traffic by land and by water had begun to flourish. The dead were entombed under such conditions as to give an insight into the religious convictions of the people. On page 293 is the pregnant sentence, that each palafitte hut was inhabited by one family, and the whole settlement was not a community with common store houses, like a Mexican pueblo. This Neolithic culture is derived from Asia, and, after summing up the evidence, Mr. Dawkins regards the people as of the Iberian stock. They were succeeded by the Celts, who were, par-excellence, the Bronze age race. The various questions which have sprung out of the remains, as the origin of bronze, tin mines, the duration, culture, and religion of the Bronze age are elaborately worked up in chapters x and xI. The following and closing chapters treat of the Iron age, and the overlap of history, under which last head the influences of Egyptian, Assyrian, Phoenician, Etruscan, and Greek civilization upon that of Western Europe are briefly discussed.

It is to be regretted that our limited space will not permit us to enter more elaborately into the merits of this work, nor to speak of its defects any further than to draw attention to oversights, and a lack of consistency here and there in the proof-reading of an otherwise very handsome volume. If Mr. Dawkins has not already thought of the matter, we would call attention to the similarity of the flames from the head of the Dol-ar-Marchnant (page 305) to the speaking girdles and other like signs for voice and emotion in the works of Stephens and Hable.

THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF PARIS.-The Bulletins of this world-renowned society from January to April of, the past year, have reached us through the Smithsonian Institution. In addition to the lists of officers and members, proceedings and correspondence, the following papers are given in full or in abstracts:

Sur la signification de la croix dit svastika et d'autres emblèmes de même nature, by Girard de Rialle; Sur les Lapons, by M. Mantegazza; Sur les Migrations en Egypte, by Emilie Soldi; Sur les Boschimans et les Hottentots, by M. Féraud; Inventaire des Monuments Mégalithiques de France : Report of a sub-Committee, composed of MM. Henry Martin, Daubrée, G. De Mortillet, Paul Broca, Cartailhac, Chantre, Leguay, Pomel, Salmon, du Sommerard, de Berthélemy, Fabsan, Trutat, and Viollet le Duc. [This is a detailed enumeration by departments of all the dolmens, menhirs, aleignments, cromlechs, cup stones, and other archæological localities throughout France]; Crane Australien Brachycephalique, by M. Cauvin; Méthode trigonometrique: le goniométre d'inclinaison et l'orthogone, by Dr. Paul Broca; Sur un questionnaire anthropométrique a remplir dans les ecoles du departement de Loir-et-Cher, by M. Jacques Bertillon; Le developpement du cerveau chez les enfants du premier age, by M. J. Parrot; Sur le goniométre flexible, by M. Paul

Broca; Sur la traduction des inscriptions cambodgiennes, by M. Harmand; Sur l'utilité de rédiger des instructions linguistiques, by M. Vinson; Sur un Manuscrit de M. Régis Gery, by M. G. de Mortillet; Sur les Esthoniens, by M. Arthur Chervin; Sur l'ethnologie de la Nouvelle Guinée, by M. Mantegazza; Sur la vision de la serie des nombres, by M. d'Abbadie; Sur le buste d'une jeune fille zoulon, by M. Paul Broca; Sur une anomalie regressive de la crosse de l'aorte chez une jeune fille zoulon, by M. Paul Broca; Le cerveau de l'assassin Prévost, by M. Paul Broca; Sur la monographie de la femme de la Cochinchine, by M. Mondière; Sur les resultats d'une mission en Australie, by M. Cauvin; Sur les comptes de l'exposition des Sciences anthropologiques, by M. Issaurat; De différent instruments d'anthropométrie, by M. Paul Topinard; De l'influence du mariage sur la tendance au suicide, by M. Jacques Bertillon; Sur la génération au point de vue chronologique, by M. Réné de Semallé: Sur le voyage de M. Panagiotis Patagos en Asie Centrale, by M, Ch.-E. de Ujfalvy; Sur l'usure spontanée des dents au point de vue ethnique, by M. E. Magitot; Sur les Sépultures doubles de Thuizy (Marne), by M. Edouard Fourdrignier.

FOSSIL MEN AND THEIR MODERN REPRESENTATIVES.-Under the foregoing title, Principal J. W. Dawson has published, through Dawson Brothers, of Montreal, an "Attempt to illustrate the characters and condition of prehistoric men in Europe, by those of the American Races." In this volume we have really two books, upon entirely different subjects. What we may call book first is a parallel between the ancient town of Hochelaga, discovered by Cartier in 1534, and occupying the site of modern Montreal, and the ancient stone people of Europe. The author's opportunities for following up a line of investigation initiated by Sir John Lubbock have been exceptionally good and he has not failed to use them, supplementing the data of Hochelaga with facts collected among our present red Indians. In the course of the argument the author throws out some pregnant suggestions; as, for example, the impossibility of maintaining the definite nomenclature of archæology popular ten years ago; the similarity of the oldest populations of Europe, the river drift and the cave men, to American aborigines; the identity of Schoolcraft Allegans with the Mound-builders; the anteriority of polished stone to rude stone folk; the spoke-like burial in the mounds as an imitation of lying in a teepec with the feet to the fire; the communal characters of the Swiss palafittes; the totemic significance of the engravings on bone in the European caves, &c. The portions of the volume designated here as the second book, are an argument to prove that all the events indicated by the discoveries of archæologists, in river-drifts, in caves, and in lake deposits, occurred in a few thousands of years. Without trying to follow Dr. Dawson in his discussion, it is but fair to say that his profound

knowledge of palæontology has enabled him to present the brachy-chronic view of archæology more forcibly than Mr. Southall or any other recent writer who has made the attempt.

GESTURE SIGNS.-Col. Garrick Mallery has issued, for collaborators only, a limited number of a quarto pamphlet of 329 pages, entitled, "A Collection of Gesture Signs and Signals of the North American Indians, with 'some comparisons. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1880." The work will not be published permanently in its present shape; but the descriptions are presented for the verification of observations, verbal corrections, and to secure accurate classification and comparison. Every contributor is thus enabled to revise his own work, as the volume is divided and arranged according to a scheme of linguistic families and subordinate languages or tribes. The author has taken the liberty to use his own judgment as to the admission or rejection of authorities, drawing a hard and fast line against all loose generalizers and vague talkers about what they have not examined in person over and over again. The amount of patient, critical discernment necessary to render such a work really valuable can be appreciated only by a careful study of Colonel Mallery's prefatory remarks, pp. 1-7, in which the principles which have guided him are clearly set forth.

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REPORT ON INDIAN AFFAIRS.-Strange as it may seem, scholars seldom consult the report of the Commissioner on Indian Affairs for information concerning the Indians. In preparing his colossal work on the Native Races of the Pacific States, Mr. H. H. Bancroft examined the entire series up to 1872, but found only here and there a scrap of intelligence. Very notable exceptions to this sweeping statement are to be found, such as the papers Governor Stevens and the report of General Walker, in 1872. We find reason to qualify our statement, also, in the report of Commissioner Hayt, for 1879. On page 118, Agent B. M. Thomas gives a list of all the inhabited Pueblos in New Mexico and Arizona, with their population, and an altogether too short sketch of their government. It is to be hoped that those who have the best possible opportunities of studying our aborigines. will make better use of their time in the future.

TRANSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE.-Vol. XII of this valuable series for 1879, issued May, 1880, is not devoid of interest to the anthropologist, as the accompanying list of papers will show :

Notes

on Port Nicholson and the natives in 1839. By Major Charles Heaphy. On the ignorance of the ancient New Zealander of the use of projectile weapons. By Coleman Phillips.

Contributions towards a better knowledge of the Maori race.

By W. Colenso.

Notes on an ancient manufactory of stone implements at the mouth of the Otokai

creek, Brighton, Otago. By Prof. Julius von Haast.

Notes on the color-sense of the Maori. By James W. Stack.

Remarks on Mr. Mackenzie Cameron's theory respecting the Kahui Tepua. By James W. Stack.

Pronouns and other barat fossil words compared with primeval and non-Aryan languages of Hindostan and borders. By J. Turnbull Thomson.

Maori connection. J. Turnbull Thomson.

ASIATIC CULTURE IN AMERICA.-In No. 6, Vol. Ix of the Canadian Naturalist, Prof. John Campbell, of Montreal, attempts to connect the Basques of Europe, the Nubians of Africa, the Circassians, on the border of Europe and Asia, the Koriens, the Japanese and other peninsular people of Asia, the Aleutians, Kadiagmuts, Dakotas, Iroquois, Cherokee-Choctaws, Muyscas, Peruvians, and Chilenos of America. The author sets out from the labors of Hyde Clarke, " to whom," it is said, "belongs the most of the discovery which bids fair to revolutionize the science of ethnology." The paper certainly exhibits a vast amount of patient research; but, after all, we fail to see in many of the words enough of resemblance to prove identity.

A NEW PERIODICAL.-On the 3d of July, 1880, the first number of a periodical with the title of Science was issued in New York, under the editoral charge of Mr. John Michels. Several valuable anthropological papers have appeared in its columns: Fragmentary notes on the Eskimo of Cumberland sound, by Ludwig Kumlien; Reports of Ethnological papers at the American Association, and notes scattered here and there on a variety of subjects. On page 205 is given Major Powell's vice-presidential address on the Wyandotte government before the American Association.

SKIN FURROWS OF THE HAND.-New anatomical characters are being brought constantly within the anthropological area. Only a few months ago the relative length of the ring-finger and the fore-finger was added to the list of marks for observers. Mr. Henry Faulds of Tsukipi Hospital, Tokio, Japan, has commenced in Nature, of October 28th, a series of papers on the ethnological value of careful observations relating to the finger marks on ancient pottery, to those of criminals, and of the anthropoid apes.

ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE CAUCASUS.--One of the neatest pieces of ethnographic work which it has been our good fortune to inspect is a paper in No. Ix of Petermann's Mittheilungen, on the abovementioned subject, prepared by N. v. Seidlitz. The article is made up chiefly of tables of statistics upon the almost hopelessly mixed Indo-European, Caucasic and Mongolian peoples of this region. A colored map exhibiting the tribal distribution will be found at the end of the number.

POPULATION OF THE EARTH.-The sixty-second Supplement of Petermann's Mittheilungen contains Behm and Wagner's "Die Bevölkerung der Erde, vi." Although the greater part of this pamphlet of x-132 pages belongs to the statisticians, the ethnologist will find enough material for comparative study to make it worth his while to give it his attention.

GERMAN ANTHROPOLOGY.-The stenographic report of the eleventh annual meeting of the German Society of Anthropology, Ethnology and Prehistory in Berlin, August 5 to II, is a quarto pamphlet of 160 pages. Unfortunately, there is no index, excepting a catalogue of names unaccompanied with the titles of

papers.

CORRECTIONS.-Our regret at making mistakes is only equaled by our happiness in making amends. In the list of papers read before the Washington Anthropological Society (page 813) please insert "The old Roman Senate: a study in the comparative history of assemblies," by J. Howard Gore. The notes on Japanese mythology (page 902) were sent by some unknown friend, and not by Professor E. S. Morse. In speaking of Dr. Yarrow's "Mortuary Customs" (page 904), credit was not given him for distinguishing between inhumation within the cabin, wigwam or house, and simple abandonment of a lodge containing a dead body. The closing chapter on mourning, feasts, food, dances, songs, games, etc., connected with burial, was omitted from the reference to the contents of the volume.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

ACOSTA, J. DE-The natural and moral history of the Indies. Reprinted from the English edition by Edward Grimshaw, 1604, and edited with notes and an introduction by Cl. R. Markham, 1, 8vo, 295 pp., I chart. London, Hackluyt Soc., 1880.

ADAM, L., and C. LECLERC-Arte de la lengua de los Indios Baures de la Provincia de los Moxos. Conforme al Manuscrito original del P. Antonio Magio. Paris, Maisonneuve; London, Nutt.

ADLER, CURTIUS F., and G. TREU-Die Ausgrabungen zu Olympia. IV. Uebersicht der Arbeiten und Funde vom Winter und Frühjahr, 1878-1879. XXXIX Tafeln. Berlin, Ernst Wasmuth. (The Athenæum, Sept. 4, 1880. Reviewed by Julius Schubring.)

ALLEN, GRANT-Esthetic evolution in man. Mind, xx.

ANCELON-Sur les habitations lacustres connues sous le nom de briquetages de la Seille. Paris, 1880, 8vo. (From Bull. Soc. d'Anthrop.)

ARVIENS, P.--Maleisch-Hollandsch-Atjehsche Woordenlijst. Amsterdam, de Bussy. AVERY, J.-Influence of the aboriginal tribes upon the Aryan speech of India. Oriental and Biblical F, III.

BACON, A. T.-The ruins of the Colorado valley, Ill. Lippincott's Mag., Nov. BAILLARGER et KRISHABER-Cretin. Dicc. Encycl. d. sc. Méd., Paris, 1879, Is., XXIII, 126–146.

BECK, L.-Das Meteoreisen in technischer und culturgeschichtlicher Beziehung. Arch. f. Anthrop., 1880, XII, 293-314.

BELLEW, H. W.-The Races of Afghanistan: being a brief account of the principal nations inhabiting that country. Calcutta, Tacker, Spink & Co. (Reviewed in The Athenæum, Aug. 7.)

BENEDIKT, MORIZ-Weitere methodische Studien zur Kranio- und Kephalometrie. Vienne, 1880, 8vo. (From Mitth. d. Anthrop. Gesellsch. in Wien, 1880. IX, 348-371.)

BELTRAME, G.-Cause della barbarie, da cui fu sempre dominata de l'Africa, especialmente la parte centrale: Condizione intelletuale e morale dei Negri. Atti R. Istituto Veneto, v, Ser. 5, No. 9.

BIRD, ISABELLA L.-Unbeaten Tracks in Japan. 2 vols., with map and illustrations. London, John Murray, 1880.