 1846 and again in 1850.

The seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the first year, those of the second class at the expiration of the second year, and those of the third class at the expiration of the third year, so that one-third may be annually chosen thereafter, and a rotation thereby kept up perpetually. Such mode of classifying new additional senators shall be observed as will, as nearly as possible, preserve an equality of members in each class.]

SEC. 14. The house of representatives, when assembled, shall choose a speaker, and its other officers; and the senate shall, annually, choose a president, and its other officers; each house shall judge of the qualifications, elections, and returns, of its own members: but a contested election shall be determined in such manner as shall be directed by law.

SEC. 15. A majority of each house shall constitute a quorum to do business, but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner, and under such penalties, as each house may provide.

SEC. 16. Each house may determine the rules of its own proceedings, punish members for disorderly behabavior, and, with the consent of two-thirds, expel a member; but not a second time for the same cause; and shall have all other powers necessary for a branch of the legislature of a free and independent State.

SEC. 17. Each house, during the session, may punish, by imprisonment, any person, not a member, for disrespectful or disorderly behavior in its presence, or for obstructing any of its proceedings: Provided, That such imprisonment shall not, at any time, exceed forty-eight hours.

SEC. 18. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and cause the same to be published immediately after its adjournment, excepting such parts as, in its judgment, may require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house, on any question, shall, at the desire of any two members present, be entered on the journals. Any member of either house shall have liberty to dissent from, or protest against, any act or resolution which he may think injurious *

CONSTITUTION: ALASKA STATUTES

ARTICLE VI

LEGISLATIVE APPORTION MENT

Section 1. Election Districts. Members of the house of representatives shall be elected by the qualified voters of the respective election districts. Until reappotionment, election districts and the number of representatives to be elected from each district shall be as set forth in Section 1 of Article XIV.

"The legislature may not break election districts down into wards or subdistricts." 1961 Op. Atty. Gen., No. 20.

Section 2. Senate Districts. Members of the senate shall be elected by the qualified voters of the respective senate districts. Senate districts shall be as set forth in Section 2 of Article XIV, subject to changes authorized in this article. Section 3. Reapportionment of House. The governor shall reapportion the house of representatives immediately following the official reporting of each decennial census of the United States. Reapportionment shall be based upon civilian population within each election district as reported by the census. Cross reference.-See notes to Alaska Constitution, art. XIV, §§ 1-3. Transfer of population to adjacent district. When a concentrated area of population, not having a sufficient population to become a district in itself, prefers to be transferred to its adjacent district within the local senate district, the transfer is possible under the constitution, provided that all constituional requirements for redistricting are met." 1961 Op. Atty. Gen., No. 20.

Section 4. Method. Reapportionment shall be by the method of equal proportions, except that each election district having the major fraction of the quotient obtained by dividing total civilian population by forty shall have one representative.

Application of section.—This section applies equally to all present and future election districts without any restriction to the original districts. 1961 Op. Atty. Gen., No. 21.

Section 5. Combining Districts. Should the total civilan population within any election district fall below one-half of the quotient, the district shall be attached to an election district within its senate district, and the reapportionment for the new district shall be determined as provided in Section 4 of this article.

"Application of section. This section applies equally to all present and future election districts without any restriction to the original districts." 1961 Op Atty. Gen., No. 21.

Section 6. Redistricting. The Governor may further redistrict by changing the size and area of election districts, subject to the limitations of this article. Each new district so created shall be formed of contiguous and compact territory containing as nearly as practicable a relatively integrated socio-economic area. Each shall contain a population at least equal to the quotient obtained by dividing the total civilian population by forty. Consideration may be given to local government boundaries. Drainage and other geographic features shall be used in describing boundaries wherever possible.

"The Advisory Reapportionment Board may always divide a district into smaller districts provided the requirements laid down in the Alaska Constitution. art. VI. § 6, are complied with." 1961 Op. Atty. Gen., No. 20.

Section 7. Modification of Senate Districts. The Senate districts, described in Section 2 of Article XIV, may be modified to reflect changes in election districts. A district, although modified, shall retain its total number of senators and its approximate perimeter.

Section 8. Reapportionment Board. The governor shall appoint a reapportionment board to act in an advisory capacity to him. It shall consist of five members, none of whom may be public employees or officials. At least one member each shall be appointed from the Southeastern, Southcentral, Central, and Northwestern Senate Districts. Appointments shall be made without regard to political affiliation. Board members shall be compensated.

Section 9. Organization. The board shall elect one of its members chairman and may employ temporary assistants. Concurrence of three members is required for a ruling or determination, but a lesser number may conduct hearings or otherwise act for the board.

Section 10. Reapportionment Plan and Proclamation. Within ninety days following the official reporting of each decennial census, the board shall submit to the governor a plan for reapportionment and redistricting as provided in this article. Within ninety days after receipt of the plan, the governor shall issue a proclamation of reapportionment and redistricting. An accompanying statement shall explain any change from the plan of the board. The reapportionment and redistricting shall be effective for the election of members of the legislature until after the official reporting of the next decennial census.

Section 11. Enforcement. Any qualified voter may apply to the superior court to compel the governor, by mandamus or otherwise, to perform his reapportionment duties or to correct any error in redistricting or reapportionment. Application to compel the governor to perform his reapportionment duties must be filed within thirty days of the expiration of either of the two ninety-day period specified in this article. Application to compel correction of any error in redistricting or reapportionment must be filed within thirty days following the proclamation. Original jurisdiction in these matters is hereby vested in the superior court. On appeal, the cause shall be reviewed by the supreme court upon the law and the facts.

*** act calling the Alaska Constitutional Convention of 1955, including, but not limited to, number of members, districts, election and certification of delegates. and submission and ratification of revisions and ordinances. The appropriation provisions of the call shall be self-executing and shall constitute a first claim on the state treasury.

Section 4. Powers. Constitutional conventions shall have plenary power to amend or revise the constitution, subject only to ratification by the people. No call for a constitutional convention shall limit these powers of the convention.

ARTICLE XIV

APPORTIONMENT SCHEDULE

Section 1. Election Districts. Members of the house of representatives shall, until reapportionment, be elected from the election districts and in the numbers shown below:

Reapportionment and redistricting.-A proclamation of the governor dated December 7, 1961, provides as follows:

The election districts shall have the following numbers, names, and assignments of seats in the House of Representatives:

Cited in Starr v. Hagglund, Sup. Ct. Op. No. 98 (File No. 246), 374 P. (2d) 316 Section 2. Senate Districts. Members of the senate shall be elected from the senate districts and in the number shown below:

Reapportionment and redistricting.—A proclamation of the governor dated December 7, 1961, provides as follows:

The senate districts shall be composed of election districts as follows:

"Anaktuvuk Pass and adjacent territory to the north and east of a line drawn from the summits of Soakpak Mountain to Kollutuk Mountain to Three River Mountain shall be included within senate districts N and O and shall not be included within senate districts J and L, to the end that the perimeters of these senate districts may be modified to reflect changes in election districts of whit they are composed."

Cited in Starr v. Hagglund, Sup. Ct. Op. No. 98 (File No. 246), 374 P. (2d) 314 Section 3. Description of Election Districts. The election districts set forth in Section 1 shall include the following territory:

1. Prince of Wales: All of Prince Wales, Dall, Forrester, Seumez, Baker, La'z Noyes, Warren, Kosciusko and the Kashevarof Islands as well as adjacent og shore islands.

2. Ketchikan: That area of the mainland drained by streams flowing inte Revillagigedo Channel, Behm Canal, Burroughs Bay, and east side of Clarence Strait from the southernmost point of the Alaska-British Columbia boundary line to and including Lemesurier Point; and those islands south of Ernest SomDVÍ and east of Clarence Strait, including Revillagigedo, Gravina, Annette, and Duke Islands, and other adjacent smaller islands.

3. Wrangell-Petersburg: That area of the mainland north of Election The trict No. 2 and south of, and including, the area draining into Frederick Sound to Cape Fanshaw on the north, and partly bounded on the north by a line drawn