Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift. Herausgegeben von dem Entomologischen Verein in Berlin. 25ter Band (1881), erstes Heft. From the society.

Some characters useful in the study of the Sphecida. By W. H. Patton. From the Proceedings Boston Society Natural History, Vol. xx, January 21, 1880, pp. 378-385. From the author.

List of the North American Larrida. By W. H. Patton. L. c. pp. 385-397. From the author.

Notes on the Philanthine. By W. H. Patton. L. c. pp. 397–405. From the author.

Synopsis of the Lampyride of the United States. By John L. LeConte, M.D. From the Transactions American Entomological Society, Vol. IX, 1881, pp. 15–72. From the author.

On Pieris bryonia Ochsenheimer, and its derivative forms in Europe and America. By W. H. Edwards. From Papilio, Vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 83--99. From the author. Revision of the species of Polyphylla of the United States. By George H. Horn, M.D. From Trans. Am. Entom. Soc., Vol. IX, 1881, pp. 73-76, From the author. Notes on Elateridæ, Cebrionidæ, Rhipiceride and Dascyllide. By George H. Horn, M.D. From Trans. Am. Entom. Soc., Vol. 1x, 1881, pp. 76–90, tables I and From the author.

II.

Geological Survey of Alabama. Reports of Progress for 1879 and 1880. By Eugene A. Smith, Ph.D., State Geologist. 8vo, pp. 158. Montgomery, Ala., 1881. From the author.

Catalogue of the Phænogamous and Vascular Cryptogamous Plants of Michigan, Indigenous, Naturalized and Adventive. By Charles F. Wheeler and Erwin F. Smith. Lansing, 1881. 8vo, pp. 105. From Erwin F. Smith.

Description of the preparatory stages of Papilio palamedes Drury (calchas Fab.). By W. H. Edwards. From Can. Entom., Vol. XIII, No. 6, pp. 119-123. From the author.

Effect of cold applied to chrysalids of Limenitis disippus. By William H. Ed. wards. From Psyche, Vol. III. No. 82, p. 174. From the author.

Agricultural advancement in the United States. By C. V. Riley, M.A., Ph.D. An address read at the organization of the American Agricultural Association. From the author.

Descriptions of some new Tortricidae, by C. V. Riley, M.A., Ph.D. Trans. St. Louis Ac. of Sc., Vol, Iv., No. 2, April 28, 1881.

Beiträge zur Paläontologie von Osterreich-Ungarn und den Angrenzenden Gebieten (V. Uhlig. Die Jurabildungen in der Umgebung von Brünn. Zweite Abtheilung mit Taf. XVI-XVII. Alois v. . Alth. Die Versteinerungen des Nizniower Kalksteines. Erste Abtheilung mit Tafel XVIII-XXI. Herausgegeben von E. v. Mojsisovics und M. Neumayr. Ausgegeben am 20 Juli, 1881. 4to, pp. 68, 7 plates. Wien, 1881. From the editor.

Palæontographica. Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte der Vorzeit. Achtundzwanzigster Band oder dritte Folge Vierte Band. Erste Lieferung. Herausgegeben von Wilhelm Dunker, Professor in Marburg, und Karl A. Zittel, Professor in München, unter Mitwirkung von W. Benecke, E. Beyrich, Freiherrn von Fritsch, M. Neumayr und Ferd. Römer, als Vertretern der deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft. Inhalt Dr. Edmund Naumann, über Japanische Elephanten der Vorzeit, S. 1-40, Taf. I–VII. 4to, pp. 40, 7 plates. Cassel, 1881. From the editor.

Palæontographica. Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte der Vorzeit. Achtundzwanzigs. ter Band oder dritte Folge Vierter Band. Zweite Lieferung. Herausgegeben von Wilhelm Dunker, Professor in Marburg, und Karl A. Zittel, Professor in München, unter mitwirkung von W. Benecke, E. Beyrich, Freiherrn von Fritsch, M. Neumayr und Ferd. Römer, als Vertretern der deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft. Inhalt Dr. Max Schlosser, die Fauna des Kelheimer Diceras Kalkes. 1. Abtheilung: Vertebrata, Crustacea, Cephalopoda und Gastropoda. S. 41-110, Tafel vIII-XIII. 4to, pp. 64, 6 plates. Cassel, 1881. From the editors.

Mittheilungen Des Vereins Für Erdkunde zu Halle a. S. 1877-8-9-80. 8vo, pp. 398, 2 plates. Halle, 1881. From the society.

Dr. H. G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, Wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild. Fortgesetzt von Dr. A. Gerstaecker, Professor an der Universität zu Greifswald, Mit auf Stein gezeichneten Abbildungen. Fünfter Band, II Abtheilung. Gliederfüssler: Arthropoda 1, 2, und 3 Lieferung. Roy. 8vo, pp. 96, 8 plates. Leipzig und Heidelberg, 1881. From the editor.

Dr. H. G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, Wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild. Fortgesetzt von C. K. Hoffmann, Doctor der Medicin und Philosophie, Professor in Leiden. Mit auf Stein gezeichneten Abbildungen. Sechster Band. III Abtheilung. Reptilien 18, 19, 20 und 21, Lieferung. Roy. 8vo, pp. 127, 8 plates. Leipzig und Heidelberg, 1881. From the editor, Bulletins de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris, Tome Troisième (III série), ze Fasciciule Avril à Juillet, 1880. 8vo, pp. 159. Paris, 1880. From the society. Société Malacologique de Belgique Procès-Verbal de la Séance du 3 Avril, 1880. Séance du 2 Octobre, 1880. 8vo, pp. 50. 1881. From the society.

Sur l'Arc Pelvien chez des Dinosauriens de Bernissart. Par M. G.-A. Boulenger. Rapport de M. P.-J. Van Beneden. 8vo, pp. 8. Brussels, 1881. From the author.

De la Nomenclatur des Étres Organises Société Zoologique de France. Au siege de la Société. 8vo, pp. 38. Paris, 1881. From the society.

Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France pour L'année 1881. Ire & 2e Porties Séances de Janvier-Avril. 8vo, pp. 80, 1 plate. Paris, 1881. From the society.

Par

Note sur les Poissons Fossils D'eusse-Drome. Clupea Fontannesi, n. sp. M. H. E. Sauvage. Roy. 8vo, pp. 6, 1 plate. Paris, 1881. From the author. Di Nuovo sui lavori del geologico nelle Alpi Apuane. C. De Stefani. Estratto del processo verhale della Società di Scienze Naturali Aduranga del di 13 Marzo, 1881. 8vo, pp. 8. 1881. From the author.

Anales del Museo Nacional de México. Tomo II. Entrega 4a. Sumario. Códice Meneazino; Ensayo de descifracion georgifica. Por el Sr. D. Manuel Orozcay Berra. (Continuacion.)

La Piedra de Sol; Estudio argueologico. Por el Sr. D. Alfredo Chavero. (Con tinuacion.)

Geologio, Noticias geologicas de algunos Caminos Nacionales. Por el Sr. D. Mariano Bárcena.

Mitos di los nahoas. Por el Director del Museo.

Dos antiguos monumentos de arguitectura Mexicana. Illustrados por el P. Pedro Jose Márquez. Traducido pora los " Anales del Museo." Por F. P. T. 8vo, pp. 80, 3 plates. Mexico, 1881. From the director of the National Museum.

On the Structure and Development of the Skull in the Batrachia. Part III. By William Kitchen Parker, F.R.S. 4to, pp. 268, 44 plates, colored, and cuts. From the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Part 1, 1881. London, 1881. From the author.

A Blastoid found in the Devonian Rocks of Ontario. By Henry Montgomery. 8vo, pp. 4, cuts. Extract from the Canadian Naturalist, Vol. X, No. 2. Montreal,

1881.

From the author.

:0:

GENERAL NOTES.

BOTANY.1

CARUEL'S NEW SYSTEM OF PLANTS.-In the last number of his Giornale Botanico Italiano, Caruel proposes a system of plants which contains so many interesting points that it will be profitable to reproduce it here in a condensed form. He recognizes five grand divisions, viz: Gymnogama, Bryogamæ, Schistogamæ, 1 Edited by PROF. C. E. BESSEY, Ames, Iowa.

Prothallogama and Phanerogamæ. The first is equivalent to the Thallophyta of many German botanists, but is treated very differently by the author. The Myxomycetes are very properly placed at the lower end of the division, in a separate class, the Plasmodieæ. In accordance with the rapidly growing idea first brought out by Cohn, the chlorophyll-bearing and chlorophyll free plants are not separated as Algae and Fungi; and the lichens are considered an order constituting with the Sphærideæ and Gymnoascidea the cohort Angiosporatæ, the latter very nearly equivalent to the Ascomycetes of botanists. The radical error, as it appears to us, in Caruel's disposition of the plants of the class Thallodeæ consists in making use of the asexual reproductive bodies in characterizing the sub-classes. Conidia and zoospores at least, and almost certainly the tetraspores also (chains of four conidia ?), are homologues, whose differences are related to differences in the habitat of the plants producing them. Conidia (if we except tetraspores) are aerial, while proper zoospores are aquatic.

The position assigned to the Characeæ is scarcely a tenable one. They are too nearly related to the Floridiæ, and too distantly to the ferns to warrant placing them between the Bryogama and Prothallogamæ.

The separation of the Phanerogamæ into three classes will strike every one as an innovation of doubtful value. Why the orthography of Gymnospermæ should be changed to Gynospermæ, is also to be questioned. It will be observed that the cohorts and orders of the Angiospermæ rank higher respectively than do the groups bearing these names in the system most in vogue in this country: the families (omitted for want of space) in Caruel's system, are almost the equivalents of the orders of Bentham and Hooker, while Caruel's orders are nearly equivalent to Bentham and Hooker's cohorts.

Division GYMNOGAME.

Class PLASMODIEÆ.
Cohort Plasmodiata.

Order Myxomycetes; Fam. Ceratiaceæ, Trichiaceæ.

Class THALLODEÆ.

Sub-class SCHIZOSPOROPHORÆ.

Cohort Schizosporatæ.

Order Nostochidex; Fam. Chroococcaceæ, Oscillariaceæ, Nostocaceæ, Rivulariacea, Scytonemaceæ.

Sub-class CONIDIOPHORÆ.

Cohort Gymnosporatæ.

Order Puccinideæ; Fam. Sporotrichaceæ, Fusariaceæ, Stilbaceæ, Trichodermaceæ, Ustilaginaceæ, Pucciniaceæ.

Order Agaricideæ; Fam. Exobasidiacea, Tremellacea, Agaricaceæ, Lycoperdonaceæ.

Cohort Angiosporatæ.

Order Gymnoascidea; Fam. Gymnoascaceæ.

Order Sphærideæ; Fam. Helvellaceæ, Sphæriaceæ, Erysiphaceæ, Tuberaceæ. Order Lichenidex; Fam. Myriangiaceæ, Verrucariacea, Parmeliaceæ.

Sub-class ZoOSPOROPHORÆ.

Cohort Euzoosporatæ.

Order Ulvideæ; Fam. Cladophoracea, Ulvacea, Sphacelariaceæ, Sporochnaceæ.
Cohort Zygosporatæ.

Order Pandorinideæ; Fam. Botrydiaceæ, Pandorinaceæ, Ulotrichaceæ.
Order Zygnemideæ; Fam. Diatomaceæ, Desmidiaceæ, Zygnemaceæ.

Order Peronosporideæ; Fam. Mucoraceæ, Chytridiaceæ, Peronosporaceæ,
Saprolegniaceae.

Cohort Oosporatæ.

Order Vaucherideæ; Fam. Monoblepharidaceæ, Volvocaceæ, Vaucheriaceæ, Sphæropleaceæ, Edogoniaceæ, Coleochataceæ.

Order Fucideæ; Fam. Ectocarpaceæ, Fucaceæ.

Sub-class TETRASPOROPHORÆ.

Cohort Tetrasporatæ.

Order Pseudoflorideæ; Fam. Porphyrace, Dictyotaceæ.

Order Florideæ; Fam. Ceramiaceæ, Nemaliaceæ, Lemaneaceæ, Sphærococcaceæ, Melobesiaceæ, Rhodomelaceæ.

Division BRYOGAMÆ.

Class MUSCINEÆ.

Cohort Muscineæ.

Order Hepatice; Fam. Anthocerotaceæ, Ricciaceæ, Targioniaceæ, Monocleaceæ, Marchantiaceæ, Jungermanniaceæ.

Order Musci; Fam. Andreæaceæ, Phascaceæ, Sphagnacea, Bryaceæ.

Division SCHIS TOGAME.

Order Puteræ; Fam. Characex.

Class PUTERÆ.
Cohort Putera.

Division PROTHALLOGAMÆ.

Class ISOSPOREÆ.

Cohort Isosporeæ.

Order Filicariæ; (1) Sub-order Trichosporangiæ; Fam. Hymenophyllaceæ, Polypodiacea, Gleicheniacea, Osmundaceæ.

(2) Sub-order Phyllosporangiæ; Fam. Marattiaceæ. (3) Sub-order Ophiosporangia: Fam. Ophioglossaceæ. Order Calamariæ; Fam. Equisetaceæ.

Order Conariæ; Fam. Lycopodiaceæ.

Class HETEROSPOREÆ.

Cohort Heterosporea.

Order Phyllocarpariæ; Fam. Selaginaceæ, Isoetaceæ.
Order Rhizocarpariæ; Fam. Salviniaceæ, Marsiliaceæ.

Division PHANEROGAME.

Class GYNOSPERMÆ.
Cohort Coniferæ.

Order Strobiliflore; Fam. Cycadaceae, Pinaceæ, Taxace, Gnetaceæ.
Order Conifloræ; Fam. Welwitschiaceae.

Class ANTHOSPERMÆ.

Cohort Dendroicæ.

Order Spermiflora; Fam. Viscaceæ, Loranthaceæ.

Class ANGIOSPERMÆ.

Sub-class DICOTYLEDONES.

Cohort Dimorphantha.

Orders Julifloræ, Globifloræ, Clavifloræ, Urticifloræ, Euphorbifloræ, Begoniflora. Cohort Monochlamydantha.

Orders Nudiflora, Involucriflora, Raniflora, Cactiflora, Cytinifloræ, Daphniflore. Cohort Dichlamydantha.

Orders Cirriflora, Myrtiflora, Lythriflora, Rosiflora, Tiliiflora, Crucifloræ, Rutifloræ, Ericifloræ, Primuliflora, Celastriflora, Umbelliflora, Oleiflora, Campanifloræ, Asteriflora, Corollifloræ.

Sub-class MONOCOTYLEDONES.

Cohort Centrantha.

Order Centriflora.

Cohort Hydrantha.

Orders Fluviiflora, Alismiflora.

Cohort Lirianthe.

Orders Glumiflora, Spadicifloræ, Liliifloræ, Labellifloræ.

INFLUENCE OF SEVERE WINTERS ON VEGETATION.-The Botanical Society of France had its annual gathering at Fontainebleau this year, in the end of June. Among other matters that came up for study (we learn from Revue des Deux Mondes) was the modification of the flora of that district in recent times. A number of species have disappeared, chiefly by reason of severe winters. The winters of 1564, 1709, 1788 and 1879-80 were disastrous. Recent meteorology has proved that elevated places generally suffer less from cold than those of low position. The trees on low ground at Fontainebleau have suffered peculiarly. Cereals have suffered more on high ground, because snow is their best defence against frost, and on exposed points it is more driven about by wind. Many herbaceous plants, too, have been protected by snow, but several which grew on walls or the face of rocks have succumbed. Evergreens have suffered more than others, and the general destruction of the maritime pine in the central parts of France (in Champagne, Garthe, Rambouillet, as well as at Fontainebleau, it has perished), is a grave loss to the country. Among other plants which have been frozen out, or nearly so, in the center of France, are the broom heather, holly, ivy and box. Among species with caducous leaves, the elder, and even the oak, have seriously suffered; and the loss of chestnuts and walnuts, which used to be largely cultivated in the valley of the Loir and in Touraine, have thrown idle for a long time the oil-mills of that part of France. The Fontainebleau flora has been enriched, in recent times, with various new species, as well as impoverished by disappearance of old ones.—English Mechanic.

BOTANICAL NOTES.-Professor Goodale, of Harvard University, sails for Germany soon, to remain a year.——-Dr. Gray intends to return from his sojourn in Europe early in the autumn.-The Cincinnati meeting of the American Association for the Advance