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species has been found which seems to be equally common in all caves in that State, but Mr. Hubbard thinks that in Anophthalmus we may expect considerable increase in the number of species when all our caves shall have been explored.

HEMIPTEROLOGICAL STUDIES. Dr. V. Signoret kindly sends us the first part of his "Revision du groupe des Cydnides de la famille des Pentatomides," from the Annales de la Société Entomologique de France for 1881. It contains a review of what has been done in the classification of this family by former authors, a characterization of the family, table of genera (forty-three in number) and the beginning of the description of the species from all parts of the globe. Two plates accompany this part.

ENTOMOLOGY IN BUFFALO, N. Y.-We are very glad to see that the publication of the Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences has been resumed after a lapse of several years. Vol. IV, No. 1, has just been issued and contains the following entomological papers: List of Coleoptera observed and collected in the vicinity of Buffalo, by F. Zesch and O. Reinecke; New Coleoptera, by John L. LeConte, M.D. (Elaphidion imbelle, Oeme gracilis, both from Poway, Cala., and Myodites zeschi, from Buf falo); Observations and Notes (on Eudryas unio, Smerinthus modesta, Hylesinus trifolii, Cossus robinia, Papilio thoas, Thyreus abboti). One plate accompanies this number, but we must confess that figures III and IV thereof are quite poor and inaccurate.

LAMPYRIDE. Dr. LeConte has been kind enough to send us a copy of his long-expected "Revision of the N. A. Lampyridæ." This paper will no doubt be very welcome to every coleopterist in our country, as it renders determinations possible in a somewhat neglected but interesting group of beetles. We hope that it will serve to call attention to the many interesting points in the life-history of the Lampyridæ proper, yet to be made out.

SEVERE COLD AND HIBERNATING APPLE-WORMS.-Prof. A. J. Cook records having found that the larvæ of Corpocapsa pomonella, which hibernated under natural conditions, i. e., in their silken cocoons in the cracks and crevices of the trees, had succumbed to the severe cold of last winter, while those hibernating in cellars and kitchens survived.

ANTHROPOLOGY.1

TEMPORAL PROCESS OF THE MALAR BONE IN ANCIENT HUMAN CRANIA.2-A noteworthy anatomical and possibly anthropological feature of a large proportion of the crania from the well-known ancient cemetery near Madisonville, Ohio, is the presence of a

1 Edited by Prof. Oris T. MASON, 1305 Q Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. 2 The Temporal Process of the Malar Bone in the ancient human crania from Madisonville, Ohio, by F. W. Langdon, M.D. Read before Am. Assoc. for the Adv. of Science, at Cincinnati, Aug. 22, 1881.

spine-like or occasionally unciform process, situated on the posterior border of the malar bone and partially covering in the teniporal fossa.

This projection, for which the writer proposes the name temporal process, is somewhat triangular in form, its base, which is from 7 to 18mm in length, being continuous with the middle third of the posterior border of the bone; it tapers somewhat rapidly to its rather obtuse apex, its average length being a little over 5mm

A similar process is of occasional occurrence in negroes and mulattoes, and further observations as to its distribution and frequency in various races would doubtless be of interest. The accompanying figure illustrates a fairly developed specimen as seen in many of the Madisonville crania.1

[The process described by Dr. Langdon may be noticed in plates 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 23, 25, 28, 30, 31, 37, 41, 47, 55, 62 of Morton's Crania Americana. It is also a marked characteristic in many crania of the Army Medical Museum, belonging to many tribes and both sexes. It is not men

FIG.-Temporal Process of Malar Bone. tioned in any work with which we are familiar, and is worthy of further notice since it has been observed in such a large homogeneous group as the Madisonville find.-Ed. Am. Nat. Anthrop Dept.]

A PREHISTORIC CUP MADE FROM A HUMAN CRANIUM.-A somewhat remarkable and possibly unique specimen of aboriginal handicraft has been recently exhumed by some curiosity-seeking boys, near Cedar Grove, Indiana, a small town situated on the Whitewater, about thirty-seven miles north-west of Cincinnati. On the 10th of October, 1880, they discovered a human skeleton, and with it, instead of the earthen pot so often found with such remains, was a cup or bowl made from a child's skull.

The skeleton, as described to the writer by one who assisted in taking it out, was in a sitting position, facing north-west, with the vessel at the left side on a level with the hips. The bones of the right hand and arm were missing, but I think had fallen with earth into a gully which had washed out on that side. The skeleton, which is that of an old and rather tall man, is in a fair state of preservation.

The vessel, or drinking cup, is, evidently, from its small size

1 The dotted line indicates the ordinary contour of the posterior border of the bone.

and plainly marked sutures, the skull of a child. The base of the skull has been roughly cut away and scraped smooth, leaving an irregular margin or rim to the vessel. Both the inner and outer surface has been scraped with some rough-edged tool, leaving numerous scratches. Two holes were drilled through the side, near the upper part of the cup, for the purpose of mending a crack by tying the fractured parts together. A portion of the frontal bone was accidentally broken away by a stroke of the spade. This curious relic of barbarism is now in the collection of the writer, as is also the well-preserved skull with which it was found. Along the gully before mentioned, and within a few feet of these remains, were found parts of three other skeletons. It may be added that the place where they were found, has, for many years, been known to be an aboriginal cemetery.

The situation is on the highest terrace formation, about one hundred feet above and immediately overlooking the Whitewater. The soil is compact clay about two feet thick, overlying clean, white sand, in which the bones were found.-Edgar R. Quick in Four. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist.

ANTHROPOLOGY AT THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION.--Although the dread of a terribly hot wave deterred many of the older members from going to Cincinnati, the meeting was very largely attended. The department of anthropology, inspired by the environment, drifted into archæology. It is to be hoped that the next meeting will witness a greater diversity of subjects. All the papers read are given below, with the name and address of the author, so that the readers of the NATURALIST may, if desired, put themselves in correspondence with them:

Mallery, Col. Garrick (Washington, D. C.)-Opening address before the permanent sub-section of anthropology. Subject: The Gesture Speech of Mankind. Mason, Otis T. (Washington, D. C.) — The uncivilized mind in the presence of higher phases of civilization.

Horatio Hale-A lawgiver of the Stone age.

-The history of Hiawatha.

Holbrook, Watson C. (Lebanon, O.)-Mound-builders' skeletons.

-Prehistoric hieroglyphics.

-Stone implements of the drift.

McAdams, Wm. (Otterville, Ill.)-The stone images and idols of the moundbuilders.

-Some remarkable relics from the mounds in Illinois.

Dall, Wm. H. (Washington, D. C.)—On the inhabitants of N. E. Siberia, commonly called Chukchis and Namollo.

Henderson, Hon. J. G. (Winchester, Ill.)-Houses of the ancient inhabitants of the Mississippi valley.

-Was the antelope hunted by the Indians on the prairies of Illinois ?

Ilex cassina, the black drink of the Southern Indians.

Agriculture and agricultural implements of the ancient inhabitants of the Mississippi valley.

Smith, Mrs. Erminnie A. (Jersey City, N. J.)-Comparative differences in the Iro quois group of dialects.

-Animal myths of the Iroquois.

Morse, Edw. S. (Salem, Mass.)—On the ancient Japanese bronze bells.

On worked shells in New England Shell-heaps.

Hoffman, W. J. (Washington, D. C.)—On the interpretation of Pictographs by the application of gesture signs.

Trowbridge, S. H. (Glasgow, Mo.)-Exhibition of some archæological specimens

from Missouri.

Langdon, Frank W. (Cincinnati, O.)-The temporal process of the malar bone in the ancient human crania from Madisonville, Ohio.

Peet, Stephen D. (Clinton, Wis.)-The emblematic mounds on the four lakes of Wisconsin.

-Buffalo drives on the Rock river in Wisconsin.

De Haas, Wills (Washington, D. C.)-The Mound- Builders; an inquiry into their assumed southern origin.

The greatest attraction, however, to the anthropologists, was an excursion by train to Madisonville, a few miles north of Cincinnati. The readers of the NATURALIST had been told so much concerning this wonderful locality, that about three hundred persons went to the ground to examine for themselves. There, in brief, they witnessed what a few determined gentlemen can do with limited resources. On a long tongue of land, bounded on all sides but one by deep and precipitous ravines, is the ancient cemetery. Beginning at the top end of the bench, the explorers have excavated about two acres to a depth of six feet, throwing the earth through sieves. Upwards of five hundred skeletons have been exhumed, accompanied with the usual vessels, etc. But the distinguishing feature of the cemetery is the ash-pits, cavities in the earth several feet in depth, where layers of earth. and ashes alternate, but there are no evidences of fire in them. The implements in the pits, formed of bone and antlers, are as wonderful as the pits themselves. Many beautiful collections have sprung from this digging, among them we mention those of Dr. C. L. Metz, the Hon. Joseph Cox, Mr. C. F. Low, Dr. F. W. Langdon, Mr. E. A. Conkling, in Madisonville, and those of the Museum of the Society of Natural History and the private collection of Dr. H. H. Hill, in Cincinnati. The last named gentleman has, without doubt, one of the most extensive and intelligently classified private museums in the West.

ANTHROPOLOGY IN FRANCE.-There comes over us, when a great man dies, a momentary feeling of despair. What will science do now, we said, when Dr. Paul Broca laid down his pen? But into the great gap his pupils throw themselves, and the good work goes on. The July number of Revue d'Anthropologie, after an opening article by Dr. Broca, passes on to give us the accustomed rich and varied feast, the list of whose good things will be found below:

Broca, Paul-La Torsion de l'Humérus et le tropomètre, 386–425.

Betz, Wladimir (Professor a l'Universitié de Kiew)-Sur la structure de l'écorce cérebrale. A la Mémoire de Paul Broca.

Chassagne, Amédée-Contribution a l'Ethnographie de la Basse-Bretagne, avec cartes, 439-447.

Maget, Dr. G.—Sur les moeurs des Japonais.

Féré, Ch.-Nouvelles recherches sur la topographie cranio-cérébrale, 468–487. Deniker, M.-A review of Weisbach's "Körpermessungen verschiedener Menschemassen," Berlin, 1878, pp. 448-502. [This is a very minute and valuable review of a work not in the hands of many American anthropologists.] Zabarowski-Review of the following works: [Ernest Chantre, "Premier Age du fer. Necropoles et tumulus" (1 vol. gr. in 4to, pp. 57, with album in folio, 50 plates. -Baron J. de Baye, "L'Archéologie préhistorique. Epoque tertiaire. Epoque quaternaire. Transition entre les deux epoques de la pierre. Epoque néolithique. Grottes artificielles de la Marne. Grottes à sculptures. Sépultures. Trepanation préhistorique. Fleches à tranchant transversal, etc." 1 vol. gr. 8vo, pp. 412, figs., Paris, 1880.—Urban & Virchow, Cemeteries of Gross Lichterfeld, at Berlin," Zeitschr., 1879, p. 342.- -Dr. Anger, "The mixed cemetery of the plain of Neustadt near Elbing," Zeitschr., 1880, 11, p. 166.] pp. 503-516.

Topinard, Dr. Paul-Review of Tylor's "Anthropology."

Manouvrier-Review of the following: Enrico Morsalli, “Critique and reform of the methods of anthropology, founded upon laws statistical and biological, and upon experience," Rome 1880.

Lesson, H. and L. Martinet-Les Polynesiens, leur origine, leurs migrations, leur langage. Paris, E. Leroux, 1880. Reviewed in Rev. d'Anthrop., IV, 1881, 524. Zabarowski-Association française pour l'avancement des sciences. Session d'Alger, 1881. Section d'Anthropologie." pp. 530-536.

Manouvrier-Reviews the following: [Ettore Regalia, "Les anomalies numériques des vertèbres chez l'homme et leur interprétation." -Cesare Taruffi, " Observation du géant Chawang-in-Sing.]

Ten Kate-Review of Gegenbauer's "Discussion of the lachrymal bone in man, in
Morphologisches Jahrbuch.
Kuhff, G.-Review of Dr. E. Schmidt's Kraniologische Untersuchungen,

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY.

EOCENE PLAGIAULACIDE. This remarkable family of Marsupialia belongs, as is well known, to the Jurassic period, and genera have been found in both Europe and North America. Falconer traced resemblances to the existing Hypsiprymnus of Australia, and there might be some remote affinity between the families. But in the formations which represent the long period between the Jurassic and present ages, no trace of intervening genera has been found. It is therefore of interest that I am able to announce the discovery of such a one from the Lowest Eocene (perhaps Puerco) beds of New Mexico. The specimen was found with the jaw of the Triisodon quivirensis (NATURALIST, for August, 1881), and consists of a single tooth of the lower jaw. It is the characteristic obliquely ridged cutting tooth well known in Plagiaulax. It presents the following differences from those of Plagiaulax and Ctenacodon, which I regard for the present as generic.

Char. gen. Cutting edge convex and continuous with the anterior edge of the crown, and serrate from the union of ridges which ascend on each side. Ridges curved backwards, all reaching the edge excepting above the posterior root of the tooth, where they are discontinued, leaving a smooth edge. In Plagiau

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