to be surveyed in order to enable the Pacific Railroad Company to make selections under the grant of Congress.

The manufactures of 1860 were represented by 344 establishments, with a capital of $1,084,935, working up raw materials to the value of $1,444,975, and paying for labor $880,346. The year's product was $4,357,408, leaving a profit of $2,032,087, or 107 per cent. on the capital. The trade of the State is advancing with other great interests.

Great progress has been made in the last four years in the construction of railroads. One branch of the Pacific railroad passes through the entire length of the State. This with its branches and connections will afford important commercial facilities with the Eastern and Western States, while the completion of the railroad southward from Leavenworth will connect Chicago with Galveston, and afford convenient intercourse with those cities.

Products in 1866. Corn, 6,527,358 bushels, value $4,112,235; wheat, 260,465 bushels, value $197,488; oats, 200,316 bushels, value $94,148; potatoes, 243,514 bushels, value $387,187; hay, 123,082 tons, value $883,729.

Banks. There were, October 1, 1868, 5 National Banks, with a capital of $400,000.

12. KENTUCKY.

Capital, Frankfort. Area, 37,680 square miles. Population, (1860), 1,155,684.

This state was formerly included in the territory of Virginia, was settled in 1774 at Harrodsburg, and was formed into a territory by the Virginia Legislature in 1789. It was admitted into the Union as a state in 1792.

The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Auditor, Attorney General, and Superintendent of Public Instruction, are elected by the people for the term of four years. The Governor is ineligible for the four years succeeding the expiration of his term. If a vacancy in the office of Governor occur during the first two years of the term, it is filled by a new election; if during the last two years, the Lieutenant Governor, and after him, the Speaker of the Senate, acts as Governor. The Treasurer is elected by the people every two years. The Secretary of State is appointed by the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

Senators, 38 in number, are elected from single districts for four years, onehalf every two years. Representatives, 100 in number, are elected from single districts for two years. Sessions of the Assembly are biennial, and cannot continue longer than 60 days without a two-thirds vote of all the members *During session of Assembly.

elected to each branch. The members are paid $4 a day, and 15 cents a mile for travel.

Every white male citizen who has resided two years in the state, one year in the county, and 60 days in the precinct in which his vote is offered, is entitled to vote.

JUDICIARY.

The Court of Appeals is the Supreme Court of the State, and has appellate jurisdiction over the final orders and judgments of all other courts of the State in civil cases, except where the amount in controversy is less than $50, or in cases of judgment granting divorce, or on a judgment of an inferior court from which an appeal is given to the Quarterly or Circuit Court. It has appellate jurisdiction in criminal cases, where the fine is $50 or over.

The Circuit Courts have original jurisdiction in civil cases where the amount in controversy is $50 and upwards, except where exclusive jurisdiction is given to other courts; appellate jurisdiction in certain cases specified, and criminal jurisdiction for the trial of all offenses which may be prosecuted by indictment, and all prosecutions and final actions, except where exclusive jurisdiction is given to other courts.

There are also County Courts and Justices' Courts. All Judges are Justices of the Peace. Judges of the Court of Appeals are elected by districts for a term of eight years, one every second year, and the Judge having the shortest term to serve is Chief Justice. The Circuit Court Judges are elected by districts for six years, and Justices of the Peace for four years.

UNITED STATES COURTS.

Circuit Judge, Noah H. Swayne. District Judge, Bland Ballard. District Attorney, B. H. Briston. Marshal, W. A. Merriwether. Clerk of Circuit and District Courts, A. J. Ballard.

COURT OF APPEALS.

Judges. R. K. Williams, Mayfield; George Robertson, Lexington; M. K. Hardin, Louisville; B. J. Peters, Mt. Sterling. Salaries, $4,000.

FINANCES.

$160,714.21

Balance in Treasury October 10, 1866,
Received into the Treasury from Oct. 11, 1866, to Oct. 10, 1867, 2,175,996.47

Total,
Amount of warrants drawn by the Auditor and paid by the
Treasurer, Oct. 11, 1866, to Oct. 10, 1867, inclusive,
Leaving balance in Treasury to the credit Revenue Department,

STATE DEBT.

The following was the condition of the State Debt, October 10, 1868:

Amount of six per cent. debt due and outstanding..
Amount of five per cent, debt due and outstanding.
Amount of six per cent. bonds unredeemed not due.
Amount of five per cent. bonds unredeemed not due.
Bonds held by the Board of Education.....

Total State Debt, October 10, 1868.....

$2,336,710.68

2,310,852.77

$25,857.91

$84,394.00 16,000.00

.1,726,500.00

160,000.00

.1,632,297.46

$3,619,191.46

Between October 10, 1867, and October 10, 1868, the outstanding bonds of the state were redeemed to the amount of $992,008.00, which expresses the reduction of the permanent debt of the state for the year.

EDUCATION.

One of the most important educational institutions of this state, is the Kentucky University which now embraces the University established in 1858, Transylvania University, and the Agricultural College. The union of these institutions was effected in 1865, and the University was permanently located at Lexington. The site includes "Ashland " the homestead of Henry Clay, and the adjoining estate of "Woodlands," in all 433 acres.

The actual cash endowment of the university, amounted in 1868 to over $400,000 and the real estate to $250,000. The first session of 1868, 220 students matriculated in the Agricultural College alone. In this college all students are required to work unless excused in consequence of actual physical debility. They are arranged into two divisions, one compensated, and the other uncompensated. The former work four hours a day on the farm, or in the work-shops, for which each member receives ten cents per hour. The latter work two hours per day, in the ornamental grounds and garden without compensation.

The public school system is attracting the attention of the state government, and measures have been taken for its improvement. A State Superintendent of Public Instruction has been appointed, who is giving more efficiency to the system.

CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.

The Institution for the Education of Deaf Mutes at Danville, established in 1823, is the oldest of the state charities. For more than forty years, it has been under the charge of the same principal. Pupils receive intellectual and moral instruction, and are taught to work at useful and profitable employments. The greatest number present at the close of any session before the war was 93. During the war, the number was reduced to 52, but, in 1867, it had increased to 96. No charge is made to pupils from Kentucky; those from other states pay $150 a year for board, lights and washing; tuition is free to all.

There are two Insane Asylums in the State, the Eastern Lunatic Asylum at Lexington, founded in 1824, and the Western Lunatic Asylum at Hopkinsville. An appropriation for additional buildings for the Eastern Asylum was made by the Legislature, February 28, 1867, and the work was immediately commenced. The buildings were so far completed in 1868, that the number of inmates was largely increased. The Eastern Asylum will now accommodate 525 patients, and the Western Asylum, 325, making abundant provision for all the lunatics in the state.

The Kentucky Institution for the Blind at Louisville, was founded in 1842. In 1861, it had buildings valued at $70,000, 4 teachers and 54 pupils.

The Institution for the Education and Training of Feeble Minded Children was established in 1860, but the buildings as originally designed were but partially completed in 1867. The accommodations were sufficient for the number of inmates at that time (52).

The report of the State Penitentiary at Frankfort, indicates a large increase

of prisoners since January 1, 1866, when there were but 290 confined in the prison yard. January 1, 1867, there were 450, and January 1, 1868, 540.

Of 902 in confinement in 1866 and 1867, 237 or more than one-fourth were between the ages of 15 and 20 years, and 413 were between 20 and 30. The keeper well says "there is an absolute necessity of devising some system of punishment for the young offender, which, while vindicating the law, will prevent the youth from becoming hardened in crime by association with old criminals."

Kentucky Institution for the Education of Deaf Mutes, Danville. J. A. JACOBS, A. M., Principal. Number of deaf mutes attending from November 15, 1866, to November 15, 1867-males, 50; females, 46; total, 96; of these there were-totally deaf, 36; hear more or less, 54; not ascertained, 6; total, 96. Cause-congenital, 37; not known, 9; known disease, 50 as follows:-scarlet fever, 18; rising in the ears, 6; cold, 6; fever, 3; miscellaneous, 17.

Kentucky Institution for the Education and Training of Feeble Minded Children, Frankfort. DR. BLACK, Superintendent. Number of pupils December 1, 1867— males, 24; females, 28; total, 52. Since December 1, 1865, 23 pupils have been admitted and 7 discharged.

Kentucky Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington. W. S. CHIPLEY, M. D., Superintendent. Number in institution October 1, 1866-males, 148; females, 103; total, 251. Admitted during the year-males, 29; females, 21; total, 50. Whole number under treatment during the year-males, 177; females, 124; total, 301. Number discharged, recovered-males, 14; females, 9; total, 23. Number died-males, 11; females, 3; total, 14. Number removed, 6. Remaining October 1, 1867-males, 149; females, 109; total, 258. Daily average patients-paying, 30.33; state, 222.68. Civil condition of those admitted during the year-single, 20; married, 23; widowed, 7; total, 50. Admitted and discharged since 1824, admitted-males, 1,805; females, 957, total, 2,762; discharged-males, 743; females, 307; total, 1,050; died-males, 631; females, 412; total, 1,043; eloped-males, 120; females, 16; total, 136; removed-males, 162; females, 113; total, 275.

Western Lunatic Asylum, Hopkinsville. JAMES RODMAN, Superintendent. Number of inmates September, 1868, 283.

Kentucky Penitentiary, Frankfort. H. I. TODD, Keeper and Lessee. Number of convicts January 1, 1866, 236. Received during years 1866 and 1867, 666. Served time out, 160. Pardoned, 160. Died, 37. Escaped, 10. Delivered to Sheriffs, 2. Number in prison January 1, 1868, whites-males, 332; females, 1; blacks-males, 173; females, 34; total, 540. Age of pris oners during last two years-from 15 to 20, 237; 20 to 30, 413: 30 to 40, 100; 40 to 50, 39; 50 to 60, 17; 60 to 70, 3; not stated, 93; total, 902. Term of sentence-for 1 year, 280; from 1 to 3 years, 167; 3 years, 95; from 3 to 5 years, 168; 5 years, 69; from 5 to 10 years, 73; 10 years, 37; 10 to 20 years, 10; life, 3; total, 902. Crimes sentenced for-grand larceny, 444; horse stealing, 159; felony, 87; robbery, 54; murder, 22; hog stealing, 20; burglary, 18; manslaughter, 15; shooting with intent to kill, 16; passing counterfeit money, 11; arson, 9; rape, 8; forgery, 8; miscellaneous, 31; total, 902. Education-good, 46; common, 313; none, 441; not stated, 102; total, 902.

POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.

The population and rate of increase for each decade are as follows:

increase of about 10 per cent. in the value of farm lands, since that time; in

210,981.

25.98

225,483..

17.64

Kentucky 7,644,208 acres

some counties the increase was much more, the greatest increase being near the principal cities.

The soil supplies the chief source of wealth, rendering Kentucky peculiarly an agricultural and grazing country. A mixed husbandry generally prevails, embracing the production of wheat, corn, oats, rye, potatoes, tobacco, and the raising of stock. Wheat, corn, and tobacco are the chief crops, the latter being the principal one for export, the corn grown being largely used upon the farms-converted into stock. Blue grass is the almost universal grass of Kentucky, and the "blue grass region" is well known as a grazing country. Under favorable circumstances, stock may be sustained nearly the whole year upon pastures alone.

This state is rich in minerals. Coal is found in abundance in Greenup, Rockcastle, Laurel, Pulaski, Whitley, Clinton, Edmonson, Hardin, Ohio, Butler, Christian and Webster counties, and iron in greater or less quantity in nearly all of them. Lead is found in Trimble, Owen, Bourbon, Scott, Franklin, Anderson, and Livingston counties, and in others contiguous. Salt wells exist in several counties, but are not worked to any great extent.

An active trade is conducted with New Orleans, St. Louis, and other places on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers.

The principal products in 1866, were-corn, 65,564,630 bushels, value, $32,126,669; wheat, 2,063,256 bushels, value, $4,745,489; rye, 419,287 bushels, value, $469,601; oats, 5,644,573 bushels, value, $2,709,395; potatoes, 1,786,200 bushels, value, $1,196;754; tobacco, 61,683,856 pounds, value, $5,859,966; hay, 115,844 tons, value, $1,482,803.

The chief products for 1867, were-tobacco, 101,261,879 lbs.; hemp, 4,646,735 lbs.; hay 105,964 tons; corn, 50,262,463 bushels; wheat, 2,223,447 bushels; barley, 94,963 bushels; mineral products-pig metal, 9,737 tons; bloom, 5,159 tons; bar iron, 1,860 tons.

Assessment, 1867. Acres of land, 20,449,880, value, $210,534,221; town lots, 52,867, value, $82,037,164; horses, 350,586, value, $21,553,061; mules, 80,074, value, $5,618,203; cattle, 605,870, value, $7,725,136; stores, 10,536, value, $18,965,588; value under the equalization law, $42,794,653; value of pleasure carriages and other vehicles, $1,663,577; value of watches and clocks, $1,241,168; value of gold and silver plate, $448,312; value of pianos, $873,858; total value, $393,618,655.

Capital, New Orleans. Area, 41,346 square miles. Population, (1860), 708,002.

The territory from which Louisiana was formed, was first settled by the French at Iberville, in 1699. In 1762, it was ceded by France to Spain, and in 1800, was ceded back by Spain to France.

In 1803, the whole territory including Arkansas, Missouri, and a large tract west of the Mississippi, was ceded by France to the United States. Louisiana was organized as a distinct territory in 1804, and admitted into the Union as a state in 1812.

The ordinance of secession which was adopted by a state convention, January 26, 1861, was repealed by another convention, which met April 6, 1864. A new constitution was adopted by this convention, which was ratified by the people, September 5, 1864, and the State Legislature and Representatives to Congress were chosen. The state was under the supervision of the General commanding the Department of the Gulf of Mexico, until the passage of the military reconstruction act, March 2, 1867, when it was joined with Texas to form the 5th Military district. A constitutional convention assembled at New Orleans, November 23, 1867; and a now constitution was formed which was ratified by the people, April 23, 1868. The state was admitted to representation in Congress by act of June 25, 1868.