SUPREME COURT.

Judges, E. W. Peck, Tuskaloosa; T. M. Peters, Lawrence Co.; B. F. Soffold, Selma, Salary, $4,000 each.

CIRCUIT COURTS.

Judges.-1st District, B. L. Whelan, Hale Co.; 2d District, J. Q. Smith, Montgomery; 3d District, W. S. Mudd, Jefferson Co.; 4th District, J. S. Clarke, Lawrence Co.; 5th District, W. J. Haralson, DeKalb Co.; 6th District, John Elliott, Mobile; 7th District, L. R. Smith, Choctaw Co.; 8th District, J. M. Caleb, Wiley, Pike Co.; 9th Distrist, L. B. Strange, Macon Co.; 10th District, Charles Pelham, Talladega Co.; 11th District, P. O. Harper, Butler Co.; 12th District, W. L. Whitlock, Cherokee Co. Salaries, $3,000.

COURTS OF CHANCERY.

Chancellors.-Northern Division, Wm. Skinner, Franklin Co.; Eastern Division, B. B. McCraw, Chambers Co.; Southern Division, Adams C. Felden, Montgomery; Western Division, A. W. Dillard, Sumter Co.; Middle Division, W. B. Woods, Autauga Co. Salaries, $3,000.

By the act of February 23, 1866, it was provided that the sum of $70,000 be loaned to the University of Alabama, for the purpose of erecting a building for that institution, to replace the one destroyed by fire in 1865. The plan adopted for the University building, embraced four sides of a square, with rooms for public halls, recitations, libraries, laboratories, cabinets, dormitories, hospitals, and a well organized boarding department.

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Each side of the square will be 330 feet long, and the interior court will measure 250 feet on every side. The building is of the Tudor Gothic style, mostly three stories high; the middle portion of the front and rear sides are four stories. The doors of all the rooms are glazed, and open out on wide galleries, which surround each floor of the building on the interior and court side. The galleries, supported below by pressed brick arcades, and above by cast iron colonnades, extend more than 1,000 feet on each floor, and in total length, more than one mile.

A part of the building was completed ready for occupation in 1868. This included ten spacious recitation rooms with class libraries adjoining; fortyseven dormitories, accommodating four students each; one large mess hall, capable of seating five hundred persons, and necessary rooms for the boarding department.

The President of the University has been zealously and actively engaged in efforts to collect a library and scientific apparatus.

According to the census report of 1860, there were then in Alabama 17 colleges with 2120 students, and 206 academies and private schools. Most of these were suspended during the war.

The constitution provides that Common Schools and other educational institutions shall be under the management of a Board of Education consisting of a Superintendent of Public Instruction, and two members from each congressional district. The Governor is ex-officio a member of the Board. Members of the Board hold office for four years, one-half elected biennially. The Board of Education exercises full legislative powers in reference to educational institutions, and its acts when approved by the Governor have the force of law. The Board must establish in each township or other school district, one or more schools which all the children of the state between the ages of 5 and 21 years may attend free of charge.

The Board is also a Board of Regents of the State University. It meets annually at the seat of government at the same time as the General Assembly, but must not continue in session more than twenty days. Proceeds of public lands, of estates of persons deceased without will or heir, and all money paid as exemption from military duty, constitute the school fund, the interest and income to be inviolably appropriated to educational purposes.» In addition to the above, one-fifth of the aggregate annual revenue of the state must be devoted to public schools. A specific annual tax is to be laid on railroads, navigation, bank and insurance corporations, which is also to be devoted to maintaining public schools.

CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.

The act establishing the Insane Hospital was passed in February, 1852, and the building opened for the reception of patients in July, 1861. The building with the grounds cost $250,000. The hospital is under the charge of an efficient officer and is in a prosperous condition.

Every effort is made in the treatment of patients, to improve their intellectual condition; and, if possible, restore them to full mental health. This

hospital is open to all classes of patients. Those that are able to pay are charged at a moderate rate. For those who are unable to pay, an allowance of $4 per week is made by the state.

The establishment, as now conducted, will afford accommodations for at least 350 persons, or about one-half of those in the state who are afflicted with mental imbecility.

The Institution for the Deaf and Dumb at Talladega, is also in successful operation. Under the judicious management of the superintendent, good opportunities are afforded deaf mutes for acquiring an education.

There is an Asylum for the Blind at Mobile. The State Penitentiary at Wetumpka has had an increase of prisoners since the war, a large proportion being colored persons. These have come principally from the cities and large towns where those without homes and means of support naturally congregate. In November, 1866, there were 200 convicts in the penitentiary, more than three-fourths of whom were colored.

The Penitentiary is leased, and the convicts are worked outside the prison walls on railroads, or in iron mines and coal fields. It is self-sustaining.

Insane Hospital, Tuscaloosa. PETER BRYCE, M. D., Superintendent. Number in hospital Oct. 1, 1866,-males, 44; females, 30; total, 74. Number received during the year,-males, 46; females, 31; total, 77. Whole number under treatment during the year,-males, 90; females, 61; total, 151. Discharged as cured,-males, 7; females, 6; total, 13. As improved,-males, 1; females, 2; total, 3. Died during the year,-males, 11; females, 4; total, 15.

Whole number admitted from the opening of the hospital July 6, 1861, to October 1, 1867,— males, 182; females, 102; total, 284. Whole number discharged, cured,-males, 49; females, 28; total, 77; improved,-males, 16; females, 6; total, 22. Eloped,-males, 12; females, 1; total, 13. Died, males, 38; females, 17; total, 55. Of the 284 patients admitted, there were single,males, 104; females, 45; total, 149. Married,-males, 63; females, 36; total, 99. Widowed,— males, 15; females, 21; total, 36. Supposed cause of insanity of those admitted,―hereditary, 75; injuries, 25; intemperance, 7; typhoid fever, 9; uterine disease, 8; opium eating, 4; disappointment, 3; congenital, 6; miscellaneous and unknown, 145; total, 284. Occupation of those admitted, farmers, 98, mechanics, 10; laborers, 38; merchants, 24; lawyers, 4; physicians, 7; ministers, 8; school teachers, 8; miscellaneous, 10; none and unknown, 79; total, 284. Age of those admitted,-less than 15 years of age, 4; 15 to 20, 13; 20 to 30, 75; 30 to 40, 92; 40 to 50, 54; 50 to 60, 31; 60 to 70, 15. The class of those admitted is as follows-private or paying, 89; coun. ty or indigent, 184; criminal, 11; total, 284.

Number in hospital September 1, 1868,-males, 94; females, 68; total, 162. Of these, 11 are private patients, and 151 indigent. The state allows $4 per week for board, clothing, and expenses of each indigent patient, and the private patients pay $20 per month for board.

Institution for Deaf, Dumb and Blind, Talladega. JOSEPH H. JOHNSON, M. D., Superintendent. Number of students, 40; annual appropriation from state Treasury, $8,000.

POPULATION.

This state suffered much in the late war both in its material interests and in the decrease of its population.

There had been a steady increase in the latter for 40 years until 1860, but from that time to 1866, there was a decrease of 3,632 whites, and 14,325 colored persons, or a total decrease of 17,957.

The following table gives the population at different periods:

The whole number of adult males in 1866 was,-whites, 108,410; negroes, 90,603; total, 199,013.

WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.

Alabama is the greatest cotton growing state in the Union. The principal portion of her cotton is raised in the central, south-east and south-west portions of the state. In the counties washed by the Chattahoochee in the eastern portion of the state, sugar and rice are grown to some extent. The extreme southern counties are characterized by immense forests of pine, valuable for lumber and naval stores. They are convenient to Mobile and Pensacola. A very large portion of the land in this region belongs to the General Government, and may be entered free of charge under the home

stead law.

This state is rich in mineral treasures, particularly in coal, iron ore, limestone and marble. The coal has been subjected to both a scientific and practical test, and proved to be of excellent quality. Taking the coal fields all together, they are comprised within the area of nearly six thousand miles, in the counties of Marion, Winston, Walker, Tuscaloosa, Fayette, Jefferson, Blount, Bibb, Shelby, St. Clair, Morgan, Marshall and DeKalb. In close proximity to the coal fields, there are extensive beds of the best quality of iron ore. The manufacture of iron was formerly carried on to a considerable extent; during the recent war manufacturing was generally suspended, but it has partially revived. Several furnaces are already in operation, some of them through the instrumentality of capital and superintendence from the northern states.

Limestone is another important and valuable material, which abounds in localities convenient for transportation. There is gold in Randolph, Talladega, Corsa, Autauga, and Tallapoosa counties. Copper is found in the counties of Talladega and Clay.

The commercial advantages are good. The rivers are navigable more than 1500 miles; there are 660 miles of railroads in the state; and the city of Mobile is next to New Orleans the greatest cotton market in the United States. There were received at this place in 1860, 846,784 bales of cotton, and 9,367,597 feet of lumber were exported.

The state possesses the natural facilities requisite for successfully prosecuting almost every branch of industry.

A Bureau of Industrial Resources is established under the management of a commissioner elected for a term of four years, who is to collect information, and disseminate among the people such knowledge as he may deem important concerning improvement in machinery, and for the promotion of agricultural, manufacturing and mining interests.

In 1866, the principal products were: Corn, 21,597,083 bushels, value, $32,611,595; Oats, 497,900 bushels, value, $522,890; Potatoes, 422,815 bushels, value, $334,024; Tobacco, 349,371 pounds, value, $108,305; Hay, 80,854 tons, value, $1,506,310.

2. ARKANSAS.

Capital, Little Rock. Area, 52,198 square miles. Population, (1860), 435,450. Arkansas is a portion of the Louisiana purchase ceded to the United States by France in 1803. It was settled by the French at Arkansas Post in 1685, was formed into a territory from a part of Missouri, March 2, 1819, and admitted into the Union as a state, June 15, 1836. A state convention assembled at Little Rock and passed an ordinance of secession, March 4, 1861. A convention to revise the state constitution assembled January 8, 1864, amended the constitution and provided for its being submitted to the people March 18, when the popular vote was taken with 12,177 in its favor, and 226 against it. Slavery was abolished by the constitution. The state government was reorganized in 1864, but it was not recognized by Congress as a legal government. Arkansas with Mississippi was constituted the 4th military district by the act of Congress for reconstruction, passed in 1867, and Major General E. O. C. Ord was appointed to the command. He directed an election for a convention in November, 1867. The election resulted in a majority of 14,000 for the convention which assembled January 8, 1868, ard February 11, adopted a constitution which was ratified by the people, March 13. The state was again admitted into the Union by vote of Congress, June 22, 1868. The bill as it passed both houses was returned by the President without his signature, but was passed over the veto in the House of Representatives June 20, and in the Senate June 22.

The constitution provides among other things, that the paramount allegiance of every citizen is due to the Federal Government, in the exercise of all its constitutional powers, as the same may be defined by the Supreme Cou: t of the United States; and no power exists in the people of this or any other state of the Federal Union to dissolve their connection therewith, or perform any act tending to impair, subvert, or resist the supreme authority of the United States. The equality of all persons before the law shall be recognized, and ever remain inviolate; nor shall any citizen ever be deprived of any right, privilege or immunity, nor exempted from any burden or duty, on account of race, color or previous condition.

The Governor and other state officers are chosen by the qualified electors at the same time as the members of the General Assembly. The term of office is four years. The House of Representatives consists of 82 members chosen. for two years, and the Senate of 24 members chosen for four years. The Legislature meets every two years, on the first Monday of January.