homes, 10; over 18 years of age, supplied with places, 6; sent to hospital, 3; total, 90. Remaining Oct. 1st, 1867, 157. Since the school was opened there have been received, 600; returned from indentures, 84; returned from hospital, 13; recommitted, 6; returned, having no other home, 13; total, 716; excess by returns and recommitments, 116; number of individuals, 600. Now under indenture, 81; delivered to friends, or who have completed indenture, 343; discharged as unsuitable, 53; dismissed to friends, 49; sent to hospitals and alms houses, 28; died, 3; escaped, 2; now in school, 157; total, 716; excess by returns, 116; number of individuals, 600.

Massachusetts Nautical School. RICHard Matthews, Superintendent. Number in School Ship, Oct. 1st, 1866, 258; received from State Reform School, 1; returned from probation, 8; returned voluntarily, 2; returned from desertion, 5; committed during the year, 254; whole number, 528. Number transferred to the Reform School, 2; enlisted in U. S. Navy, 2; enlisted in U. S. School Ship Sabine, 1; shipped in merchant service and whaling, 108; discharged on probation and to learn trades, 117; died, 2; sent to State Work House, 2; deserted, 7; total, 241. Remaining Oct. 1st, 1867, 287.

School for Idiotic and Feeble Minded Youth, Boston. S. G. HOWE, M. D., Superintendent. This school is open to the beneficiaries of Massachusetts, and to all others of this and every state and country who will pay the cost. Since the school was opened under the corporation in 1851, applications have been made for the admission of pupils,-from Massachusetts, 345; other states, 61; other countries, 23; total, 429; of whom 363 have been admitted. There were in the school Oct. 1st, 1866, 70; received during the year, 14; total, 84. Discharged, 16; remaining Oct. 1st, 1867, 68. Average attendance since 1860, 64.

CRIMINAL STATISTICS.

In addition to the Workhouse at Bridgewater, which is sometimes classified as a state prison, there are thirty-eight institutions for the confinement of criminals, viz: One State Prison, 20 Jails, 16 Houses of Correction, and 1 House of Industry.

State Prison, Charlestown. GIDEON HAYNES, Warden. The whole number of convicts, October 1st, 1866, was 518; number received during the year, 128; number discharged,-by expiration of sentence, 91; by remission of sentence, 13; by death, 7; to insane hospital, 1; total discharged, 112. Number of prisoners September 30th, 1867, 534; of whom 45 were between 15 and 20 years of age; 174 from 20 to 25; 108 from 25 to 30; 115 from 30 to 40; 61 from 40 to 50; 22 from 50 to 60; and 9 from 60 to 70;-58 were sentenced 2 years, or less; 117 from 2 to 3; 145 from 3 to 5; 112 from 5 to 10; 51 from 10 to 25; and 51 for life. The warden is required by law to keep a record of each convict, and for every month that the convict observes the rules of the prison, and is not subjected to punishment, there shall be a deduction from the term of his sentence, as follows: From a term of less than three years, one day; from a term of three, and less than seven years, two days; from a term of seven, and less than ten years, four days; from a term of ten years, or more, five days. 202 convicts were from Massachusetts; 149 from other states, and 183 were from foreign countries. Whole number, 646; average number, 537; total expense, $97,039.28; receipts, $118,011.10; profits, $20,971.82.

County and City Prisons. Total number of persons remaining in confinement in county and city prisons, Sept. 30th, 1866,-males, 1,825; females, 634; total, 2,459. Number committed in 1867,-males, 8,013; females, 2,871; total, 10,884. Number of persons discharged during the year,-males, 7,906; females, 2,757; total, 10,663. Number remaining in confinement Sept. 30th, 1867,-males, 1,932; females, 748; total, 2,680. In the state prison none but males are received; number of commitments, 128; of whom 108 were adults, and 20 minors. Of the whole number of prisoners, there were natives of Massachusetts, 3,125; of other states, 1,602; of other countries, 6,158. Parents both American, 2,251; parents both temperate, 7,811; parents both or either convicts, 150. Number that have had no education, 3,313; could read and write, 2,162; have had a common school education, 5,389; have had a superior education, 21; married, 4,890; were intemperate, 8,809; had property to the value of $1,000, 444; had been in army or navy, 3,139; had been in Reform school, 158. Number who had been in prison before, 4,448; committed for crimes against the person,-males. 1,118; females, 158; total, 1,276; for crimes against property,-males. 2,686; females, 505; total, 8,191; for crimes against public order and decency, -males, 4,973; females, 2,599; total, 7,572; miscellaneous causes of commitment,-males, 219; females, 22; total, 241. Expense of county prisons, $292,640.73; receipts for labor of prisoners, $73,427.34; deficit, $219,213.39. House of Industry, expenses, $59,149.87; receipts, $2,617.87; deficit, $56,532,

POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.

The first regular census of Massachusetts was the colonial census of 1765, when the entire population was 238,425. In 1790, the United States census showed an increase in 25 years of 58.79 per cent., the greatest increase being in the western or newer portions of the state. The next census, for 1800, gave an increase of 11.63 per cent., but in Suffolk county, it was 33 per cent., and in the other eastern counties, the rate was greater than in other parts of the state. In 1865, there were 166 towns in the state, each having less population than in 1855.

The geographical center of the state is in the city of Worcester, but more than 75 per cent. of the inhabitants are east of this place, the center of population being within two miles of the state house in the city of Boston. The aggregate increase for 100 years, from 1765 to 1865, was 431.14 per cent., the population at different periods being as follows:

During the ten years from 1855 to 1865, the whole number of births was 337,057, of which 51.20 per cent. were males; 48.35 per cent. females, and 1.194 per cent. not stated; of deaths, 231,165; excess of births, 105,892. In 1865, the number of males in the state was 597,222; of females, 659,642; excess of females, 62,420.

Of the 1,267,031 inhabitants on the first day of June, 1865, 999,976 were born in the United States, of which number 828,156 were natives of Massachusetts, and 171,720 were born in other states and territories; 265,486 were foreign born, and the place of nativity of 1,569 persons was not stated.

In 1850, there were 199,582 natives of Massachusetts resident in other states, and 134,830 natives of other states in Massachusetts, showing the excess of native emigration to have been 64,752. In 1860, the natives of Massachusetts in other states were 244,503; natives of other states in Massachusetts, 160,637; an excess of emigration of 83,866. In 1865, the natives of other states in Massachusetts numbered 171,720.

Of the 265,486 foreign born returned by the census of 1865, the large number of 183,177, constituting 68.99 per cent., or more than two-thirds of the whole number of foreigners, were natives of Ireland; 32,390, or 12.18 per cent., were born in British America; 25,229, or 9.50 per cent., in England; 11,125, or 4.19 per cent., in Germany; 6,967, or 2.62 per cent., in Scotland; and 1,110, or .42 of one per cent., in France.

There were 10,167 colored persons in the state, of whom 2,348 were in Boston, and 1,517 in New Bedford. In 58 towns, there was no colored person. The per centage of colored persons to the whole population was .8 of one per cent.

Of persons over 20 years of age, unable to read and write, 50,110 were returned, of whom 19,134 were males, and 30,976 females. Of these, 1,012 males and 961 females were American born, and 18,122 males and 30,015 females were of foreign birth. The number of illiterate among the American born is 1.97 to 1,000; among the foreign, 181.32 to 1,000.

The number of deaf and dumb was 561, of whom 500 were American born, and 61 foreign. The number of blind was 762; 567 of American and 195 of foreign parentage. The whole number of idiotic and insane was 3,254, of whom 2,560 were American born, and 694 of foreign birth. Of 362,432 males employed in different occupations, there were, of agriculturists, 59,116; factory operatives, 13,577; laborers, 52,747; mariners, 18,978; manufacturers, 3,903; mechanics, 148,604; merchants and clerks, 42,496; professional men, 9,914; miscellaneous, 13,277. The principal occupations in which females were engaged were,-domestics, 27,393; operatives, 20,152; teachers, 6,050; seamstresses, 4,381; shoe-workers, 4,110; tailoresses, 3,855; dress-makers, 3,487; straw and palm leaf workers, 2,804; and milliners, 2,388.

Number of dwellings in the state in 1865, 208,698; number of families, 269,968.

The first report of the industrial statistics authorized and published by this state in 1838, exhibited an annual amount of industrial products of $86,000,000; the second, in 1845, gave $124,000,000, or an increase in 7 years of 44 per cent.; the third, in 1855, gave the amount as 295,000,000, or an

increase in 10 years of 138 per cent.; and the last, in 1865, reached the sum of $517,240,613, an increase for the last decade of 74 per cent. The aggregate capital invested in 1865 was $174,499,950, giving employment to 271,421 persons engaged in manufacturing, and 68,636 in agricultural pursuits. The greatest product of cotton goods was in Bristol county, $11,836,681; of woollen goods in Worcester county, $12,917,388; of boots and shoes in Essex county, $18,011,107. In 1860, Massachusetts ranked as the first state in the manufacture of cottons, woolen goods, and boots and shoes, the value of the product of cotton being more than twice that of any other state, or more than that of all the states out of New England; in woollen goods more than twice that of any other state except Pennsylvania, and in boots and shoes more than all the other states together.

The value of horses, oxen and cows in 1865, was $19,154,790; of hay, $13,195,274; of beef, $118,228,859; of pork, 4,775,892; and of butter, cheese and honey, $2,265,296. Number of horses in the state, 97,244; number of cows, 144,561; number of sheep, 137,352.

Corporations. From the enactment, in 1851, of the law authorizing the corporate association of three or more persons, to January 1, 1867, or 16 years, 700 companies were organized with a capital of $115,236,983, which was increased in 1867, to $116,905,908. In that year, 87 companies were organized, with a capital of $9,721,000, and 10 companies reduced their capital $1,921,880, leaving the voted capital of 787 companies, January 1, 1868, $124,705,108, of which there remained of the capital paid in, $112,373,895.

An act relating to the formation of co-operative associations was passed in 1866, under which 13 such associations were organized, with a capital of $64,335, divided into 8,577 shares, of which 6,690 are held by 2,152 stockholders. Nov. 1, 1867, assets, $69,603; liabilities, $41,857. Periodicals. The whole number of newspapers and periodicals in the state, in 1867, was 18 daily; 2 tri-weekly; 10 semi-weekly; 125 weekly; 1 tri-monthly; 7 bi-monthly; 42 monthly; 9 quarterly; and 5 annual; total, 219; of which 125 were in Boston.

Assessments. The number of taxable polls, May 1, 1867, was 315,742; amount of tax on same, $664,120. Assessed value of real estate, $708,165,117; personal estate, $457,728,296; total. $1,165.893.413. Total tax for state, town and county purposes, $19,104,074. Number of acres of land taxed. 4,429,954. Total valuation in 1868, $1,220,305,339.

Banks. There were, Oct. 1, 1868, 207 National Banks, with a paid up capital of $80,032,000. Savings Banks. Number doing business in 1867, 108; number of depositors, 48,593; increase over the previous year, 31,740; amount of deposits, $80,431,583; increase, $12,699,319: number of accounts opened during the year, 81,102; number closed, 46,084; amount of public funds held, $29,960,219; bank stock. $10,921,364; deposits in banks bearing interest, $1,524,328; loans on mortgage of real estate, $21,259,349; loans to counties and towns, $6,577,803; loans on personal security, $9,636,996. Number of Savings Banks in 1868, 115; amount of deposits, $94,838,336.54.

Insurance Companies. Number incorporated by the state, (not including life and accident companies), 93; number doing business in Massachusetts, but chartered in other states, 84; number of English companies doing business in the state, 4; ratio of loss in 1867,-in joint stock companies, fire loss, $4.06 on each $1,000 at risk; marine loss on same amount, $48.46; the ratio of marine losses to amount of premiums received in 1867, was 105.2 per cent. In the mutual companies, the ratio of fire loss was $1.28 on each $1,000 risk; marine loss on same amount, $46.16.

17. MICHIGAN.

Capital, Lansing. Area, 56,451 square miles. Population (1864), 803,745. This State was settled in 1670, by the French, at Detroit. At the peace of 1763, it came under the dominion of Great Britain. It was a part of the territory ceded to the United States by Virginia; was set off from Indiana, and erected into a separate territory in 1805, and admitted into the Union as a State, January 26, 1837.

The above officers are chosen by the legal voters every two years, on the Tuesday succeeding the first Monday in November. Senators, 32 in number, and Representatives, not exceeding 100 in number, constitute the Legislature of Michigan. They are chosen every second year at the general election in November. The Legislature assembles in regular session, on the first Wednesday in January biennially, in the odd years 1869, 1871, &c. To qualify a resident to vote, he must be above the age of twenty-one, must have resided in the State three months, and in his election district ten days. Subject to these qualifications, every white male citizen, and every white male inhabitant residing in the State on the 24th of June, 1835, or on the 1st of January, 1850, who shall have legally declared his intention to become a citizen six months before an election, or who shall have resided in the State two years and six months, having declared his intentions, and every civilized male Indian not a member of any tribe, is entitled to vote.

JUDICIARY.

The judicial power is vested in one Supreme Court, in Circuit Courts, Probate Courts, and in Justices of the Peace. The Supreme Court has a general superintending control over all inferior courts. It has power to issue writs of error, habeas corpus, mandamus, quo warranto, procedendo, and other original and remedial writs, and to hear and determine the same. In all other cases it has appellate jurisdiction only. The court consists of four judges, chosen at an election held for the purpose on the first Monday in April. The Circuit Courts have original jurisdiction in all matters, civil and criminal, not prohibited by law, and appellate jurisdiction from all inferior courts and tribunals. They have power to issue writs of habeas corpus, mandamus, injunction, quo warranto, certiorari, and other writs necessary to carry into

$4 per day during session of Legislature.