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reported at their sales-rooms, when there is an office in connection with the factory, where the account of materials, labor, and product is kept.

Where two establishments, having each a distinct Production, are owned by one and the same person, they will be separately reported, the name of the owner being repeated.

Where the same establishment carries on two successive processes of Manufacturing, as, for example, when a forge and rolling mill, or a furnace and foundry, are united, the Materials and Productions of each will be separately given. It may be necessary, in such cases, to estimate in regard to the share of each portion of the establishment rather more freely than would be desirable in establishments of less complex production. It is desirable to have the facts of each distinct line of manufacture by themselves, so that the returns of every industrial interest may be tabulated without intermixture of others.

It is not believed to be necessary to explain at length the use of the word "Materials" in respect to manufactures. It will be enough to say that what is the Product of one establishment may become the Material of another: as, iron ore is the product of the mine, but the material of the furnace, which produces iron in pigs, to become, again, the material of the foundry.

Each page of Schedule 4 is divided into ten spaces, each intended to report one establishment. One line is drawn across the entire page, on which to report the name of the establishment, kind of product, labor employed, wages, &c., as well as the kind, quantity, and value of the material consumed, and of the article produced, where the material and production are of only one kind each. Additional lines are drawn under the latter heads, for use in those cases where Materials and Products are of more than one kind. In case of very large establishments, with great variety of products, the space intended for two establishments may be taken.

In column 1 the name of the individual, or the style of the firm or corporation, should be written with sufficient fullness and distinctness to enable the Census Office to conduct such subsequent correspondence as may be necessary.

In column 2 the kind of business and character of product should be described as specifically as possible; as, for example,

fishing hooks, hoisting apparatus, skirt supporters, speaking tubes, &c. General terms will be avoided, when specific and technical terms will cover the operations.

The cost of Superintendence, Rent, Freight, and other general expenses of a manufacturing establishment are not to be included in "Materials." "Mill supplies" and "Fuel" should be included.

The statement of "Kinds" and "Quantities" of Materials and of Products is not required in the case of those mechanical establishments whose materials and productions are of a minor and miscellaneous character, such as carpenters' and blacksmiths' shops, small gun shops, &c.

When the production is all of one kind, it should be reported by kinds and quantities, no matter how small the amount.

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Every factory, every mill of considerable size, must be enumerated in this way. To make the returns of "Kinds" and Quantities" of any value, it is essential that they should conform to a distinct classification, so that the product of all establishments in the same line of business throughout the country can be added together. In the case of every establishment, the TOTAL VALUE of all Materials consumed, and of all Products, alike those specified and those not specified, will be given in the proper columns for Values.

The following tables exhibit the specifications of Materials and Products which it is desirable to have made in the case of certain of the larger industries of the country; also, the necessary forms for reporting the facts relative to power and machinery. So far as possible, enumerators will conform to this classification.

RESOURCE AND MACHINERY.

RESOURCE.-State whether power is obtained from steam, water, wind, horse, or hand. In salt works, state whether salt is obtained by solar evaporation or by boiling.

MACHINERY. If steam power is used, state number of engines and aggregate horse-power. If water power, number of wheels and horse power, or, if more convenient, state the diameter and width of wheel, and the "head" and amount of water.

In Cotton Mills.-Number of looms; number frame spindles; number mule spindles.

Print Works.-Number of print machines.

Woolen Mills.-Number sets of cards; aggregate daily capacity in carded wool; number broad looms; number narrow looms; number spindles.

Worsted Mills.-Number of combing machines of domestic make, and number of foreign make; number of knitting machines; number of spindles; number of looms; number of braiders.

Carpet Mills.-Number of hand-looms; number power-looms. Cordage Factories.-Number of spinning jennies.

Paper Mills.-Number of paper engines; number paper machines, and estimated maximum capacity in tons per day.

Hat and Cap Establishments.—Number of sewing machines. Boot and Shoe Factories.-Number of pegging machines; number sewing machines.

Iron Foundries.-Number of blast furnaces, with description and capacity.

In Grist and Flouring Mills.-Number runs-of-stone, and estimated maximum capacity per day.

In Salt Works.-Number of vats, and aggregate area in square feet, if salt is obtained by solar evaporation. If by boiling, number of blocks; number of kettles, and aggregate capacity in gallons.

Saw Mills.-Number of saws. If "gangs," state total number

of saws.

MATERIALS.

Cotton Mills.-Pounds of cotton.

Print Works.-Cost of chemicals and dye-stuffs; value of the cloth before printing.

Woolen Mills.-Chemicals and dye-stuffs; pounds of foreign wool (including goats' hair, camels' hair, &c., mohair, alpaca); pounds domestic wool; pounds shoddy; pounds cotton.

Worsted Mills.-Pounds of wool, foreign and domestic; pounds cotton; worsted yarn bought for use.

Carpet Mills.-Pounds of wool; pounds cotton; pounds flax. Hosiery Mills.-Pounds of cotton; pounds foreign wool; pounds domestic wool; pounds shoddy.

Cordage Factories.-Tons of Manilla hemp; tons Russian hemp;

tons American hemp; tons flax, tow, cotton, junk, jute, Sunn hemp, Sisal grass, and other materials.

Hat and Cap Factories.-Pounds of wool; pounds fur; yards plush.

Boot and Shoe Factories.-Number of sides and value of sole leather; number of sides and value of upper leather; value of other leather used.

Iron Furnaces.-Tons of iron ore used; tons anthracite coal; bushels bituminous coal; bushels charcoal.

Iron Foundries.-Tons of pig metal; tons coal.

Rolling Mills and Forges.-Tons of blooms; tons pig metal; tons ore; tons coal.

Steel Works.-Tons of blooms; tons pig iron; tons bar iron; tons scrap iron; tons of coal.

Paper Mills. Tons of domestic rags; tons foreign rags; old paper; cotton waste; Manilla stock; straw; corn stock; Esparto grass; cords poplar wood; other wood; other material for pulp; cost of all chemicals.

Grist and Flouring Mills.-A distinction must be made between what is ground for private owners and what is ground on personal venture. Where mills do both, the business in each will, if posible, be reported separately.

If "ground for owners," give bushels of grain; tons of dyewoods; bushels of salt; tons of lime; with the value before and after grinding. If "ground on personal venture," give bushels of grain, &c., ground as Material; and for Product, the barrels of flour, bushels of rye, corn meal, &c.

Salt Works.-Tons of coal; cords wood.

Gas Works. Tons of American coal; tons foreign coal; casks lime; pounds sulphate of iron.

PRODUCT.

Cotton Mills.-Yards of sheetings and shirtings and twilled goods; yards of lawns and fine muslins; yards of printing cloths; pounds of yarn not woven; dozens of spool thread; yards of warps; pounds of batts, wicking, and wadding; number of table cloths, quilts, and counterpanes; number and pounds of seamless bags;

pounds of cordage, lines, and twines; pounds miscellaneous articles; TOTAL POUNDS PRODUCED.

Print Works.-Number yards of cloth printed; value when printed.

Woolen Mills.-Yards of cloth, cassimeres, and doeskins; pounds yarn; pairs blankets; number shawls; dozens hosiery; yards. felted cloth; yards flannels. Mixed Goods.-Yards satinets; yards linseys; yards kerseys; yards jeans; yards negro cloths; value of miscellaneous articles.

Worsted Mills.-Yards of mousseline de laines; yards cashmeres and Coburgs; yards Orleans coatings and poplins; yards alpacas; yards "all worsted" dress goods; yards other worsted dress goods; number woven shawls; yards balmorals; yards bunting and lasting; pounds of yarn for carpets and hosiery; pounds of braids and lacings; value of fancy goods, ladies' hoods, and knit shawls.

Carpet Mills.-Yards of Wilton carpeting; yards Brussels; yards Venetian; yards velvet; yards three-ply ingrain; yards two-ply ingrain; yards felt carpeting; yards druggets and rugs.

Hosiery Mills.-Dozens pairs of hose and half-hose; dozens drawers, shirts, and jackets; dozens opera hoods and scarfs; pairs gloves and mittens; yards of stockinet; value of miscellaneous articles.

Cordage Factories.-Pounds of Manilla rope; pounds other rope; pounds shoe thread; pounds fishing and clothes lines and bedcord; pounds twine and thread; pounds oakum.

Hats and Caps.-Dozens hat bodies (not made up); number silk hats; dozens fur, felt, or wool hats; dozens caps.

Boot and Shoe Factories.-Number pairs of boots (for men's, youths', boys', and children's wear); number pairs shoes (for men's, youths', boys', women's, misses', and children's wear).

Iron Furnaces.-Tons of pig iron; tons castings; tons malleable iron.

Iron Foundries.-Number of car wheels; running feet of iron railing; number hot-air furnaces; number cooking ranges; number stoves; value of all hollow-ware; value of malleable iron castings.

Rolling Mills and Forges.-Tons of bar iron; tons of galvanized

CENSUS- -3

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