THE PENNSYLVANIA CITIZEN BY L. S. SHIMMELL EDITOR OF THE SCHOOL GAZETTE TEACHER OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT, HIGH SCHOOL, HARRISBURG, pa. "Nene love their country but who love their home; For freedom can alone with those abide Who wear the golden chain with honest pride, Of love and duty at their own fireside." HARRISBURG, PA. R. L. MYERS & COMPANY 1900 Edy 17 729.00.785- HARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY GIFT OF GINN & CO. COPYRIGHT, 1895, BY R. L. MYERS & Co. Shimmell's Pa. Citizen. Reprinted September, 1895. Reprinted February and September, 1896. Reprinted May, June, August and October, 1898. Reprinted May, September and November, 1899. THE PREFACE. Much is said about teaching patriotism in the schools, and laudable efforts are made to inculcate patriotic sentiment in the minds of the pupils: flags float from the tops of our school-houses, patriotic songs resound within their walls, inspiring oratory is declaimed from their platforms, and the story of our national life is rehearsed in their class-rooms. But much of all this is mere sentiment, which alone will not suffice. Principles of action should be developed. The active duties of private and public life should be taught. Boys and girls should be trained in the art of American citizenship. Such training will make useful citizens, and a useful citizen is a true patriot. The exercise of citizenship-like charity—begins at home. It is illogical and impractical to train a boy in the duties of a President or a Congressman and not in the duties of a voter, a juryman and a local officer. The Constitution of the United States should be taught, but not, as has been the practice in the past, to the exclusion of local and State government. Boys and girls will take an active interest in those duties of citizenship that pertain to the immediate welfare of their homes and friends, and in them they should be first instructed. The love of home and friends can thereby be developed into that broader love of country and fellow-citizens. This principle has guided the author in the preparation of this work. He has sought to emphasize local government, because it is so vitally related to national government. As to the contents, the author desires to call attention to the fact that in the first chapter, he has endeavored to explain the relation of the various goverments under which the people of Pennsylvania, as well as those of the other States in the Union, live. He deems a knowledge of that relation very essential to citizenship and to its faithful and intelligent performance. In the second chapter is found a brief history of the goverment of Pennsylvania since the time when it was formed |